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Biomedical subjects

E Gold

Publications and source records attributed to E Gold.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Effects of dietary sodium chloride loading on parathyroid function, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, calcium balance, and bone metabolism in female rats during chronic prednisolone administration.

The effects of dietary sodium chloride supplements (8 g/100 g diet) on parathyroid function, serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D], calcium balance, bone metabolism, and bone composition were studied in rats treated with prednisolone (2 mg/kg w X day) for 12 weeks. Animals on a low calcium diet (0.1% Ca) received the following treatments: group 1, control; group 2, NaCl; group 3, prednisolone; group 4, NaCl plus prednisolone. Parathyroid function was assessed indirectly from urinary cAMP excretion: bone resorption was estimated by studying urinary hydroxyproline excretion and mobilization of 45Ca from bone. Dietary salt loading increased the urinary excretion of calcium, 45Ca, cAMP, and hydroxyproline and raised serum 1,25-(OH)2D and net calcium absorption, but lowered calcium retention, femoral calcium, and total body calcium. Prednisolone slowed body growth and lowered net calcium absorption, calcium retention, femoral calcium, and total body calcium. Urinary calcium excretion was higher in rats receiving salt and prednisolone in combination than in animals taking salt without prednisolone, but other responses to salt and prednisolone were independent. Thus, salt and prednisolone each elicit osteopenia, and salt causes bone loss in rats receiving prednisolone. The osteopenic effect of salt is attributed to primary augmentation of urinary calcium excretion and secondary increases in PTH-medicated bone resorption. Although salt-treated rats have higher blood levels of 1,25-(OH)2D, bone loss occurs because alimentary calcium absorption is not elevated sufficiently to offset urinary calcium losses. Prednisolone lowers bone formation and net calcium absorption without lowering serum 1,25-(OH)2D values. The parathyroid-vitamin D axis remains intact in prednisolone-treated rats, as they show increases in PTH and 1,25-(OH)2D after salt treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Prediction of outcome in inpatient alcoholics.

This study used clinical data that was gathered at intake to predict the 1-year outcome after treatment for 464 men alcoholics. Multiple stepwise regressions were applied to the total sample and subgroups with primary alcoholism (N = 374), primary drug misuse (N = 55) or primary antisocial personality disorder (N = 35) in order to evaluate the degree to which combinations of intake variables could explain the variance on the two different outcome measures. R2 values were generally low (7-25% of variance explained) and were reduced even further when validation and cross-validation procedures were applied to the larger subgroups. Outcome, as measured by abstention, tended to be more poorly predicted than outcome using the more complex Clinical Outcome Score (COS). The results indicate that it may be important for future studies to clearly identify primary diagnoses and specific measures of outcome, and look for other, perhaps more subtle, measurable factors at intake which may better correlate with short-term treatment results.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A prospective study of maternal cytomegalovirus infection and its effect on the fetus.

In order to define the effects of maternal cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy and to identify risk factors associated with delivery of a cytomegalovirus-infected infant, a cohort of 1089 adolescents were prospectively evaluated during pregnancy. One hundred twenty-four subjects (11.4%) manifested cytomegaloviruria during pregnancy. Primary cytomegalovirus infection, defined virologically and serologically, occurred in three subjects. Infants of 119 cytomegalovirus-excreting mothers were cultured at birth, with detection of 12 congenital infections (10%), including one infant delivered of a mother with a third-trimester primary infection. A high titer of urinary virus or a fourfold or greater increase in antibody during the third trimester was significantly associated with delivery of a congenitally infected infant. All maternal and infant infections were asymptomatic. None of the congenitally infected infants manifested adverse effects during the first year of life. Our data demonstrate that pregnant women with cytomegaloviruria are at increased risk of being delivered of congenitally infected infants, particularly if active infection occurs late in pregnancy. If the maternal infection represents reactivation, overall probability of a poor fetal outcome is low.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Granulocytic sarcoma. A new finding in the setting of preleukemia.

