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Biomedical subjects

E Green

Publications and source records attributed to E Green.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Immunochemical characterisation of parathyroid hormone-related protein from tumour and non-tumour cells.

The molecular forms of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHRP) in conditioned media from the BEN human lung cancer cell line, rat parathyroid cells (PT-r) and human keratinocytes were studied by gel-filtration chromatography with assay of PTHRP by immunoassays and bioassay. Immunoreactivity (1-86 and 1-34) and bioactivity (1-34) in conditioned media eluted as a coincident major peak (approx. molecular mass 19-22 kDa) and there was evidence of amino-terminal species in the molecular mass range 10-16 kDa in BEN and keratinocyte media. Western blotting of PTHRP affinity purified by monoclonal antibodies directed at regions 1-34 or 37-67, identified a major species in all cell cytosols and media with an apparent molecular mass of 24-25 kDa, consistently slightly larger than recombinant PTHRP(1-141) (mobility of 21 kDa) which may represent an intact or native form of PTHRP. Additional amino-terminal species were identified in medium from keratinocytes (16 and 7 kDa), BEN cells (18 and 14 kDa) and PT-R cells (17 kDa), suggesting that processing occurs at the C-terminus and within the mid-region to form a range of amino-terminal fragments.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Quality of life in young adults with type 1 diabetes in relation to demographic and disease variables.

Sixty-nine young adults (mean age 21 (range 15-25) years) with Type 1 diabetes completed measures of diabetes knowledge and quality of life. Factor analysis of the quality of life scale resulted in the identification of three subscales (social relationships, diabetes concerns, and impact). There was no relation between any of the quality of life subscales with knowledge, or with multiple versus twice-daily insulin injection regimens. Higher self-rated diabetes satisfaction was related to lower fructosamine levels and better clinic attendance (p less than 0.05). Females reported a more negative impact of diabetes on their lives compared with males (p less than 0.05).

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Psychometric equivalence of a translated circadian rhythm questionnaire: implications for between- and within-population assessments.

The fidelity of an English-to-Japanese translation of a circadian rhythm questionnaire was examined through simultaneous factor analysis in several populations (Jöreskog, 1971a). Results indicate significant differences in item responses between populations, although between-population convergence was obtained on one factor. Back translations revealed both major and minor content discrepancies between the original and translated scales, which preclude clearly separating linguistic or semantic and population differences in item responses. Within-population results based on classic measurement techniques were compared with results based on structural equation techniques (in the American sample only); each technique led to different data-based conclusions. On the basis of the structural equation results, refinements in the source (English) scale items are suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Multicenter evaluation of tetracycline fiber therapy: I. Experimental design, methods, and baseline data.

The study design and baseline characteristics of a multicenter trial to test the effectiveness and safety of locally delivered tetracycline for treatment of adult periodontitis are described. Local delivery was provided by 0.5 mm diameter ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer fibers loaded 25% with tetracycline hydrochloride which were placed into periodontal pockets and maintained by an adhesive for 10 (+/- 2) days. A total of 113 subjects (56 male and 57 female; mean age 49.3 yr) at five centers participated in the study. Subjects were selected who had 4 nonadjacent teeth with 6-10 mm pockets that bled on probing. The selected sites in each subject were randomly assigned to 4 test groups: tetracycline fiber, control fiber, scaling with root planing, or untreated. A balanced experimental design was thereby established in which each subject contributed equally by providing 4 clinically comparable sites for evaluation. To provide a more specific model for testing periodontitis therapy, gingivitis was treated prior to the initiation of the study by prophylaxis with supragingival calculus removal and home care instruction. Clinical response variables measured were pocket depth reduction, attachment level gain and bleeding on controlled-force probing measured at baseline, 30 d, and 60 d. Levels of 6 bacterial species selected as probable periodontal pathogens were measured by DNA probe analysis of plaque samples. The design of this study provided several unique analytical opportunities. Controls included a comparison with conventional treatment, analysis of vehicle effects, and effects at untreated sites. Comparison of the test group with controls permitted evaluation of the principal variables that could effect interpretation of results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Multicenter evaluation of tetracycline fiber therapy: II. Clinical response.

