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Biomedical subjects

E Goldschmidt

Publications and source records attributed to E Goldschmidt.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Myopia in humans: can progression be arrested?

The multiplicity of theories regarding the aetiology of myopia has led to numerous and partly contradictory methods of therapy. Interest has been focused on accommodation because of the established association between myopia and close work. In studies of drug treatment of myopia, the treatment is often reported to be effective but the lack of randomization and high drop-out rates make the results questionable. In the Soviet Union, scleral reinforcement is said to be highly successful. Bifocal spectacle lenses reduce the accommodative demand, but studies on the effect of bifocal lenses have shown widely varying results. Whether contact lenses are effective in the control of myopia is still uncertain. In a Danish prospective study on the effect of treatment with bifocal lenses and beta-blocker eye drops a lower rate of progression was found among children wearing bifocal lenses but the difference from the control group was too small to warrant the use of such lenses in every myopic child. The progression rate in the group treated with the beta-blocker timolol maleate was not different from that in the control group. There thus seems to be no simple way of stopping or reducing the progression of myopia. Epidemiological data indicate that the maximum incidences of myopia are associated with educational systems in which the demands on the ability of the child to learn are stringent. One might introduce the term 'ocular stress' but this is clearly difficult to define and even more difficult to measure.

Contact Lenses↗
PubMed1989

Glaucoma prevalence in the Nordic countries. Estimates based on glaucoma drug consumption.

Glaucoma prevalences in the 5 Nordic countries are estimated on basis of a) wholesale of glaucoma medicaments (Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) and b) registered glaucoma patients receiving free medication (Finland). Prevalences are compared nationally and internationally. The estimated glaucoma prevalence is highest in Norway (2.19% related to the population greater than 40 years), lowest in Denmark (0.76% in the same age group). The prevalence in Iceland, Finland, and Sweden are 2.0, 1.94, and 1.55%, respectively. We suggest that the relatively large differences in glaucoma prevalence between the countries may be explained by geographical differences in occurrence of capsular glaucoma. The sources of error concerning prevalence estimates based on glaucoma drug consumption are discussed. Pre-supposing a balance numerically between undetected glaucoma cases and patients receiving glaucoma medication without really having glaucoma, the glaucoma drug sales statistics may be taken as fair indicators of glaucoma prevalence.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Degree of myopia in relation to intelligence and educational level.

Intelligence test scores and educational levels were compared for 5943 myopic and 9891 non-myopic 18-year-old men being drafted for military service in Denmark. The former were grouped by degree of myopia, in the range -0.25 diopters (D) to -7.75 D, according to the power of correcting lenses required. Myopes of all degrees had significantly higher test scores and educational levels than non-myopes. However, the relation of these two variables to degree of myopia was not linear; for both variables there were no significant differences among myopia groups in the range -2.0 to -7.75 D. Whereas factors associated with intelligence and education seem to be important in triggering the onset of myopia, they seem to be much less important in determining the degree to which myopia progresses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Membranous nephropathy in a bone marrow transplant recipient.

A bone marrow transplant recipient is described who had development of nephrotic syndrome in association with chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and on cyclosporine (CsA) treatment withdrawal. Renal biopsy revealed a membranous glomerulonephritis (MG). The possible relationship between this autoimmune disorder, the immunological features of GVHD in experimental animals, and the influence of CsA is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Concordance for myopia and discordance for optic disk cupping in a pair of monozygotic twins].

Of a pair of monozygotic twins who are both myopic, only twin B has an optic nerve pit in her left eye. At the age of 19 her visual acuity was reduced due to macular edema. Three years later, krypton laser coagulation treatment produced an appreciable improvement. Although both twins are myopic, the anisomyopia observed illustrates the influence of environment on ocular refraction.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Intraocular lens calculation. An evaluation of Binkhorst and SRK estimates in 100 consecutive cataract extractions with 3M type 78 anterior chamber lens implantation.

Intraocular lens power prediction and final astigmatism were evaluated in 100 consecutive cataract patients (age 57-92 years, mainly with intracapsular extraction) 4-13 months after insertion of a 3M type 78 anterior chamber lens. The analysis was based on refractive recordings from the referring ophthalmologists who took care of post-operative controls. Ninety-two patients were accepted for the study. A Sonometrics DBR 400 ultrasound equipment and a Haag-Streit keratometer had been used for measuring eye length and corneal power, the Binkhorst programme and SRK formula for selecting IOL power, resulting in an IOL range of +12 to +23 D. Mainly, low myopia was intended. Nearly 50% fell within 0.5 D from predicted value; 90% were within +/- 1.5 D, by both calculating methods. SRK predictions appeared unaffected by eye size, while axial length (x) significantly influenced Binkhorst prediction (y): y = 8.08-0.35x (r = -0.40), the deviation being most marked in very short eyes. For eyes of midsize the two methods did not differ. Regarding astigmatism, 3 patients ended with values above 3D. In 83% it was less than 2D. Eighty per cent obtained a visual acuity of 0.5 or better. All things considered we feel that the calculation procedure should be standard when performing cataract surgery with IOL implantation.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Treatment of advanced colorectal and gastric adenocarcinomas with 5-fluorouracil and high-dose folinic acid.

