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Biomedical subjects

E Glazer

Publications and source records attributed to E Glazer.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Influence of graded changes in vasomotor tone on the carotid arterial mechanics in live spontaneously hypertensive rats.

1. The contribution of vasomotor tone to the increased stiffness of carotid arteries in living spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) is largely unknown. Whether a reduced vascular tone is associated with an increase or a decrease in arterial stiffness in vivo remains to be determined. The goal of the present investigation was to show that a decrease in vascular tone is associated with a decrease in arterial stiffness, independent of the structural composition of the arterial wall. 2. New high resolution echo-tracking techniques were used to evaluate pulsatile changes of carotid blood pressure and diameter following transient and graded changes of vasomotor tone produced by the dihydropyridine derivative, isradipine. Treatment for 8 weeks was given to groups of SHR rats either with a low (0.6 kg day-1) or a high (2.6 mg kg-1 day-1) dose. Another SHR group received an acute dose of 2.6 mg kg-1 day-1. Results were compared to those of placebo-treated Wystar-Kyoto (WKY) and SHR rats. Whatever the dosage, acute or chronic calcium blockade caused a decrease in blood pressure which was maximal 1 h after administration and disappeared after the 16th h. Carotid arterial thickness and the composition of the arterial wall was determined from histomorphometry. 3. In placebo-treated SHR, the inverse relationship relating blood pressure to carotid arterial distensibility was significantly shifted toward higher values of blood pressure compared to the curve of normotensive placebo-treated WKY rats. The curve of SHR receiving chronically a non antihypertensive (0.6 mg kg-1 day-1) isradipine dose prolonged that of placebo-treated SHR toward lower values of blood pressure, so that carotid distensibility was significantly higher than in WKY for the same diameter and blood pressure level (145 mmHg). With administration of a chronic antihypertensive dose (2.6 mg kg-1 day-1) causing a significant decrease in arterial function. Acute antihypertensive calcium blockade with a single isradipine dose (2.6 mg kg-1 day-1) caused a similar shift in the pressure-distensibility curve toward the WKY curve although the histomorphometric composition of the arterial wall differed significantly from that of chronically treated animals. 4. The study provides evidence that, in living SHR submitted to calcium blockade, (i) a low dose of isradipine causing no substantial antihypertensive effect is associated with a significant elevation of carotid arterial distensibility for the same pressure and diameter as normotensive controls, and (ii) an acute or chronic dose causing a substantial antihypertensive effect is associated with a transient shift of the SHR distensibility-pressure curve toward a physiological arterial function, increasing carotid distensibility for the same pressure and diameter as WKY controls. Since such findings were observed independently of the histomorphometric composition of the arterial wall, they imply that the transient decrease in arterial stiffness produced by calcium blockade should involve specific changes in the connections between arterial smooth muscle and extracellular matrix.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Complex processing and protein:protein interactions in the E2:NS2 region of HCV.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV), the principal cause of parenteral non-A, non-B hepatitis, is an RNA virus and a member of the Flaviviridae family. Its genome is translated into a single polyprotein that is processed co- and post-translationally into both structural and nonstructural (NS) proteins. There are three putative structural proteins, consisting of the nucleocapsid protein and two envelope glycoproteins, E1 and E2. Analysis of transient transfections of serially extended templates covering the E2/NS2 region provided evidence for three E2 species with distinct C-termini. One form is E2 terminating at amino acid 729, while the larger two species represent fusions with the downstream NS2A and NS2A/NS2B proteins terminating at amino acids 809 and 1026, respectively. Using the same E2 templates, we defined a region of E2 important for co-immunoprecipitation of E1 and observed that this region also prevents E2 secretion. The N-terminus of NS2B was determined by radiosequencing and a novel association of NS2B and probable NS4B with E2 was observed; the regions of NS2B and E2 important for this association have been mapped. These data indicate that complex processing and protein:protein interactions occur during HCV morphogenesis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Expression, identification and subcellular localization of the proteins encoded by the hepatitis C viral genome.

We have expressed the full-length coding region and selected domains of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) cDNA in mammalian cells by transfection. Using HCV antibody-positive human sera and monospecific antibodies the proteins encoded by the putative structural and non-structural regions of the open reading frame of HCV were identified as core (p22), E1 (gp32-35), E2 (gp68-72), NS2 (p23), NS3 (p72), NS4a and b (p10 and p27) and NS5a and b (p56 and p70). We have also defined the subcellular localizations of the HCV proteins using indirect immunofluorescence assays.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

The value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.

The charts of 103 children with a clinically and surgically confirmed diagnosis of congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis were retrospectively reviewed. We found a significant correlation between sonographic and surgical measurements of the muscular thickness of the pylorus (r = .987, P < .001). In 73.7% (76 cases), the clinical picture of gastric outlet obstruction was present when the thickness of the enlarged pyloric muscle was 3.0 mm or more. In 26.3% (27 cases), the pyloric muscle was less than 3.0 mm wide. For 10 patients in whom the muscle width was less than 2.5 mm by sonography, a barium meal was necessary to confirm the diagnosis. The width of the pyloric muscle is the most important factor in the sonographic diagnosis of pyloric stenosis, and even a width of less than 3.0 mm may be associated with clinically significant obstruction.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Comparisons of diet and biochemical characteristics of stool and urine between Chinese populations with low and high colorectal cancer rates.