The safety and efficacy of periodontal disease treatment by intrapocket placement of tetracycline (TC) fibers was investigated in a 60-day multicenter study conducted by selecting 4 sites in each subject with 6-10 mm pockets that bled on probing. Sites were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 test groups: TC fiber therapy, scaling, control fiber (fibers without drug), or untreated. TC fibers and control fibers were placed to fill the pocket and were maintained with a cyanoacrylate adhesive for 10(+/- 2) d. Scaling was performed for a minimum of 5 min under local anesthesia. Following initial tooth cleaning procedures, pocket depth, attachment level and bleeding on controlled-force probing were measured at baseline and at 30 d, and 60 d following therapy. Analysis of data from 107 subjects who had complete clinical data sets indicated that TC fiber therapy significantly decreased pocket depth, increased attachment level, and decreased bleeding on controlled-force probing to a greater extent than observed in all other test groups including scaling. These effects were greater than, and in addition to, effects that occurred due to prophylaxis and improved home care. No serious adverse side-effects attributed to TC fiber therapy were observed. No TC fiber-treated sites abscessed and superinfection was not noted. A transient redness at fiber removal was seen at 21% of the sites. Although fibers were placed without anesthesia, mild pain on initial placement was infrequent (19%) and abated rapidly. The results indicate that TC fiber placement provides a safe and effective means for treatment of periodontal infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Changes in dental caries prevalence in upstate New York schoolchildren.

A survey of second and fifth grade children was conducted in upstate New York to determine recent trends in dental caries prevalence. Clinical examinations were conducted on 960 second grade and 837 fifth grade children in 51 schools. A single examiner derived the findings on a uniform basis using a standard protocol. An examination of changes in the percent of caries-free children and mean DMFS/dfs indices revealed that caries prevalence has continued to decline. Although the low SES group in this survey had consistently higher caries levels and a higher treatment need compared to the high SES group, the magnitude of the difference was much smaller compared to the previous survey. Because the sampling was restricted to young children in upstate New York, the trends observed should not be applied to a similar New York City population, to older children throughout New York State, or to children in other states.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

QA productivity.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Efficiency↗
PubMed1991

Practice guidelines for management of pressure ulcers.

Pressure ulcers are a significant and increasing source of human suffering. The precise number of people who have pressure ulcers is unknown. However, conservative estimates indicate that well over a million persons in hospitals and nursing homes suffer from pressure ulcers. One large study found that one in four Americans who died in 1987 had a dermal ulcer. The prevalence of pressure ulcers is almost certain to grow due to increasing numbers of fragile elderly and survivors of serious trauma.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMed1990

Mechanism of glucocorticoid regulation of alkaline phosphatase gene expression in osteoblast-like cells.

In the rat osteosarcoma cell line ROS 17/2.8, glucocorticoids increase the activity of the plasma membrane enzyme, alkaline phosphatase. To determine the mechanisms responsible for this effect, we have studied the actions of dexamethasone on alkaline phosphatase activity, immunoreactive protein, and steady-state mRNA levels. Dexamethasone treatment increased both specific activity of alkaline phosphatase and the cell surface expression of immunoreactive protein in a dose-dependent manner, with a half-maximal increase at 2 nM. Steady-state alkaline phosphatase mRNA levels were also increased in a dose-dependent manner. The time course of dexamethasone induction occurred relatively slowly, with a lag period of 12 h before any discernable effect on alkaline phosphatase mRNA levels. The rise in alkaline phosphatase mRNA levels was attributable entirely to changes in gene transcription, with no effect on message stability. Treatment of ROS 17/2.8 cells with actinomycin D completely abolished the dexamethasone-induced rise in alkaline phosphatase mRNA levels. Measurement of alkaline phosphatase mRNA degradation, by incubation of cells with the transcriptional inhibitor 5,6-dichloro-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole, indicated an apparent half-life of 24 h in both untreated and dexamethasone-stimulated cells. The protein synthesis inhibitors cycloheximide and puromycin blocked the dexamethasone induction of alkaline phosphatase mRNA. These data suggest that the dexamethasone-induced rise in alkaline phosphatase gene transcription requires the synthesis of an unknown mediator protein.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1990

Monoclonal antibodies to ROS 17/2.8 cells recognize antigens, some of which are restricted to osteoblasts and chondrocytes.

