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Biomedical subjects

E Goldblatt

Publications and source records attributed to E Goldblatt.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Use of a live attenuated varicella vaccine to boost varicella-specific immune responses in seropositive people 55 years of age and older: duration of booster effect.

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)-specific T cell immunity was measured in 130 persons > or = 55 years of age 6 years after they received a live attenuated VZV vaccine. Circulating T cells, which proliferated in vitro in response to VZV antigen, were enumerated (VZV responder cell frequency assay). Six years after the booster vaccination, the VZV-responding cell frequency (1/61,000 circulating cells) was still significantly (P < .05) improved over the baseline measurements (1/70,000) and appears to have diminished the expected decline in frequency as these vaccinees aged (to 1/86,000). Ten herpes-zoster--like clinical events were recorded. Although the frequency of these events, approximately 1/100 patient-years, is within the expected range of such events for this age cohort, the number of lesions was small, there was very little pain, and there was no postherpetic neuralgia. These results support the development of a vaccine to prevent or attenuate herpes zoster.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Blood pressure in schoolchildren measured under standardized conditions.

The blood pressures of 6346 children who were between the ages of seven and 17 years were measured under standardized conditions. Blood pressures were similar in prepubertal boys and girls. After puberty, the systolic blood pressures of the girls remained unchanged whereas those of the boys continued to rise. The difference between the fourth and fifth Korotkoff sounds was 2 mm at both the 50th and 95th percentiles. The systolic blood pressure was observed to fall over a 10-min period by 4-9 mmHg at the 50th percentile and 9-15 mmHg at the 95th percentile. Over the same period of time, the diastolic blood pressure was seen to fall by 2-3 mmHg and 3-6 mmHg at the 50th and 95th percentiles, respectively. There was no further fall in blood pressure after 10 min. The conditions and timing of measurement are important in blood-pressure evaluation and may explain the differences in blood pressure that have been reported for different populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Dopamine pharmacokinetics in critically ill newborn infants.

To compare clinical responses with plasma concentrations of dopamine and to compare dopamine pharmacokinetics in infants of different gestational age or clinical condition, dopamine was administered under carefully controlled conditions of dose and rate of infusion. The dose was increased stepwise from 1 to 2, to 2 to 4, and 4 to 8 micrograms/kg/min. Plasma concentrations of catecholamines, including dopamine, were compared with blood pressure, heart rate, and Doppler cardiac output. The data were analyzed to determine the threshold or minimal plasma concentration of dopamine necessary to produce discernible effects. Plasma clearance rate was calculated from steady-state plasma concentrations. The average threshold for increases in mean arterial pressure was 50% below that for increases in heart rate. Improvements in arterial pressure were noted before and at lower thresholds than for increases in heart rate. Serial echocardiographic data showed dose-dependent increases in cardiac output and stroke volume without significant change in heart rate or systemic vascular resistance. Thresholds and plasma clearance values were similar in infants of gestational age 27 to 42 weeks and birth weights 900 to 4300 g. Administration of dopamine at initial dosages lower than commonly recommended, followed by incremental increase in dose, may be associated with improved left ventricular performance with avoidance of undesirable tachycardia and arrhythmias.

Dopamine↗
PubMed1984

A non-invasive study of the third heart sound in children by phono and echo-cardiography.

There has been in the past and still is controversy over the genesis of the third heart sound (S3). Recent studies, however, strongly suggest that S3 is a manifestation of a sudden intrinsic limitation in the expansion of the L.V. The present study has aimed to explore that hypothesis further, using a spectral analysis technique. A FFT technique was used to determine the spectral distribution of S3 in 14 child subjects between the ages of 2 and 19 years. Spectral energies in 15 Hz frequency bandwidths were correlated with various 2D-echocardiographically derived parameters. This study has shown that the spectral energy of S3 is distributed in the lower frequency bands. Fifty percent (47 +/- 16%) is distributed in the 0-15 Hz band. Also it was found that: (i) as mitral orifice size increases, energy in the 0-15 Hz band of S3 decreases. (r = -0.53, p less than 0.05), (ii) S3 occurs earlier in the cardiac cycle with increase in age of the subject. (r = -0.76, p less than 0.005), (iii) the energy distribution of S3 tends towards the higher frequencies with increase in age. (r = 0.52, p less than 0.05). Further, the above results support the hypothesis that S3 is the result of an intrinsic limitation to the expansion of the L.V. due to an early diastolic pressure rise caused by an increased viscoelasticity of the myocardium. This, and the relation of the results in certain pathologies are also discussed.

