PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E Gutschik

Publications and source records attributed to E Gutschik.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Bacterial sedimentation during cardiac surgery reduced by disposable clothing.

The effect of three types of operating-room clothing on bacterial sedimentation was studied during cardiac valve surgery. The 24 operations were divided into three groups, according to type of clothing worn by all personnel--standard cotton, open style non-woven or closed style non-woven. Sedimentation on open agar plates was greatest when cotton clothing was worn, less with open style non-woven garments (difference not significant), and still less with closed style non-woven clothing (difference statistically significant). The sedimentation corresponded to estimated airborne concentrations (cfu/m3) of 79.6 (cotton clothing), 59.7 (open style non-woven) and 7.2 (closed style non-woven). Use of closed style non-woven operation clothing is recommended for cardiac surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Killing curve activity of ciprofloxacin is comparable to synergistic effect of beta-lactam-tobramycin combinations against Haemophilus species endocarditis strains.

Nine Haemophilus species strains, all beta-lactamase negative, isolated from patients with endocarditis were tested in killing curve experiments. Antibiotics used were penicillin, amoxicillin, aztreonam alone and in combination with tobramycin, as well as ciprofloxacin alone. Synergism between beta-lactams and tobramycin with reduction of colony counts to zero was seen after 24 h for H. influenzae, H. parainfluenzae and H. segnis strains. Ciprofloxacin was as effective as beta-lactam-tobramycin combinations. The H. aphrophilus strain was not killed as effectively as other strains by any of the antibiotics.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1991

Severe Rhodococcus equi pneumonia: case report and literature review.

Rhodococcus equi is an aerobic, gram-positive, non-motile pleomorphic bacillus infecting immunocompromised patients. Forty-nine cases of Rhodococcus equi infection have been reported, mainly in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A case in which Rhodococcus equi caused severe pulmonary infection, the most common presentation, is described. Clinically, patients have symptoms of pneumonia with hemoptysis as a prominent feature. X-ray will often show a cavitating upper-lobe infiltrate, resembling infection with mycobacteria. Rhodococcus equi is easily cultured from blood or sputum on standard media, but is frequently regarded as a contaminant. Mortality from Rhodococcus equi pneumonia is high (25%) and early surgical intervention has been recommended. Based on this review, the benefit of surgery seems dubious, whereas good results have been obtained using long-term antibiotic treatment with erythromycin plus rifampicin, or vancomycin in combination with either of these antibiotics.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

The effect of antistaphylococcal agents used alone and in combinations on the survival of Staphylococcus aureus ingested by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

The intracellular activity of a number of drugs used alone and in combinations against Staphylococcus aureus was investigated using an experimental design which imitates the clinical situation and differs from other published methods. Staphylococci were phagocytosed by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and, after differential centrifugation and washing, the granulocytes were incubated in 90% pooled human serum with clinically relevant drug concentrations. When exposed to antibiotics, more than 40-50% of the bacteria were located intracellularly. Fusidic acid (100 mg/l), erythromycin (20 mg/l), and clindamycin (20 mg/l) all had a bacteriostatic effect during the first 6 h of incubation, whereas rifampicin (1 and 5 mg/l), vancomycin (5 and 20 mg/l), and ciprofloxacin (2 mg/l) all acted bactericidally with decreases in viable counts between 1.3-1.9 log10. The greatest bactericidal effect was achieved with tobramycin (10 mg/l), which produced more than a 4 log10 decrease in viable counts at 6 h. Combinations of fusidic acid with other antibiotics all resulted in killing kinetics different from those achieved with the drugs used individually. The bactericidal effect of ciprofloxacin and dicloxacillin during the first 6 h was abolished when these drugs were combined with fusidic acid. However, at 24 h no significant difference was found between the effect of dicloxacillin alone versus the combination dicloxacillin and fusidic acid. The combination of fusidic acid and rifampicin resulted in a killing identical to that achieved with rifampicin used alone during the first 6 h, but at 24 h the killing by the combination was significantly greater. The bactericidal effect of the combination dicloxacillin (20 mg/l) and tobramycin (10 mg/l) equalled that obtained with tobramycin (10 mg/l) used alone. Rifampicin (5 mg/l) antagonized the bactericidal effect of ciprofloxacin (2 mg/l) during the first 6 h of incubation but at 24 h the combination acted synergistically. The results obtained are partly in agreement and partly in conflict with previous results.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1991

Urosepticemia and fatal endocarditis caused by aerococcus-like organisms.

Two cases of invasive infections with aerococcus-like organisms (ALO) are presented: an 81-year-old man with fatal endocarditis and a 63-year-old man with urosepticemia. No antigenic relationship was found between ALO and Aerococcus viridans (NCTC 8251) in crossed immunoelectrophoretic assay.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Dental procedures and endocarditis prophylaxis: experiences from 108 dental practices.