We have raised a panel of 15 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) recognizing cell surface antigens of the rat osteoblast-like cell line ROS 17/2.8. The MAbs were selected on the basis of preferential binding to ROS 17/2.8 cells compared to ROS 25/1 cells. Immunohistochemical studies of antigen localization on cryostat sections of rat calvaria, long bone, and soft tissues demonstrated that five of these MAbs, UBIM 1, 2, 3, 12, and 17, recognize antigens that are restricted to normal rat osteoblasts and chondrocytes. The antigens appear to be localized to the cell surface of the osteoblast, with no apparent staining of bone matrix in either undecalcified or decalcified sections. In vitro, these MAbs recognize cell surface antigens present on two additional cell lines, ROS 24/1 and Rat 2 cells, and on the adherent cell population cultured from rat long bone marrow. Of these MAbs, three (UBIM 1, 2, and 3) recognize high-molecular-weight antigens of Mr 200,000-225,000. This study has also identified cell surface antigens of ROS 17/2.8 cells that are not expressed by osteoblasts in vivo. MAbs UBIM 9 and 21 bind to marrow cells in long bone sections, to the 7-day-old nonadherent cell population from cultured marrow, and to lymphoid tissue in sections of spleen. Another four MAbs (UBIM 10, 11, 14, and 22) bind to a variety of cells and tissues both in vitro and in vivo. Studies of the interactions of this panel of MAbs with osteogenic tissues and cell lines may have an important impact on the understanding of osteoblast physiology.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Application of a capture enzyme immunoassay in an outbreak of waterborne giardiasis in the United Kingdom.

A capture enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the detection of Giardia lamblia antigen was used to examine 136 fecal samples collected during an outbreak of waterborne giardiasis in a city in the UK. Six cases of Giardia lamblia infection were detected that had previously not been diagnosed by microscopy. The capture EIA provides an efficient means of processing large numbers of samples for prompt and accurate assessment of an epidemic. It may also facilitate rapid tracing of epidemic sources.

Antigens, Protozoan↗
PubMed1990

Use of highly specific DNA probes and the polymerase chain reaction to detect Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in Johne's disease.

DNA probes that hybridize to a mycobacterial insertion sequence, IS900, present in multiple copies in the genome of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis were found to be highly specific for M. paratuberculosis. DNA sequences derived from IS900 were used to prepare DNA primers for detection and identification of M. paratuberculosis by the polymerase chain reaction. Highly specific direct detection of M. paratuberculosis DNA in feces from cattle with Johne's disease was obtained. The polymerase chain reaction test had a sensitivity equal to or greater than that obtained by standard culture techniques and was much more rapid, taking only hours compared with 6 to 12 weeks for culture.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Identification and partial characterization of parathyroid hormone-related protein in human and bovine milk.

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) was measured in human and bovine milk by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and bioassay, and the molecular forms characterized by gel chromatography and immunoblotting of affinity-purified PTHrP. Mean immunoreactive PTHrP(1-34) concentrations were 23 and 87 micrograms/l in human and bovine milk respectively. Bioactive (BIO) PTHrP concentrations determined by cyclic AMP production by ROS 17/2.8 cells correlated significantly (P less than 0.001) with those obtained by RIA (BIO = 1.04RIA--3.4, r = 0.939). Gel filtration of human and bovine milk identified several peaks with immunoactivity and bioactivity. Immunoblotting of affinity-purified PTHrP revealed multiple molecular species including components with mobilities similar to those of PTHrP and its subfragments. These studies confirm the presence of immuno- and bioactive PTHrP in milk and suggest that post-translational processing is complex and variable.

Animals↗