Biomedical subjects

E Ganzoni

Publications and source records attributed to E Ganzoni.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2004

Off seasonal and pre-seasonal assessment of circulating energy sources during prolonged running at the anaerobic threshold in competitive triathletes.

OBJECTIVES: To compare changes in circulating energy sources during prolonged exercise in off season (OS) and pre-season (PS) training of triathletes. METHODS: Nine athletes of the Swiss national triathlon team (three female, mean (SD) age 28.7 (4.9) years, height 169.8 (6.0) cm, weight 57.0 (6.2) kg, VO(2)max 66.5 (5.3) ml/min/kg; six male, mean (SD) age 24.0 (4.1) years, height 181.4 (6.9) cm, weight 73.5 (6.0) kg, VO(2)max 75.9 (4.9) ml/min/kg) were tested twice (2.5 months apart) during a 25 km aerobic capacity test run at the end of the OS and just before the season. The average training load during the OS was 9.9 h/week, and this increased to 14.4 h/week in the PS. With heart rates as reference, exercise intensity during the aerobic capacity test was 97.0 (4.9)% of the anaerobic threshold and 91.2 (4.5)% of VO(2)max. Blood samples were collected before, during, and after the aerobic capacity test. Samples were collected every 5 km during three minute rest intervals. RESULTS: Blood was analysed for triglyceride (TG), free fatty acids, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, insulin, lactate, and changes in plasma volume. A two factor (season by distance) repeated measures analysis of variance revealed an increase in capacity for prolonged exercise in the PS by a decrease in running intensity during the aerobic capacity test (% of speed at 2.0 mmol/l lactate threshold, p = 0.008), an increase in running speed at the anaerobic threshold (p = 0.003) and at 4.0 and 2.0 mmol/l (p<0.001) of the lactate threshold. A significant season by distance interaction was found for TG (p<0.001). TG concentrations peaked at 5 km and decreased logarithmically throughout the OS (1.48 (0.34) to 0.86 (0.20) mmol/l) and PS (1.90 (0.31) to 0.73 (0.18) mmol/l) tests. From the OS to the PS, there was an increase in the difference in TG at 5-15 km with a concomitant increase at 2.0 mmol/l of the lactate threshold. The peak TG concentrations at 5 km followed by a logarithmic decrease suggest that TG may also provide circulating energy. A greater logarithmic decrease in TG occurred in the PS than in the OS, indicating a higher rate of use. There was an increase in the difference in TG at 5-15 km similar to the increase in the speed at 2.0 mmol/l of the lactate threshold between the two seasons. Glucose, insulin, lactate, and free fatty acids were similar in the two seasons. CONCLUSION: Free fatty acid and TG concentrations were much higher than expected, and the two training seasons showed significantly different patterns of TG concentration during prolonged running. These responses may be related to aerobic capacity of prolonged exercise.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

[Safety profile of zolpidem: two studies of 3805 patients by Swiss practitioners].

Evaluation and treatment of insomnia are frequent procedures in the physician's everyday practice, since many patients seek medical treatment for this condition. Knowledge of pharmacological therapeutical alternatives is therefore decisive, in order to identify the most efficaceous and safe therapy for the patient among the available hypnotics. The short-acting hypnotic zolpidem has been investigated in Switzerland in two multicenter safety studies in ambulatory practice. In the first study 8.9% (n = 125 of 1,972 treated patients), and in the second 7.2% of the patients (n = 175 of 1,833 treated patients) reported an adverse event. The most frequent events were related to the central nervous system (CNS) (somnolence, headache, confusion, vertigo); gastrointestinal and cutaneous symptoms were the most frequent non CNS-dependent effects. New, unknown or serious adverse events were not found and no specific risk factor or population at risk was identified. The safety profile of zolpidem is consistent with its known pharmacological properties, the results of previous clinical trials and the international experience obtained in large patients groups.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

[Screening for alcoholism].

This paper reviews current knowledge of screening for alcoholism. It emphasizes the validity of some screening instruments, e.g. standardized questionnaires, the accuracy of which appears to be superior to that of other commonly used tests such as biological markers of alcohol intake. Regarding effectiveness of screening for alcoholism, recent studies have proposed new therapies, particularly for use in multidisciplinary medical settings. The leading role of physicians in building these models should be emphasized, since it is well-known that alcoholics are frequently medical patients. Another factor in favour of screening for alcohol problems is the significant reduction of medical costs antialcoholic for alcoholics under treatment. To allow development of screening programmes for alcoholism by physicians it is indispensable that their medical education provides adequate information regarding this important health matter.

Alcoholism↗

PubMed1990

Transport of magnesium across an isolated preparation of sheep rumen: a comparison of MgCl2, Mg aspartate, Mg pidolate, and Mg-EDTA.

The transport of Mg across an isolated preparation of rumen epithelium of sheep was studied using different Mg salts: MgCl2. Mg aspartate, mg pidolate, and Mg-EDTA. The measurements were made under short circuit conditions in Ussing chambers. The obtained results showed that Mg transport rates did not differ significantly between MgCl2, Mg aspartate, and Mg pidolate. However, Mg-EDTA reduced Mg transport significantly and increased the short circuit current (Isc). It was shown that this increased Isc can be abolished by mucosal addition of Mg or Ca. It is concluded that Mg is transported if it is free and in the ionized form.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Zolpidem in insomnia: a 3-year post-marketing surveillance study in Switzerland.

A multicentre post-marketing surveillance study was conducted in Switzerland in routine practice and involved 1972 insomniac patients treated with zolpidem, an imidazopyridine hypnotic agent. The patients were representative of the general insomniac population (65% women; mean age 55 years; 29% over 65). Of the patients, 87% were treated with a zolpidem dosage of 10 mg/day and the median treatment duration was 30 days. All adverse events were collected through spontaneous reporting. A total of 175 patients (8.9%) reported 343 adverse events, and 102 (5.2%) of them discontinued treatment. CNS (central nervous system)-related adverse events accounted for 66% of the total, the most common events being residual daytime sedation and insufficient efficacy in 3.7% and 1.6%, respectively; confusion, disorientation, nervousness, nightmares, amnesia, impaired concentration and anxiety were observed in a lower proportion. Gastro-intestinal symptoms, headache and skin reactions were the most frequent non-CNS related effects. No serious adverse event was reported and no new risk factors or at-risk populations were identified. The safety profile of zolpidem is thus consistent with its known pharmacological properties, the results of previous clinical trials, and the cumulative international experience gained with this short-acting hypnotic drug.

Adolescent↗