Biomedical subjects

E Goodall

Publications and source records attributed to E Goodall.

10 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

A comparison of the effects of d- and l-fenfluramine and d-amphetamine on energy and macronutrient intake in human subjects.

The anorectic activity of the d and l isomers of d-fenfluramine (d-FF) (l-FF) were compared with d-amphetamine (d-amp) when given separately and together in 12 healthy male volunteers. The study was double blind and placebo controlled. Food intake was measured using an automated food dispenser. Anorectic activity was examined using a) total energy intake b) nutrient selection c) selection of foods categorised by nonsweet/sweet taste. Total energy intake was significantly reduced by d-FF (17%) d-amp (26%) d-FF + d-amp (36%) and l-FF + d-amp (31%). d-Amp and both combinations significantly reduced energy intake from all macronutrients in the total food. d-FF reduced carbohydrate but not fat or protein intake derived from all foods. When nonsweet and sweet tasting foods were examined separately, l-FF also significantly reduced energy (by 19%), fat and carbohydrate intake from nonsweet food. Neither d-FF nor l-FF reduced protein from nonsweet food. No anorectic drug given alone reduced sweet food intake, only d-amp given with d-FF had this effect. In contrast to nonsweet food, d-FF did not reduce carbohydrate from sweet foods. The results are in agreement with previous work that d-FF spares protein consumption but suggest that d-FF does not selectively reduce carbohydrate intake per se.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Centrally acting anorectic drugs: a clinical perspective.

This paper reviews the anorectic activity and effectiveness of catecholamine and serotoninergic anorectic drugs in the management of obesity. It discusses the clinical implications of the experimental findings and suggests prescribing strategies for effective long-term therapeutic benefit. The authors advocate that there is a role for the recently developed serotonin-mediated anorectic compounds in the treatment of obesity, particularly in those individuals with abnormal glucose tolerance or who are hypertensive.

Appetite Depressants↗

PubMed1992

The effects of lithium on body weight and food intake in normal subjects--a pilot study.

The possibility of lithium increasing hunger and food intake was examined in an open, pilot study involving five healthy male volunteers each of whom took lithium for 1 month at a dose to give mean 12 h serum lithium level of 0.5-0.8 mmol/l. Before starting lithium, after the first dose and again after 1 and 4 weeks on lithium, subjects attended the unit at lunch time. They were starting lithium, after the first dose and again after 1 and 4 weeks on lithium, subjects attended the unit at lunch time. They were weighed and ate their lunch time meal from a food dispenser similar to those in canteens. Subjective rating scales were completed before and after eating. No change in weight was seen. Food intake was slightly increased at the end of the month on lithium compared with the start but had fluctuated during the intervening weeks. There was no relationship between food intake and weight change.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Chronically implanted intrafascicular recording electrodes.

A newly designed intrafascicular electrode for chronic neural recording was studied by implanting 12 electrodes in the radial nerves of 6 cats for 6 months. Action potentials were monitored at specified intervals throughout the experiment. The number and size of the signals recorded suggest that this type of electrode provides information that is appropriate for feedback control in functional electrical stimulation (FES) systems. Histology of the nerve revealed that the implants are biocompatible and that little damage is caused by the presence of the electrode.

Action Potentials↗

PubMed1988

Differential effect of d-fenfluramine and metergoline on food intake in human subjects.

This study investigated the effect of the 5-HT receptor blocker metergoline (MTG) on d-fenfluramine (d-FF)-induced reduction of food intake in 13 normal male human volunteer subjects. Food was freely available for 2h, 4h after drug administration, from a four-channel automated food dispenser. d-FF (30 mg) reduced total food intake and exerted a marked effect on non-sweet food which was attenuated by the addition of MTG (4 mg). d-FF had less effect on sweet-tasting food while intake of sweet food was significantly increased by MTG. There was a significant interaction between d-FF and MTG on sweet-tasting foods. No effect on MTG was observed on d-FF-induced changes in ratings of hunger.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

A clinical trial of the efficacy and acceptability of D-fenfluramine in the treatment of neuroleptic-induced obesity.