Cardiac Volume↗
PubMed1984

Single-trunk anomalous origin of both coronary arteries from the pulmonary artery. Diagnosis and surgical management.

The cases of two infants with heart failure and myocardial infarction because of single-trunk anomalous origin of both coronary arteries from the pulmonary artery are reported. Electrocardiography and thallium 201 imaging indicated preoperative myocardial infarction. The diagnosis was confirmed by cardiac catheterization and angiography in each case. To our knowledge these are the first reports of this diagnosis being made during life prior to attempts at surgical correction. Both patients underwent cardiac operations and the operative techniques used are described. Corrective operations for this abnormality have not been attempted previously. At autopsy radiopaque contrast material injected into the aorta confirmed flow from the aorta to the coronary arteries.

Cardiac Catheterization↗
PubMed1983

A study of orifice shape effects in the determination of mitral valve area by two-dimensional echocardiography.

Real-time two-dimensional echocardiographic studies of the mitral valve in short-axis view were obtained from 10 normal subjects. Stop-action frames of the video-taped echocardiograms were then photographed to obtain diastolic cross-sectional images of the valve at maximal opening. Tracings from the interior of the leaflet echoes were then digitized to provide the perimeter and area of the mitral orifice. From the perimetric data, boundary integration was used to numerically calculate the orifice area corresponding to an elliptical boundary, for aspect ratios ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 (circle). It was found that the mean orifice areas determined echocardiographically and numerically are equal for an aspect ratio of 0.42. For aspect ratios greater than this value, the elliptical areas are larger, while for smaller aspect ratios, the elliptical areas are smaller.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Quantitative radionuclide angiocardiography for left-to-right cardiac shunts in children.

Pulmonary to systemic flow ratios (Qp/Qs) were estimated by quantitative radionuclide angiocardiography (QRAC) in 135 children. The Qp/Qs ratios were derived from pulmonary time/activity curves using a gamma variate model. Eighty-five of these children also had Qp/Qs ratios estimated by oximetry at cardiac catheterization. Left-to-right shunts with a Qp/Qs range of 1.2 to 3.0 were detected and quantitated by radionuclide angiography with an accuracy similar to that for oximetry. The correlation between Qp/Qs, determined by QRAC and by oximetry was good (r = .93; SEE .31). This relatively noninvasive technique has now been used to estimate the Qp/Qs ratio in 34 children with a clinically suspected left-to-right shunt, and postoperatively in 16 cases with residual murmurs; it has obviated the need for catheterization in many of these patients. The technique may also be used serially to determine changes in the Qp/Qs ratio in patients with known left-to-right shunts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The progression of Duchenne muscular dystrophy: clinical trial of allopurinol therapy.

A 12-month clinical study of Duchenne muscular dystrophy was carried out during a double-blind trial of allopurinol therapy. The disease was monitored by assessment of muscle power and function, pulmonary function tests, and electrocardiography. Biochemical assessments were made of plasma creatine kinase, pyruvate kinase, uric acid, and urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine and creatinine. Allopurinol did not alter the progression of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

A large kindred with an INV(3)(p25q23): clinical, cytogenetic and genetic marker studies.

A large kindred in which an inv(3)(p25q23) is segregating is described. At least two malformed children with the recombinant chromosome rec(3)dup(q23 leads to qter)del(p25 leads to pter) have been produced, both of whom have the characteristic trisomy 3q syndrome. Genetic marker studies showed that Pl and GM are not linked to the inversion break points. The Pl-GM linkage group has been excluded from much of chromosome 3 by deletion mapping and linkage analysis of this kindred.

Chromosome Aberrations↗