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Biomedical subjects

E Ganz

Publications and source records attributed to E Ganz.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Brown-Roberts-Wells stereotactic frame modifications to accomplish magnetic resonance imaging guidance in three planes.

The Brown-Roberts-Wells (BRW) computer tomography (CT) stereotactic guidance system has been modified to accommodate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A smaller head ring, which fits in standard MRI head coils, is constructed of a non-ferromagnetic aluminum ring that is split to prevent eddy currents and anodized to prevent MRI image distortion and resolution degradation. A new localizing device has been designed in a box configuration, which allows BRW stereotactic coordinates to be calculated from coronal and sagittal MRI images, in addition to axial images. The system was tested utilizing a phantom and T1- and T2-weighted images. Using 5-mm MRI scan slices, targets were localized accurately to a 5-mm cube in three combined planes. Optimized calibration of both low field strength (0.3 T) and high field strength (1.5 T) MRI systems is necessary to obtain thin slice (5 mm) images with acceptable image resolution. To date, 10 patients have had MRI stereotactic localization of brain lesions that were better defined by MRI than CT.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed1983

Regional cerebral metabolic alterations in dementia of the Alzheimer type: positron emission tomography with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose.

Alzheimer disease is the most common cause of dementia in adults. Despite recent advances in our understanding of its anatomy and chemistry, we remain largely ignorant of its pathogenesis, physiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Dynamic positron emission tomography using [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) was performed on the Donner 280-crystal ring in 10 subjects with dementia of the Alzheimer type and six healthy age-matched controls. Ratios comparing mean counts per resolution element in frontal, temporoparietal, and entire cortex regions in brain sections 10 mm thick obtained 40-70 min following FDG injection showed relatively less FDG uptake in the temporoparietal cortex bilaterally in all the Alzheimer subjects (p less than 0.01). Left-right alterations were less prominent than the anteroposterior changes. This diminished uptake was due to lowered rates of FDG use and suggests that the metabolic effects of Alzheimer disease are most concentrated in the temporoparietal cortex. Positron emission tomography is a most powerful tool for the noninvasive in vivo assessment of cerebral pathophysiology in dementia.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Treatment of elevated intracranial pressure in Reye syndrome.

Continuous intraventricular monitoring of intracranial pressure appears to be a useful aid in the management of patients with Reye syndrome, especially those in stage 3 or 4 coma, in which the mortality rate remains high. Elevations in intracranial pressure can be treated promptly and before the patient shows clinical signs of deterioration. Careful attention to adequate airway care is essential. The use of paralytic agents to reduce pressure secondary to muscle movement is useful. The minimum dose of mannitol required can be carefully titrated, and sudden pressure changes can be combated by release of small amounts of cerebrospinal fluid.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Intracranial pressure gradients in a patient with a thalamic tumor.

The clinical history and intracranial pressure records of a patient with a thalamic tumor obstructing the ventricular system is presented. There were sustained differences in pressure between the anterior and posterior parts of the obstructed lateral ventricle. Brain compliance was markedly reduced and there were numerous pressure waves. It is believed that these supratentorial pressure gradients are most marked when there is a loss of brain compliance, and that they contribute to the mechanisms of brain shifts and spreading edema. Thus, they must be taken into account in the management of patients with intracranial mass lesions.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Natural history of breast cancer: lobular carcinoma versus ductal carcinoma in our experience].

Aim of the study is to evaluate the biology, the clinical evolution and the prognosis of lobular carcinoma of the breast. We retrospectively evaluated the patients treated in our institution during the last 13 years. 117 patients with lobular carcinoma of the breast and 117 patients, randomized out of 397 patients with 'classical' pattern of ductal carcinoma were compared. Age distribution, type of surgery, tumor size, TNM stage, axillary lymph node involvement, multifocality, multiple breast cancers, local and distant recurrences, overall survival and disease-free survival have been evaluated. There was not a significant difference in tumor size, lymph node involvement, stage distribution, estrogens and progesterone receptors status, local and distant recurrences. The only significant differences were found in multifocality and multiple breast cancers. The said difference does not seem to modify the overall survival and the disease-free survival that are the same in the two groups. Our research shows that tumor size and axillary lymph node status are the only elements that have to be considered in the choice of the surgical treatment and prognosis. It seems that the difference in distant metastatic pattern between lobular and ductal carcinoma is the distinctive feature in the follow-up of these patients.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Our experience in the surgical treatment of early breast cancer. Results of a prospective study of 204 cases].

The authors report the results of a prospective study on 204 patients (1980-1993) affected by early infiltrating breast cancer (size pounds 2 cm) as a part of a surgical series of 608 cases. 53 cases who underwent QUART (25.9%) and 151 cases (74.1%) who underwent mastectomy modified according to Patey have been collected. 10 years actuarial survival has been respectively 79% after extensive surgery and 78% after conservative treatment. Local recurrences have been observed in 9 cases after meticulous follow-up (median 74.8 months, range 12-178): 3 (5.66%) patients after QUART and 6 (3.97%) after mastectomy; furthermore 1 patients after a conservative treatment (1.88%) has developed a second tumor at the same side probably dependent on the presence in the primary tumor of an extensive intraductal component. No correlations between histological features, grading, positive nodes, receptor status and local recurrences have been found. Only the age of patients looks significantly correlated with frequency of recurrences: 44.45% of local recurrences have been observed in patients less than 45 years old. Local recurrences after QUART have obliged, in all cases, to a radical mastectomy. Furthermore, frequency of distant metastases has been considered: after QUART percentage is lower (9.43%) than after radical mastectomy (13.9%). This consideration looks correlated with the longer follow-up of the later group. A multidisciplinary approach is advised but the most important role is played by surgery. In conclusion it is outlined that conservative surgery is addressed to selection and consenting patients.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Primary lymphoma of the breast. Three cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma].

Primary and sole breast lymphoma is a very rare disease. With the review of our series of 616 cases operated on for breast cancer, only 3 cases (0.48%) of primary breast non-Hodgkin lymphoma (LNH) have been observed. The authors outline the problems concerning diagnosis and therapy of this rare disease: pathological and immunohistochemical aspects are discussed. They stress the importance of staging in order to plan a correct multidisciplinary approach.

Aged↗