We report the results of an expanded trial of 5-fluorouracil (FUra) combined with high-dose folinic acid for treatment of patients with advanced colorectal or gastric adenocarcinoma. In each treatment course, the patients received both FUra (340-400 mg/m2/day by iv infusion over 15 minutes) and folinic acid (200 mg/m2/day by iv bolus) for 5 consecutive days, with a 21-day interval between courses. Eighty-six patients with colorectal carcinoma were evaluated. The combined complete response (CR) and partial response (PR) rates were 39% for 54 patients who did not receive prior chemotherapy and 22% for 32 patients who had previously received chemotherapy. Four patients who were previously resistant to FUra attained objective responses. The median time to disease progression for the 28 responders was 10 months. The median survival time of responders was 19.5 months, and the probability of their being alive at 2 years was 40%. Of 27 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, 13 (48%) responded to therapy. Their median time to disease progression was 5.5 months. The median survival time of responders was 11 months, and their probability of being alive at 15 months was 30%. Toxicity was within acceptable limits. Toxic effects included stomatitis, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, skin rash, and mild myeloid hypoplasia. In a separate study, plasma concentrations of L-folates above 10(-5) M were achieved after a rapid single iv injection of 200 mg/m2 of folinic acid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

[Therapeutic trials of aclarubicin in previously treated acute leukemias and hematosarcomas].

In a phase I-II trial, 38 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were given single drug induction therapy with aclarubicin (ACM) according to two dosing schedules: treatment 1: 10 to 30 mg/m2/d to a maximum total dose of 300 mg/m2 or until development of unacceptable toxicity: treatment 2: 15 mg/m2/d in ten-day courses separated by ten-day intervals. Response rates were 15% with treatment 1 and 44% with treatment 2 (overall response rate 34%). Complete remission (CR) was achieved in 6 patients who had previously failed to respond to adriamycin (ADM). Toxicity was more frequent and more severe in those patients given more than 150 mg/m2 ACM per course. The main side effects were oropharyngeal mucositis and diarrhea. Three patients exhibited T wave inversion and one had an episode of auricular flutter. In a separate trial in 16 patients with AML we used cyclic chemotherapy combining ACM (20 mg/m2/d) and ARA-C (200 mg/m2/d) for seven consecutive days. Complete remission rate was 50%. Severe ventricular rhythm disorders were seen in two patients. In a phase I-II study, 19 patients with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) and 8 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) were given ACM alone according to the regimen designated treatment 1 described above. Response rates were 11% (2/19) in ALL and 25% (2/8) in NHL. A review of the literature is presented in the discussion of the original trials reported herein.

Aclarubicin↗
PubMed1986

Visual acuity in Danish school children.

The medical records of 8769 school children attending the 2nd-5th grades in the Municipality of Odense have been scrutinized with regard to visual acuity. 1216 children were subject to examination, of these 1034 were found to have reduced vision due to anomalies of refraction other causes. Bilateral reduction in vision of less than or equal to 6/18 was observed in 8 children corresponding to 0.09%. Unilateral reduction in sight of less than or equal to 6/12 (employed here as the definition of amblyopia) was seen in 1.07% of the children. This applied to 1.39% of the boys and 0.73% of the girls; the difference is statistically significant. The lower frequency of amblyopia as compared to earlier investigations is probably a consequence of better vision screening during preschool age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Treatment of advanced colorectal and gastric adenocarcinomas with 5-fluorouracil and high-dose folinic acid.

We report the results of an expanded trial of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) combined with high-dose folinic acid for treatment of patients with advanced colorectal or advanced gastric adenocarcinoma. In each treatment course, the patients received both 5-FU (340 to 400 mg/m2/d by intravenous (IV) infusion for a period of 15 minutes) and folinic acid (200 mg/m2/d by IV bolus) for 5 consecutive days, with a 21-day interval between courses. Eighty-six patients with colorectal carcinoma were evaluated. The combined complete and partial response rates were 39% for 54 patients who did not receive prior chemotherapy and 22% for 32 patients who had previously received chemotherapy. Four patients who were previously resistant to 5-FU attained objective responses. The median time to disease progression for the 28 responders was 10 months. The median survival time of responders was 19.5 months, and the probability of their being alive at 2 years was 40%. Of 27 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, 13 (48%) responded to therapy. Their median time to disease progression was 5.5 months. The median survival time of responders was 11 months, and their probability of being alive at 15 months was 30%. Toxicity was within acceptable limits. Toxic effects included stomatitis, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, skin rash, and mild myeloid hypoplasia. In a separate study, plasma concentrations of L-folates greater than 10(-5) mol/L were achieved after a rapid single IV injection of 200 mg/m2 of folinic acid. Comparisons of our results with those reported in previous studies on 5-FU administered as a single agent suggest that, in advanced colorectal and gastric adenocarcinoma, folinic acid administered in high doses enhances the effectiveness of 5-FU administered concomitantly. Furthermore, some colorectal tumors that were previously resistant to 5-FU become sensitive to this drug. The survival of the patients who responded to therapy was markedly improved over that observed in reported series of untreated patients with advanced colorectal and gastric adenocarcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Excess of lympho-reticular cell complexes in the bone marrow linked to T cell mediated dysmyelopoiesis.

