PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E Gaudio

Publications and source records attributed to E Gaudio.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Mental arithmetic stress as a test for evaluation of diabetic sympathetic autonomic neuropathy.

The effects of a 1-min mental arithmetic stress test on heart rate change were studied in 72 Type 1 diabetic patients, 36 without and 36 with diabetic autonomic neuropathy (mean age 33 and 44 yr, respectively), and in 80 matched normal subjects. Variation in hand skin temperature was also recorded in 25 normal subjects and 30 diabetic patients without and 32 with autonomic neuropathy. While mental arithmetic rapidly reduced skin temperature of normal volunteers and of patients without autonomic neuropathy, no effect was found in autonomic neuropath (a drop of 0.63 +/- 0.05 (+/- SE), 0.52 +/- 0.04 and 0.16 +/- 0.02 degrees C (p less than 0.001), respectively). In control subjects and in diabetic patients without and with autonomic neuropathy the heart rate increase was 22.9 +/- 6.8 (+/- SD), 21.4 +/- 8.4 and 7.0 +/- 3.7 beats min-1, respectively (p less than 0.001). The ratio between maximum mental arithmetic-induced heart rate and basal heart rate was 1.29 +/- 0.10, 1.24 +/- 0.10 and 1.07 +/- 0.05 (p less than 0.001) for healthy subjects, non-neuropathic patients, and neuropathic patients. Cut-off values (the low normal limit for these variables) are proposed: skin temperature 0.23 degrees C, heart rate increase 11.6 beats min-1 and heart rate ratio 1.12. Anxiety state, blood glucose concentration (excluding hypoglycaemia), body position, basal heart rate, and age did not interfere with responses to mental arithmetic stress.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Carbon tetrachloride-induced experimental cirrhosis in the rat: a reappraisal of the model.

The goal of this study was to evaluate the presence of extrahepatic damage and the uniformity and reversibility of the histological findings in CCl4-induced liver cirrhosis in the rat. To verify these findings rats were sacrificed 2 and 10 weeks after a treatment consisting of ten intragastric doses of CCl4, administered weekly. All treated rats developed an irreversible micronodular cirrhosis with no damage to the brain, kidney and pancreas. Moreover, rats sacrificed 2 weeks after the last CCl4 dose showed a number of functional alterations usually observed in man. In particular, low branched chain/aromatic amino acids (BCAA/AAA) plasma ratio, high ammonia, low zinc and high insulin with normal blood glucose were obtained.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1988

Surface morphology of the human pleura. A scanning electron microscopic study.

The superficial morphology of the pleura has been observed in humans by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Pleural samples from the visceral, mediastinal, diaphragmatic and costal normal human pleura were observed, and a thorough morphometric study was performed. The most evident feature was the ubiquitous presence of microvilli and micropores. The secretion and absorption activities therefore should not be regarded as accomplished by different topographic zones of the pleura. Discontinuities and clefts were observed at the level of cellular junctions; absorption of high weight molecules and cells from the pleural space may be facilitated at this level, but the structures which were observed in humans may not be considered "stomata," according to the definition of such morphologic units as we give in the present study. Cilia and blebs, described in the experimental animal or in other mesothelia, were not seen in the human pleura.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Microcorrosion casting in normal and pathological biliary tree morphology.

The organization of the intrahepatic biliary tree was studied in three dimensions by scanning electron microscopic (SEM) corrosion casts, in normal and cholestatic rat liver. In the normal liver the observation revealed the features of the biliary passages from the bile canaliculi to the canaliculo-ductular junction, to the ductules and the bile ducts, confirming previous SEM observations. In cholestatic liver, the modifications and the proliferation of bile ductules appear clearly. Resin flow from canalicular to sinusoidal network was never observed. The method was found to be very useful in the evaluation of the architecture of the intrahepatic biliary tree, under normal as well as under pathological conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effects of peripheral duct occlusion on exocrine and endocrine pancreas. A histological, immunocytochemical and electron-microscopic study in the pig.

The effects of central and peripheral duct occlusion on the pancreas of the pig were investigated. The occlusion was obtained by injecting into the distal part of the pancreatic duct an ether diluted delicron or a fluid silicone solution. The pancreatic duct was then interrupted. At different intervals, gross morphology of the residual pancreas was studied and specimens were obtained for histology, immunocytochemistry and electronmicroscopy. A rapid progression of sclerotic modifications, with gradual destruction of exocrine gland, substantially concluded after 60 days, was demonstrated. However Langerhans' islets appeared preserved. These findings permit to suggest the application of this valid experimental model of chronic pancreatitis to the conservative treatment of human chronic pancreatitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Microcorrosion casts in the microcirculation of skeletal muscle.

