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Biomedical subjects

E Grandjean

Publications and source records attributed to E Grandjean.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Posture and muscular fatigue during work with a book-keeping machine].

A survey on localized fatigue was carried out in 119 accounting machine operators. In 51 cases the dimensions of the working places and different characteristics of the body postures were measured. The incidence of localized fatigue symptoms was found to be related to the degree of ulnar deviation of the hand, to the angle of the elbow as well as to the angle of the head inclination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Health-related effects of repetitive activities].

Two hundred workers of the Swiss watch industry were examined in a study of repetitive work effects on the well-being of workers. Repetitive work has shown to have two main influences on well-being: Relationships were found between subjective assessment of variety and autonomy, job satisfaction, psychosomatic complaints and headache. Repetitive work was always done under some positional constraint. This was shown to result in an increased rate of "arm, neck, shoulder syndrome" and visual problems.

Arm↗
PubMed1979

Fatigue in industry.

Physical fatigue is a painful phenomenon which is localised in overstressed muscles. Mental fatigue is a diffuse sensation of weariness; it is a functional state, one of several intermediate conditions between the two extremes of alarm and sleep. A neurophysiological model of fatigue, involving an activating and inhibitory system has been developed. Fatigue in industrial practice has clinical symptoms: psychic instability, fits of depression and increased liability to illness. Indicators of fatigue are work of performance, subjective feelings of fatigue, electroencephalography, flicker-fusion frequency and various psychomotor and mental tests. Several field studies do, to some extent, confirm the above-mentioned concept of fatigue.

Automobile Driving↗
PubMed1979

[Passive smoking].

Passive smoking is the involuntary inspiration of smoky indoor air. Based on the information available today, it may be assumed that passive smoking normally is no health hazard as far as the classical smoker's diseases (lung cancer, myocardial infarct, etc.) are concerned. Nevertheless, it is probable that irritations caused by tobacco smoke have an unfavorable influence on the health of small children and that of already sick persons. The main problem of passive smoking is annoyance due to odor and irritations of eyes and respiratory organs. Our investigations in a climatic chamber with healthy subjects show that air pollution caused by tobacco smoke as indicated by 5 ppm CO leads to marked eye irritations--objectively as well as subjectively--in 15 to 20% of the subjects. This corresponds to smoking 10 cigarettes per hour in a small room with an air ventilation rate of four times per hour. If air pollution caused by tobacco smoke lies below the level of 2 ppm CO, irritations and annoyance for healthy persons are regarded as low and tolerable. This corresponds to about four cigarettes per hour under the same circumstances.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Management of the work place. Erogonomics and occupational medicine for the benefit of prevention].

Between the state of well-being and that of illness, an intermediary state often occurs, characterized by feelings of uneasiness, fatigue and pains. The study of these intermediary states in function of the work load (posture, noises, heat, etc.) constitutes an important feature of ergonomics. In this study we present the results of two polls showing pains due to inappropriate postures. Many observations of occupational medicine lead us to believe that pathological troubles of rheumatic order (arthritis, periathritis, tendinitis, myalgias, arthroses) can appear as a result of inappropriate postures and repetitive movements over a number of years. Thus, the ergonomic analysis of the work place can help to determine the risk of illness.

Back Pain↗
PubMed1978

[Noise protection at the Autobahn N 3--case study].

This study deals with the actual and the future noise situation along a highway over a distance of 3,5 km. Three alternatives for noise protection measures, their efficiency and their costs are proposed.

Automobile Driving↗
PubMed1976

Irritating effects on man of air pollution due to cigarette smoke.

Sixty subjects were exposed to cigaretts smoke produced by a smoking machine in a climatic chamber. The irritating effects were recorded by questionnaire and related to concentrations of CO, formaldehyde, and acroleine. The eyes are most sensitive to these irritants, followed by the nose. Annoyance about air quality, and the desire to open the window or to leave the room proved to be other useful measures of sensitivity. With smoke produced by 10 cigarettes/30 m3 acroleine reaches 0.1 ppm, the threshold limit value for industries; simultaneously, CO and formaldehyde exceed the clean air standards for outdoor air. At this exposure level. 9 per cent of the subjects show a strong or very strong eye irritation, while 78 per cent "wish to leave the room." The most important of the measured irritants seems to be acroleine.

Acrolein↗