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Biomedical subjects

E Gianetta

Publications and source records attributed to E Gianetta.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Automated determination of total nitrogen in urine and feces].

Urine and stool total nitrogen was measured using the Carlo Erba Strumentazione NA 1500 nitrogen analyzer. Determinations were carried out on 10 mcl, 20 mcl and 50 mcl urine samples and on 20-50 mg stool samples. Both urine and stool data distributions were normal, thus indicating the reliability of the method. The NA and the classic Kjeldahl method gave very close results in the same urine specimen; slight and not significant differences were found in stool analysis, most likely caused by the poor homogeneity of the material. Due to the automation, they very short analysis time, the accuracy and the reproducibility of the results, NA 1500 can be used in clinical practice for nitrogen balance studies by direct measurement of losses.

Automation↗
PubMed1986

[Total nitrogen concentration in human liver tissue. Correlations between morphological and microanalytical data].

The degree of hepatic steatosis and percentage total nitrogen content were evaluated simultaneously in a group of obese patients and after bypass surgery for obesity. The straight line relationship between sample weight and gas chromatographic response integrals shows that samples had the same water content. The higher concentration of total nitrogen in patients with higher levels of steatosis and the inverse correlation between degree of adipose infiltration and degree of total nitrogen, when water content is the same, suggest that the total liver parenchyma nitrogen concentration closely reflects the structural protein content.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Evaluation of body composition in obese subjects].

The body composition of 12 obese patients was assessed. The dilution method was used to assess the total areas of sodium and water. Total potassium was measured indirectly using the following formula: total potassium = R X total body water-total body sodium, where R represents the contents in a whole blood sample. Both fat and muscle mass were found to be increased in the obese subjects. Examination of the total sodium/total water ratio and the relationship between weight and muscle mass, cellular mass and total fat showed the dimensional increase was harmonious.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1985

In vivo evaluation of immunological status after biliopancreatic bypass for obesity.

Cell mediated immunity was evaluated in vivo by means of the Multitest system in subjects at least one year after biliopancreatic bypass. Quantitative delayed hypersensitivity values were not significantly different between control, obese and partial biliopancreatic bypass subjects, while they were significantly (P less than 0.001) reduced in subjects who had total biliopancreatic bypass. The results demonstrate that cell-mediated immunity is not affected by partial biliopancreatic bypass, but that on the contrary, a severe immunosuppression follows total biliopancreatic bypass. A positive correlation between serum albumin concentration and Multitest score was found in all the operated patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Bone histomorphometry and vitamin D status after biliopancreatic bypass for obesity.

Bone histomorphometry and vitamin D status were investigated in 41 patients studied 1-5 yr after partial or total biliopancreatic bypass. Metabolic bone disease, characterized by defective mineralization, decreased bone formation rate, and increased surface extent of resorption, was present in 30 patients (73%). Nine patients (22%) were hypocalcemic, but serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were normal in all 41 patients. We conclude that metabolic bone disease is common after biliopancreatic bypass and usually occurs in the absence of simple vitamin D deficiency. The pathogenesis of the bone disease is unclear.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Hair and plasma zinc levels following exclusion of biliopancreatic secretions from functioning gastrointestinal tract in humans.

Pancreatic secretions have been shown to be important in zinc absorption in experimental animals. Recently, complete surgical diversion of biliary and pancreatic secretions from the functioning small intestine has been utilized in Europe to treat morbid obesity. To determine the importance of pancreatic secretions in zinc absorption in the human, we measured hair and serum zinc levels in 14 patients having undergone complete biliopancreatic bypass 12-56 months earlier and compared these values with those obtained from 11 patients subjected to only partial biliopancreatic bypass as well as to six morbidly obese controls. No differences were observed in either hair or serum zinc levels between any of these groups of patients. Pancreatic secretions do not appear to be necessary for adequate zinc absorption in humans.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Nine years' experience with end-to-end arteriovenous fistula at the 'anatomical snuffbox' for maintenance haemodialysis.

One hundred and seventy-seven end-to-end arteriovenous fistulas were created at the 'anatomical snuffbox' between 1 January 1972 and 31 December 1980. The survival rate of the fistulas was 83.1 per cent at 1 year and 46.3 per cent at 6.5 years; 10.2 per cent failed immediately. Local and general complications were virtually absent. Forty fistulas stopped functioning after a period varying from 10 days to 6.5 years following the operation. The main cause of late failure (50 per cent) was aneurysm formation due to repeated needle venepuncture at the same site and subsequent obliteration of the upper venous segment. The end-to-end anastomosis seems to be preferable to other techniques because of the absence of local vascular complications and a lower risk of cardiac embarassment. The 'anatomical snuffbox' site is convenient and spares the proximal vessels for reoperation if necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Behavior of plasma insulin and GIP in obese patients subjected to biliopancreatic bypass].

