To examine the ability of tamoxifen (TAM) to conserve bone in the estrogen-deficient ovariectomized (OVX) rat in the presence and absence of parathyroid hormone (PTH) six groups of rats with 45Ca-labeled bones were studied for 12 weeks. Rats were OVX, parathyroidectomized (PTX), or given sham operations and treated with TAM (10 mg/kg body wt./wk subcutaneously) or TAM-vehicle. Treatments were: group 1 = Sham-OVX; group 2 = Sham-OVX + TAM; group 3 = OVX; group 4 = OVX + TAM; group 5 = OVX + PTX; and group 6 = OVX + PTX + TAM. To monitor bone resorption serial measurements of urinary hydroxyproline and 45Ca excretion were made during the study. Ovariectomy raised these markers of bone breakdown and caused significant osteopenia, whereas TAM prevented ovariectomy increasing urinary hydroxyproline or 45Ca and conserved bone. Final total body calcium values (TBCa) in groups 1-6, respectively, were (mg +/- SD): 3240 +/- 300; 3260 +/- 289; 2750 +/- 231; 3212 +/- 312; 2742 +/- 199; and 3387 +/- 252. Thus ovariectomy reduced TBCa similarly in the presence and absence of the parathyroids (p < 0.001). In contrast TAM fully protected both PT-intact and PTX rats from the osteopenic effect of ovariectomy, despite the fact that PTX rats had a lower rate of bone turnover than PT-intact rats. However, TAM-treated OVX rats had shorter femora than OVX rats given TAM-vehicle, suggesting that TAM suppresses growth of the long bones to some degree in estrogen-deficient animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Acquisition of cytomegalovirus infection in infants following exchange transfusion: a prospective study.

A prospective study of newborn infants who required exchange transfusion was undertaken to evaluate the risk of transmission of cytomegalovirus (CMV). Buffy coat-, urine- and saliva-saturated throat swabs for viral cultures and serum specimens for CMV complement-fixing (CF) antibody were obtained from 45 infant-mother pairs. Buffy coat from the donor blood was cultured and CMV CF titers measured. Viral studies were repeated on infants and mothers at six and 12 weeks after exchange transfusion. Fifteen infants received CMV seropositive blood and 14 infants received CMV seronegative blood. Sixteen infants who did not receive blood or blood products served as controls. Three of 12 antibody-positive newborns developed infection after getting seropositive blood. One of three antibody-negative newborns developed infection after getting seropositive blood. The presence of transplacental antibody does not appear to protect the infants. None of the control infants developed CMV infection. None of the infected infants were symptomatic. Although CMV infection in infancy can be acquired by routes other than blood, exchange transfusion with seropositive blood enhances the likelihood of acquiring infection.

ABO Blood-Group System↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of sequential combined oral 17beta-estradiol norethisterone acetate on insulin sensitivity and body composition in healthy postmenopausal women: a randomized single blind placebo-controlled study.

OBJECTIVE: The androgenic effect of progestogen, necessary in early postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT), may adversely affect insulin sensitivity as well as body fat distribution and thereby increase the cardiovascular risk profile. The impact of HRT with sequential combined oral 17beta-estradiol and norethisterone acetate on insulin sensitivity and body composition in early menopause has not been studied. DESIGN: A randomized single blind placebo-controlled 6-month study of sequential combined 17beta-estradiol norethisterone acetate on insulin sensitivity and body composition was carried out. Thirty fit healthy postmenopausal women were enrolled and completed this 6-month study. Body composition was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scanning, and insulin sensitivity was measured using the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. Studies were undertaken at baseline and after 6 months of therapy. The studies were performed during the estrogen-only phase of therapy. RESULTS: All women demonstrated a degree of decreased insulin sensitivity that was not modified by 6 months of hormone replacement therapy. Body composition remained unchanged over 6 months. There was no alteration in total body fat or the distribution of body fat. The percentage of central abdominal fat (android) was not altered. CONCLUSION: Six months of HRT with sequential combined oral 17beta-estradiol norethisterone acetate does not have an adverse effect on insulin sensitivity and does not promote an increase in weight or the more android distribution of body fat, which could contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk profile that is evident in postmenopausal women.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Reactions of anti-Gm(f) sera.

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Agglutination Tests↗