Preleukemia is a well-defined syndrome of hematopoietic dysfunction that may antedate the development of acute myelogenous leukemia. Granulocytic sarcoma refers to neoplastic infiltration in the skin, composed of immature cells of the granulocyte series. We report two cases of granulocytic sarcoma in the setting of preleukemia. The clinical importance of these cases, as well as the cutaneous manifestations of leukemia and the clinical spectrum of granulocytic sarcoma, are presented.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Postnatally acquired cytomegalovirus infections in infants of CMV-excreting mothers.

A prospective study of cytomegalovirus-excreting pregnant women allowed us to identify a group of infants at high risk of acquiring CMV infection. Eighty-one infants free of CMV infection at birth were observed during the first year of life. Twenty-one became infected with CMV; 16 (76%) of these were detected within the first 14 weeks of life. Placental cultures from two of the 21 infants were CMV positive. The geometric mean cord blood antibody titers of postnatally infected and uninfected infants did not differ significantly. Clinical symptoms, including hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, or pneumonia, occurred in association with CMV infection in seven infants. Postnatally acquired CMV infections can be symptomatic, and by virtue of their prevalence, constitute an important health problem.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Congenital and postnatally acquired cytomegalovirus infections: long-term follow-up.

To determine long-term outcome of children with inapparent congenital cytomegalovirus infection, an assessment of congenitally infected children observed since birth was undertaken. Children with early postnatal acquisition of CMV infection were also evaluated. Cognitive, behavioral, neurologic, audiometric, and speech and language evaluations were performed in 48 patients, including 17 congenitally infected children, 10 children with postnatal infection, and 21 uninfected control subjects. Mean IQ of the three groups of children did not differ significantly. Behavioral, neurologic, speech and language examinations similarly failed to distinguish differences among the three groups. Audiologic abnormalities were present in four congenitally infected children, including one child with a severe unilateral sensorineural loss; in none of the children was hearing loss functionally significant. No hearing abnormalities were detected in postnatally infected children. Although inapparent CMV infection can result in audiologic sequelae, the continued lack of cognitive, behavioral, and neurologic sequelae in these school-age children reemphasizes the need to focus attention on prevention of primary maternal CMV infection to avoid the potentially devastating effects of intrauterine CMV infection.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1984

Primary cytomegalovirus infection in adolescent pregnancy.

In a prospective study of 3,253 pregnant adolescents, 1,404 were seronegative for cytomegalovirus (CMV). Specimen collection at each antenatal visit, including urine for viral culture and serum for complement-fixing antibody, allowed definition of primary CMV infection in 14 subjects (1%). Seven of 14 subjects delivered congenitally infected infants, including 5/7 subjects with third trimester infections, and 2/5 subjects with second trimester infections. The single mother with a first trimester infection delivered an uninfected infant, despite recurrent maternal viremia. The mean birth weight of congenitally infected infants did not differ significantly from the mean birth weight of uninfected infants. None of the infants had stigmata of cytomegalic inclusion disease. One infected infant died suddenly at 6 weeks of age from pneumonia. Follow-up examinations of the six living children failed to detect cognitive, behavioral, or audiologic sequelae. These data demonstrate that primary maternal CMV infection occurs in 1% of susceptible women and is associated with a 50% risk of intrauterine infection. Fetal infection, particularly if it occurs late in pregnancy, is not invariably accompanied by fetal damage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Restoration of responsiveness of chronic myeloid leukemia granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells to growth regulation in vitro following preincubation with prostaglandin E.