In a previous survey, we analyzed a questionnaire to 220 patients, who underwent cardiac surgery with insertion of prosthetic heart valves in the period 1978-1982. Of the 147 patients with their own natural teeth, 136 gave us permission to contact their regular or casual dentists. Of the 108 dentists (79%), who responded to a questionnaire, two thirds were well aware that their patients had prosthetic heart valve and the vast majority of dentists believed that antibiotic prophylaxis is justified in connection with (certain) dental procedures. However, only 15 dentists (14%) prescribed prophylactic antibiotics, i.e. before scaling. The dosage route, frequency and duration of antibiotic administration used by more than half of the dentists was not in accordance with modern principles of antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent bacterial endocarditis. Proposals for antibiotic regimens have to be linked to better education/information of the patients, doctors and dentists and should be linked to recommendations to ensure the highest level of dental care in risk patients.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1990

Serological response in Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Enterococcus (Streptococcus) faecalis expresses three species-specific surface protein antigens of molecular weights 73,000, 40,000, and 37,000. On Western blotting (immunoblotting), they were detected strongly by immunoglobulin G (IgG) in sera from patients with E. faecalis endocarditis, but not in sera from patients with other E. faecalis infections or with endocarditis due to other streptococci. We developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system to measure IgG, IgM, and IgA levels to these antigens and evaluated its potential as a serodiagnostic test for E. faecalis endocarditis. The test correctly diagnosed E. faecalis endocarditis in 15 of 16 cases. Of 10 cases of endocarditis due to other streptococci and 10 E. faecalis infections other than endocarditis, 9 and 8, respectively, gave negative results. The test should prove particularly useful in culture-negative cases, for which choice of appropriate antibiotic therapy for E. faecalis endocarditis is vital.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1989

In-vitro activity of ciprofloxacin combined with either fusidic acid or rifampicin against Staphylococcus aureus.

Killing kinetic experiments were performed with ciprofloxacin, fusidic acid and rifampicin alone and with ciprofloxacin combined with either fusidic acid or rifampicin against ten strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The strains were all clinical isolates and two strains were methicillin-resistant. The antibiotic concentrations tested were in the range obtainable in the serum with recommended doses. The early bactericidal effect of ciprofloxacin alone was substantially greater than that of fusidic acid or rifampicin; thus the extent of killing after 6 h exposure to these antibiotics was 3.4 log10, 0.8 log10 and 0.6 log10, respectively. Fusidic acid as well as rifampicin antagonized the bactericidal activity of ciprofloxacin. Each combination killed 2 log10 cfu less than ciprofloxacin alone. For each combination the mean decrease in the number of organisms was comparable to that achieved with fusidic acid or rifampicin used alone.

Ciprofloxacin↗
PubMed1989

Elimination of cefuroxime and gentamicin during and after open heart surgery.

In eight consecutive adult heart surgery patients, serum concentrations of cefuroxime and gentamicin were studied during and after operation. Repeated doses of cefuroxime 1.5 g and gentamicin 80 mg were given. Intra-operative concentrations were deemed adequate (cefuroxime Cmin: 16-45 mg/l, gentamicin Cmin: 1.6-2.8 mg/l), and no differences (P = 0.05) could be demonstrated between elimination rates during and after open heart operation (cefuroxime T1/2 101 vs 111 min, gentamicin T1/2 191 vs 193 min).

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Dental procedures and endocarditis prophylaxis in patients with prosthetic heart valves: results of a questionnaire to 220 patients.

220 patients with prosthetic heart valves were surveyed regarding dental status, dental health, patient-dentist relationship, information on dental procedures and antimicrobial prophylaxis at the last visit to the dentist. The vast majority of these patients were on life-long anticoagulant treatment because of mechanical heart valve prostheses. Half of the patients had a regular dentist and customarily visited a dentist one or more times a year. One third of the patients were edentulous and 26.5% of the patients indicated dental disease, including chronic periodontitis. Only 30.4% of the patients received antimicrobial prophylaxis in connection with dental extraction and only 13.8% in connection with scaling. Maintenance of good oral health, routine dental checks and better information to the patients and the dentist are called for.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Capnocytophaga bacteremia complicating premature delivery by cesarean section.

A case of endomyometritis associated with Capnocytophaga ochracea bacteremia following premature delivery is described. The patient, a 30 year old woman without immunological incompetence or other predisposing disease, responded to peroral pivmecillinam. Capnocytophaga spp. should be considered a possible cause of post-partum endometritis.

Adult↗