Twenty-nine overweight schizophrenic patients maintained on depot neuroleptic injections who wished to lose weight took part in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 30 mg D-fenfluramine. All subjects received dietary advice. Sixteen patients completed the 12-week trial. Rate of weight loss was significantly greater in those taking D-fenfluramine. Side-effects were reported, but no deterioration in mental state was noted.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Prevalence of obesity in patients receiving depot antipsychotics.

Antipsychotic drugs have long been noted to cause pronounced weight gain, and drug-induced obesity can assume major clinical importance in long-term medication in the management of chronic schizophrenia. Obesity is associated with increased morbidity and may reduce compliance, leading to a return of psychotic symptoms. In a survey of 226 patients attending depot neuroleptic clinics in one inner London borough, it was found that the prevalence of clinically relevant obesity was four times that in the general population.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

The interaction of metergoline, a 5-HT receptor blocker, and dexfenfluramine in human feeding.

Use of the 5-HT antagonist metergoline (MTG) has shown that dexfenfluramine (d-FF) influences food intake in animals via serotoninergic neurones. This study examined the interaction between d-FF and MTG in humans. Healthy male volunteers reported singly at 8:45 A.M. on four weekly occasions following an overnight fast. At 9:00 A.M. they received 30 mg d-FF or matching placebo and at 11:00 A.M. 4 mg MTG or placebo. Hunger and satiety were assessed hourly using visual analog scales (VAS). Subjects had access to a 4-channel automated food dispenser (AFD) from 1:15 to 3:15 P.M. Delivery and recording of each portion of known energy value was contingent on an appropriate button push. Subjects were offered two nonsweet snacks, plus fruit and a chocolate biscuit chosen to each subject's preference. Results for 13 subjects are reported. d-FF reduced hunger VAS, MTG had no effect on hunger and did not attenuate the effect of d-FF. d-FF reduced total food intake by 1306 kJ (312 kcal p less than 0.01) at 120 min. MTG increased food intake and attenuated the effect of d-FF on food intake but not significantly. d-FF markedly reduced the intake of nonsweet food; this was attenuated by MTG which alone had no effect on nonsweet food. d-FF had no effect on the intake of sweet tasting food during the first hour; by 120 min it had reduced energy intake by 342 kJ (82 kcal, t = 1.34, n.s.).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Drug Interactions↗

PubMed1987

Receptor blocking drugs and amphetamine anorexia in human subjects.

The interaction between the receptor antagonist thymoxamine (THYM), propranolol (PPL) and metergoline (MTG) with dexamphetamine (d-Amp)-induced anorexia was examined in a series of studies in normal female volunteers. Visual analogue scale (VAS) ratings of hunger were made and food intake was measured using an automated solid food dispenser (AFD). d-Amp (10 mg) significantly depressed hunger ratings compared to placebo in two of the three studies and its effect was countered by the addition of MTG (4 mg). d-Amp significantly reduced food intake compared to placebo in two studies. In all trials the reduction in food intake following d-Amp was significantly greater than would have been predicted from its effect on hunger. THYM (160 mg) and PPL (40 mg) were associated with no changes in food intake when given alone or with d-Amp, MTG increased food intake (but not significantly) and the combined effects of MTG and d-Amp was the algebraic sum of the effect of each; but there appeared to be no true pharmacological interaction between blocker and anorectic. The results indicated that there may be some dissociation between the effect of d-Amp on hunger and food intake but have failed to produce evidence that noradrenergic pathways are involved. The results are consistent with the theories that d-Amp anorexia does not involve the release of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) but that 5-HT pathways are involved in the feeding process.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Serotoninergic mechanisms in human feeding: the pharmacological evidence.

This paper reviews the evidence of serotoninergic mechanisms in human feeding by considering the effects of 5-HT agonists, precursors and receptor antagonists on hunger, food intake and weight change in normal volunteers, obese people and psychiatric patients. Although there is compelling evidence for a serotonin (5-HT) mechanism being involved, the paper highlights the considerable individual variation in response to pharmacological manipulation of 5-HT. Such variation may reflect differences in the bio-availability of the drugs used. Subtle psychological factors may also play a role in blurring the pharmacological evidence for 5-HT involvement in the highly complex activity of human feeding.

Amitriptyline↗