The ability to modulate granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming unit (CFU-GM) Ia-antigen expression and response to growth inhibition in vitro was investigated in normals and patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The hyporesponsiveness of CML CFU-GM to inhibition by prostaglandin E and acidic isoferritins in vitro and their associated diminished capacity for Ia-antigen expression could be reversed following suspension culture of bone marrow cells in the presence of prostaglandin E prior to soft agar culture. Suspension preculture with prostaglandin E for 24 hr resulted in the detection of a population of CFU-GM that were equivalent to normal CFU-GM in both response to inhibition by prostaglandin E and acid isoferritins and in their pattern of Ia-antigen expression. Cytogenetic analysis of the progeny of CFU-GM proliferating in cultures established from marrow cells, cultured directly upon isolation or following suspension culture in the absence or presence of prostaglandin E for 24 hr, indicated that the responding cell population belonged to the Ph1-positive leukemic clone. Antigen detection on these CFU-GM resulted both from Ia-antigen reexpression and the induction of noncycling cells into S-phase with coincident expression of Ia-antigens. These studies provide further evidence for a direct regulatory association between Ia-antigen and control of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cell proliferation, offer a possible explanation for the disordered regulatory responses observed in patients with CML, and indicate that abnormal growth phenotypes can be modulated, at least in vitro.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1981

The belittled wife: social, legal and psychotherapeutic considerations.

Forty years ago Horney and Thompson each wrote about the inferior role of women in marriage based on sociocultural situations. The present day message of equality has had variable effects with the result that many women complain of the belittling opinions and actions of their male partners when they attempt to become self-assertive. Equality in marriage in Canada is more established in law than socially today. Dual career marriages often illustrate this dichotomy as the husband's career takes precedence over that of the wife. The therapist plays an important role in the resolution of the ambivalent feelings of both partners.

Canada↗
PubMed1979

Risk factors for brain tumors in children.

An exploratory case-control study was conducted in 15 hospitals in the Baltimore, MD, SMSA of possible etiologic factors associated with brain tumors in children. Eighty-four children with brain tumors were compared to normal children and to children with other malignancies. Parents of these children were interviewed about a variety of possible etiologic factors. The findings included: 1) children with brain tumors as well as children with other cancers had a greater tendency than normal children to have been first births and to have had higher birth weights; 2) more children with brain tumors had a sibling with epilepsy or seizures than did normal children, and several of the mothers of children with brain tumors had themselves had epilepsy or a stroke at a relatively young age; 3) there were no significant differences between the groups with regard to several maternal characteristics, including smoking during pregnancy and prior radiation exposure; 4) more children with brain tumors and children with other cancers were found to have had exposures to insecticides than had normal children; 5) fewer children with brain tumors or with other cancers were reported to have had tonsillectomies than normal children; and 6) more of the children with brain tumors as well as the children with other malignancies were reported to have been exposed to farm animals and to sick pets. This exploratory study is one of the first case-control studies of the epidemiology of brain tumors in children, and the results suggest directions for future epidemiologic studies in this relatively uncharted field.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Increased risk of brain tumors in children exposed to barbiturates.

The possible etiologic role of barbiturates in the development of brain tumors in children was examined. Interviews were conducted with mothers of children with brain tumors and results compared with those from interviews with mothers of normal children and mothers of children with other cancers. Mothers of children with brain tumors more frequently reported having used barbiturates during their pregnancy with the index child than did mothers of normal children or mothers of children with other cancers. In addition, more children with brain tumors were reported to have used barbiturates than were normal children or children with other malignant diseases, with most of such uses appearing to be unrelated to symptoms resulting from the brain tumor itself. The results suggested that barbiturates may play an etiologic role, and it is estimated that as many as 8% of brain tumors in children may be attributable to use of barbiturates either by the child or prenatally by the mother.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Cell cycle dependent exposure of a high molecular weight protein on the surface of mouse L cells.

The non-penetrating lactoperoxidase iodination probe has been employed in conjunction with synchronously dividing populations of mouse L cells to identify a high molecular weight protein is preferentially exposed on the L cell surface during G1 phase of the cell cycle. Progression of cells from G1 to S is accompanied by a marked decrease in tha availability of this structure, called band 1, to lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination and it remains unavailable until cells re-enter G1. It is suggested that the band 1 polypeptide may be functionally involved in the regulation of L cell growth.

Animals↗