The authors review the contribution of microcorrosion cast studies towards clarifying the structure of skeletal muscle microcirculation. Former studies performed on naturally contracted muscles show the presence of a primary and a secondary arterial network and a capillary network. At the level of the capillary network pericyte imprints are present. Muscles characterized by different types of metabolism show different features of the capillary pattern. Other authors have affirmed that the extended muscle is characterized by long and straight capillaries, while the contracted one features clusters of vessels all around a muscle fiber. The authors have made the present observations in order to determine how the capillary pattern of muscles with different metabolism is modified by extension and shortening of the muscle belly. The capillary pattern observed appears very similar to that observed in former studies. The differences between the oxidative and the glycolytic muscle are evident in every condition of the muscle belly. These data confirm the theory that there is a permanent endogenous difference in microcirculation between oxidative and glycolytic muscle, determined by muscle fiber metabolism.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

An S.E.M. corrosion cast study on pericyte localization and role in microcirculation of skeletal muscle.

The authors used the microcorrosion cast technique to study the localization and the role of pericytes in the microcirculation of skeletal muscle. Both fast twitch muscles, the tibialis anterior and the pectineus muscles, and a slow twitch one, the soleus muscle, were studied, because of morphological differences of their capillary networks. The observation of peculiar imprints on the surface of vascular casts, strategically sited in the microvascular bed, were related to the presence of pericytes apposed to the endothelial lining. The role of pericytes in equalizing the local blood flow to metabolic needs and in maintaining capillary blood flow despite pinching of vessels is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Structural and ultrastructural modifications of cryptorchid human testes.

Structural and ultrastructural modifications have been studied in cryptorchid testes. Biopsies were obtained from 15 patients between 2 and 39 years old, including 7 who had been treated previously by hormonal therapy without success. The most considerable observations were 1) the precocity of damage in germinal epithelium and in peritubular connective tissue, 2) the presence of frequent bilateral damage in cases of unilateral cryptorchidism and 3) the inefficacy of hormonal treatment (human chorionic gonadotropin) on the delay in maturation of tubular epithelium. These findings offer further information about the optimal time for surgical treatment of cryptorchidism, which in our opinion should be done when the patient is less than 2 years old.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

A scanning and transmission electron microscopic study of experimental extrahepatic cholestasis in the rat.

The rat liver after extrahepatic biliary obstruction was studied by SEM and TEM in correlation with basic histochemical techniques. Cholestasis was verified by serological methods. The biochemical data (increase in serum bilirubin values, a gradual lowering of the albumin fraction), in agreement with the ultrastructural results of a sparse RER, suggested a gradual decrease of the protein synthetic activity of the hepatocyte. SEM and TEM revealed numerous fat-storing cells, closely associated with patches of connective fibrils in the subendothelial spaces. Further ultrastructural observations demonstrated: a) a proliferation of the intrahepatic biliary tree (ductular proliferation, including newly formed ducts with sacculation and diverticuli); b) an increased number of canaliculo-ductular junctions and, c) an increase in the length of the bile canalicular network due to its tortuous course, pocketing and side branching. The occurrence of an intact cytoplasmic barrier separating the bile canalicular lumen from the Disse's space together with the results obtained by retrograde infusion of ferritin into the biliary tree suggested that the regurgitation pathway by ductular reabsorption and by transhepatocytic transport is the best documented and most acceptable, at least in the rat.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Retinal microcirculation as revealed by SEM corrosion casts in the rat.

The morphology of the retinal microcirculation has been extensively studied by different techniques. Nevertheless, some problems concerning the capillary bed lamination and pre- and postcapillary patterns have not yet been clarified. In the present study the SEM corrosion cast technique was employed to study the three-dimensional relationships of rat retinal vessels and to follow the smallest vascular branches. Rat retina is considered a useful experimental model for a number of pathologies which affect the microvascular bed deeply. Two precapillary patterns have been observed. Precapillary arterioles gave rise to capillaries both as terminal branches or as collaterals. The former pattern of ramification allows only a regulation of flow in a whole group of capillaries downstream, the latter pattern could provide a finer regulation of blood flow. SEM corrosion casts have shown very well the lamination of the capillary bed: one can easily realize this by seeing the overlapped meshes of the two different planes, vessels in between the two capillary laminae can always be followed from one meshwork to the other. This three-dimensional organization is an interesting model for retinal circulation because it shows many features in common with the retina of humans and primates.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ochronotic arthropathy: structural and ultrastructural features.

Fragments of articular cartilage and synovial membrane in a case of ochronosis were studied by light microscopy (LM), polarized light, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Granular and/or shard-shaped pigments were observed in the synovia, cartilage, and subchondral tissue, and dispersed pigment was also seen in the synovial fluid. Zones of the articular cartilage surface showed small erosions near shards, and sometimes, when the degenerative process was in an advanced stage, a substitutive fibrosis of the cartilage edge was demonstrated. LM and TEM observations of the samples studied revealed an alteration of collagen fibrils that appeared wavy and sometimes fragmented with loss of periodicity. They were always mixed with the dispersed pigment. A peculiar finding that characterized this ochronotic case was the complete absence of inflammatory infiltrates or signs of monocyte-macrophage activation. These structural and ultrastructural observations suggest that the pigment deposition in the articular surfaces was due to the synovial fluid circulation and partially to subchondral blood flow, which transports and stores the ochronotic pigments in the synovia and cartilage. These etiopathologic elements associated with the mechanical pathogenesis naturally present in the joints can contribute to the explanation of the pathogenesis and origin of ochronotic arthropathy.

Arthritis↗