In an investigation of the roles of diet and stool biochemistry in human colorectal carcinogenesis, 24-hour food, urine, and stool samples were collected from randomly selected participants from two populations with a fourfold difference in colorectal cancer risk: Chinese in Sha Giao, People's Republic of China (low risk), and Chinese-Americans of similar ages in San Francisco County, Calif, in the United States (high risk). The findings supported the hypotheses that colorectal cancer risk is increased by the consumption of high-fat, high-protein, and low-carbohydrate diets and is associated with high levels of cholesterol in stool as well as increased daily outputs of 3-methyl-histidine and malonaldehyde in urine. However, risk does not increase with low stool bulk and low total stool fibers.

China↗
PubMed1984

Statistical association between cancer incidence and major-cause mortality, and estimated residential exposure to air emissions from petroleum and chemical plants.

An ecologic study design was used to investigate the relationship between exposure to air emissions produced by the petroleum and chemical industries, and average annual cancer incidence and major cause mortality rates among whites in Contra Costa County, California. Estimates for the exposure to major industrial sources of sulfur dioxide, hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen were used to subdivide the county by level of exposure to petroleum refinery and chemical plant emissions. Cancer incidence and major cause mortality rates were then calculated for whites in each of the exposure areas. In both males and females, residential exposure to petroleum and chemical air emissions was associated with an increased incidence of cancer of the buccal cavity and pharynx. In males, age-adjusted incidence rates for cancers of the stomach, lung, prostate and kidney and urinary organs were also associated with petroleum and chemical plant air emission exposures. In both sexes, we found a strong positive association between degree of residential exposure and death rates from cardiovascular disease and cancer, and a less strong positive association between exposure and death rates from cerebrovascular disease. There was also a positive association in men for deaths from cirrhosis of the liver. Although these observed associations occurred across areas of similar socioeconomic and broad occupational class, confounding variables and the "ecologic fallacy" must be considered as possible explanations. In particular, the stronger findings in men suggest an occupational explanation of the cancer incidence trends, and the effect observed in cirrhosis mortality suggests that lifestyle variables such as alcohol consumption were not adequately controlled for. While the public health implications of our findings remain unclear, the evidence presented is sufficient to warrant follow-up studies based on individual data in which possible biases can be more readily controlled.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1980

Recovery of substance P in the cat spinal cord after unilateral lumbosacral deafferentation.

Changes in substance P in the cat spinal cord after deafferentation of the hindlimb were investigated using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. Unilateral lumbosacral dorsal root section (L1-S3) is followed by a decrease in dorsal horn (laminae I, II and V) substance P reaction product which is most marked at 10-11 days. There is no observable change in the ventral horn. The 13 or 15 day survivors demonstrate an increase over that seen at 10-11 days, and still greater amounts appear in the dorsal horn of 1 month survivors. After 1 month there is little further observable increase. The location of the returned reaction product resembles that of normals, but differs in its staining characteristics. Substance P containing cell bodies are observed in normal animals and on intact and deafferented sides of experimentals, suggesting that interneurons and propriospinal fibers may be a source of the returning substance P reaction product. The decrease in dorsal horn substance P at short times after rhizotomy followed by an increase at longer times is consistent with axonal sprouting. If so, then the time course of sprouting parallels that of locomotor recovery and supports the hypothesis that the two phenomena are related.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1980

Cause-specific mortality among newspaper web pressmen.

A mortality study of 1,361 newspaper web pressmen who were members of the Los Angeles Pressmen's Union for at least one year -- between 1949 and 1965 -- was conducted. Vital status as of December 31, 1978, was determined for 1,261 (91%), and death certificates were obtained for 344 of the 354 decedents. Using a modified life-table technique, cause-specific mortality among the pressmen was compared to that in the United States white male population. Overall mortality was similar to that expected. Analysis of the cancer mortality by site showed no significant differences between observed and expected except for leukemia (7 observed vs. 2.8 expected) and kidney cancer (5 observed vs. 1.6 expected). A significant excess of deaths due to cirrhosis of the liver (17 observed vs. 8.3 expected) was also observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Telemedicine in pediatric primary care. Favorable experience in nurse-staffed inner-city clinic.

Off-site pediatric consultation via bidirectional cable television (TV) was instituted to provide backup for nurse practitioners treating sick and well children in a small primary-care clinic. During a year of study of the system, there were 2,161 clinic visits and 285 TV consultations. When both TV and telephone consultation were available, TV was used for 10.8% of the visits, and telephone was used for 9.6% of visits. Staff reactions, though initially skeptical, were ultimately favorable. The system allowed pediatric nurse practitioners to function without on-site physician coverage 40% of the time. The main disadvantages were technical. Further work is needed to assess the reliability and validity of TV consultation and its acceptability in other settings.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1975

Effects of training on dynamic stereo acuity performancy by males and females.

Dynamic stereo acuity thresholds were obtained for 30 male and female Ss at speeds of rotation of 120 degrees/sec. after pretraining at either O degree, 60 degrees, or 120 degrees/sec. Under conditions of no pretraining females showed significantly larger discrimination errors than males. Pretraining, however, resulted in comparable threshold performance between males and females. Socio-cultural factors responsible for these differences are suggested.

Depth Perception↗