The term dysmyelopoietic syndrome (DMPS) covers a variety of closely related disorders with various etiological factors, and characterized by chronic (pan) cytopenias whose prognosis and treatment are still controversial. Despite the recent efforts to identify pathogens, effector cells and soluble cell products involved in the development of this syndrome only a few comprehensive experimental data are available, useful for elaboration of therapeutic regimens. We describe here a patient with DMPS who was refractory to inductive chemotherapy. Initial agar gel culture studies revealed the activity of hematopoiesis inhibitory T cells within the bone marrow that could be suppressed by prednisone both in vitro and in vivo. However another pathological cell features, the excess of an unusual lympho-reticular cell complexes was identified in long-term liquid cultures. These symbiotic cell complexes persisted throughout the disease, despite the prednisone induced hematological remission, suggesting their causative role in the disease, that more recently progressed towards acute myeloid leukemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A phase I trial of trans-1-diaminocyclohexane oxalato-platinum (l-OHP).

Oxalato-platinum in a new platinum derivative which was found to be active in experimental tumors and devoid of nephrotoxicity. A phase I study was conducted in cancer patients according to a new design following the recommendations of our Institution's ethical committee to avoid the major drawback of classical phase I studies in which many patients receive the experimental drug at doses far under the potentially active dose extrapolated from experimental studies. The potentially active dose of l-OHP was determined from the Maximally Efficient Dose Range (MEDR) to be between 45 mg/m2 (subcurative dose) and 67 mg/m2 (subtoxic dose). The patients in this study received with increasing intervals 1/100, 1/10, 1/5, 1/3, 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 1, of the low dose of the MEDR, this dose being reached after 90 to 120 days on study. 23 evaluable patients have entered the trial of which 19 reached the low dose of MEDR (45 mg/m2). Gastro-intestinal toxicity, nausea and vomiting, similar to those with CDDP occurred in all patients at or above the dose of 30 mg/m2. Renal toxicity was monitored with creatinine level and did not occur in any patient at any dose nor did significant hematologic toxicity occur. Thus nausea and vomiting appear to be the limiting toxicity of the drug. Responses were observed in this phase I study in lung cancer (1), breast cancer (1), melanoma (1) and perhaps hepatoma (major decrease in alpha FP levels) (1). The proposed starting dose for phase II studies is 45 mg/m2 but we plan to continue dose escalation during the phase II according to the design of Jones and Holland. This new study design allows each patient entering a phase I study to be treated with a potentially active dose of the drug studied.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Treatment of advanced colorectal and gastric adenocarcinomas with 5-fluorouracil combined with high-dose folinic acid. An update.

Sixty-six patients with advanced colorectal adenocarcinoma and 24 with advanced gastric adenocarcinoma were treated; all had measurable tumors. The treatment was based on biochemical and cell culture studies which have demonstrated that an excess of intracellular reduced folates is necessary to provide optimal inhibition of thymidylate synthetase and to increase the cytotoxic effect of fluoropyrimidines. The treatment comprised 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (370-400 mg/m2/day) and high dose folinic acid (200 mg/m2/day) given simultaneously for 5 consecutive days with a 21-day interval between courses. Of the 66 patients with colorectal carcinoma, 44 had not been previously treated with cytostatics and 22 were resistant to previous chemotherapy with 5-FU given either as a single agent or combined with other drugs. The response rates both complete (CR) and partial (PR) were 45% and 18% in the previously untreated and the previously treated patients, respectively. Time to disease progression in the 20 previously untreated patients ranged from 2 to 34.5+ months (median, 10.3 months) and that of the 4 patients previously resistant to 5-FU was 7, 10, 12 and 15 months, respectively. Median survival for the 24 responders was 20.4 months. Survival in responders was significantly superior to that observed in patients with progressive disease (P less than 10(-8)). Of the 24 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, 23 had not been previously treated with cytostatics and one was resistant to a 5-FU containing regimen. The response rate (CR + PR) was 50% (12 patients). The single previously treated patient failed to respond. Time to disease progression in the 12 responders ranged from 2.1 to 28.9 months (median, 5.6 months).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

[A case of septicemia by a Corynebacterium of the J. K. group].

We have reported a case of septicaemia caused by "Corynebacterium of group J. K." in a patient with acute myeloblastic leukaemia. Recent studies by Riley (1978) have shown that the corynebacteria, saprophytes of the skin and mucosa have a resistance to common antibiotics. Corynebacteria that are only sensitive to virginiamycin and vancomycin are a potential danger for immunosuppressed patients and patients with artificial heart valves, the appropriate choice of antibiotic can be difficult in these patients.

Alcoholism↗