Biliopancreatic bypass for obesity entails a 2/3 distal gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction, being the small bowel transected at its midpoint and the enteroenteroanastomosis placed 50 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve. Insulin and GIP fasting and meal-stimulated plasma concentrations were determined in 13 nonobese healthy volunteers, in 13 nonoperated obese patients, in 11 subjects within two months, in 12 subjects four to twelve months, and in 7 subjects fifteen to twenty months after operation. Insulin in the obese patients was significantly higher than in the control group. Postoperatively these patients showed a sharp reduction in basal and postprandial values. Plasma insulin levels, both basally and following the test meal, were very similar in the 15-20 month and the control group. Plasma GIP fasting level, meal-stimulated peak and integrated response in the obese group were higher than in control group. Due to the extreme variability among subjects in the obese group, the difference was significant only for the mean peak response. All values were greatly reduced after surgery. The mean fasting level in the 15-20 month group was very similar to that in the control group, and both peak and integrated responses were significantly lower than in the preoperative and control groups.

Fasting↗
PubMed1980

[Behavior of plasma enteroglucagon and neurotensin in obese patients subjected to biliopancreatic bypass].

Biliopancreatic bypass for obesity entails a 2/3 distal gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction, being the small bowel transected at its midpoint and the enteroenteroanastomosis place 50 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve. Neurotensin and enteroglucagon fasting and meal-stimulated plasma concentrations were determined in 13 nonobese healthy volunteers, in 13 nonoperated obese patients, in 11 subjects within two months, in 12 subjects four to twelve months and in 7 subjects fifteen to twenty months after operation. Basal plasma enteroglucagon was significantly higher in the obese group than in the controls. However, there was no difference in the peak response, and a decrease, though not statistically significant, was seen in the integrated response. All three values were strikingly augmented in the 0-2 month group, with a highly significant difference from the preoperative group. The 4-12 and 15-20 month groups, in comparison with the 0-2 month group, showed no changes in fasting levels, a clear-cut decreased peak response and a sharp progressive reduction in integrated response, mean value in the 15-20 month group being significantly lower than that of 0-2 month group. Neurotensin basal and meal-stimulated peak plasma concentrations in the obese group were significantly higher than in the control group, whilst the integrated response was almost identical in the two groups. In postoperative groups no substantial changes in fasting levels and an increase in the peak response were observed, with a considerable progressive rise in the integrated response.

Fasting↗
PubMed1980

[Behavior of plasma pancreatic polypeptides and motilin in obese patients subjected to biliopancreatic bypass].

Biliopancreatic bypass for obesity entails a 2/3 distal gastrectomy with Roux-en-y reconstruction, being the small bowel transected at its midpoint and the enteroenteroanastomosis placed 50 cm proximal to the ileocecal value. Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and motilin fasting and meal-stimulated plasma concentrations were determined in 13 nonobese healthy volunteers, in 13 nonoperated obese patients, in 9 subjects within two months, in 12 subjects four to twelve months, and in 7 subjects fifteen to twenty months after operation. There were no significant differences in PP fasting levels between either the obese and control groups or between the postoperative groups and the preoperative group. Both meal-stimulated peak and integrated response values were similar in the obese and control groups, and were strikingly and progressively reduced postoperatively, with statistically significant difference between all postoperative groups and preoperative group. Mean plasma motilin fasting and peak values were higher in the obese group than in the control group, and significantly reduced in the 4-12 and 15-20 month group. Despite the huge variability among data, the integrated response in the 0-2 month group was significantly decreased in comparison with the preoperative group, while a subsequent progressive increase was shown by the 4-12 and 15-20 month groups.

Fasting↗
PubMed1980

[Behavior of plasma gastrin in obese subjects subjected to biliopancreatic bypass].

Biliopancreatic bypass for obesity entails a 2/3 distal gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction, small bowel being transected at its midpoint and the enteroenterostomy placed 50 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve. Plasma fasting and meal-stimulated gastrin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay in 13 nonobese healthy volunteers, 13 pre-surgery obese patients, 11 patients within two months, 12 patients between four and twelve months and 7 patients between fifteen and twenty months after operation. There were no significant differences in fasting and meal-stimulated peak plasma gastrin levels between obese group and the control group and between any of the postoperative groups and the preoperative group. The 15-20 month post-surgery group mean fasting value was lower than in the other groups, whilst the mean peak value was unchanged. Integrated gastrin response was significantly higher in this group than in the preoperative group.

Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures↗