Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to E Geusens.
A case of pulmonary and esophageal tuberculosis in an 82-year-old female is presented. Esophageal tuberculosis is very rarely seen in Europe and the United States, but the disease is still endemic in India. The major differential diagnosis is esophageal malignancy. Findings that can suggest the diagnosis are tracheo-esophageal fistula formation, enlarged, centrally necrotizing lymph nodes, and a micronodular lung pattern.
Despite the increasing use of MRI in knee disorders, ultrasonography remains the first choice examination technique in para-articular disease. The technique is fast, cheap, easily accessible and usable in the acutely injured patient. The choice of equipment, positioning of the patient and some characteristics of normal anatomy are described. The routine applications of ultrasonography include different types of tendon disease, trauma of the collateral ligaments, bursal pathology, joint effusions and synovitis, evaluation of the popliteal fossa and para-articular swellings. Other possible applications, somewhat more depending on the examiner's experience, are meniscal disease, trauma to the cruciate ligaments and evaluation of the articular cartilage and synovial plicae.
Cervical spinal arteriovenous malformations and fistulas are rare but important entities because they are potentially curable. MRI and angiography are the most useful imaging modalities for the diagnosis. On contrast-enhanced CT imaging, they can mimic a tumor. A case report of cervical spinal arteriovenous malformation, initially believed to be a tumor, is presented.
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We describe a case of mucocele of the appendix, observed incidentally in a 42-year-old man. The plain film, ultrasound and CT features are reviewed. Adequate diagnosis and resection are important because of the risk of rupture and development of pseudomyxoma peritonei.
Cystic lesions of the adrenal gland are rare entities. Pseudocysts account for 40% of all cystic tumors of the adrenal glands, and are a consequence of hemorrhage and degeneration. Clinical signs are aspecific. On US and CT, a well defined large mass with cystic appearance is found. Thickening and irregularity of the cystic wall areas of different attenuation values within the cyst and central calcifications are due to hemorrhage. The more complex pseudocysts should be distinguished from cystic degeneration in adrenal malignancy and from cystic hypernephroma in the renal upper pole.
MRI findings are described in two patients with subdural haematomas isodense on CT. In one patient, admitted 6 weeks after trauma, a chronic subdural haematoma showed extreme hypointensity on T2-weighted images, suggesting acute trauma, and therefore acute rebleeding. In the second patient with severe anaemia, an acute subdural haematoma was hyperintense on T2-weighted images, suggesting chronic trauma; this may be explained by the low haematocrit and a possible mixture of blood with cerebrospinal fluid. The MRI features of subdural haematomas and hygromas have to be kept in mind, in order not to misjudge the age of the haematoma.