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Biomedical subjects

E H Cooper

Publications and source records attributed to E H Cooper.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Serum beta-2-microglobulin levels in urological cancer.

Serum beta-2-microglobulin levels were measured in patients with renal, vesical and prostatic cancer. Measurements were made only on samples with a serum creatinine less than or equal to 105 mumol./l. to eliminate the possibility of elevated beta-2-microglobulin being a result of impaired renal function. This criterion eliminated 28 to 50 per cent of the patients with bladder cancer and 73 per cent of those who had undergone nephrectomy for renal carcinoma, which, obviously, limits the value of beta-2-microglobulin measurement for the surveillance in these cancers. Beta-2-microglobulin values in patients with prostatic cancer were seldom increased to more than 3.0 mg./l. In bladder cancer patients with normal serum creatinine the frequency of an elevated serum beta-2-microglobulin increased with the increase in tumor stage.

Beta-Globulins↗
PubMed1979

Acute phase reactant proteins in the clinical management of carcinoma of the bladder.

The levels of a number of acute phase reactant proteins have been measured in 250 patients with carcinoma of the bladder in all stages. Three of them, acid glycoprotein, antichymotrypsin, and C-reactive protein, frequently gave abnormal results in advanced disease. The levels of these 3 proteins in patients who were clinically tumour-free were not distinguishable from those from an age-matched control group. The levels in patients with T1 and T2 bladder tumours were sometimes elevated. In advanced disease, figures were commonly above the normal range.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The monitoring role of plasma CEA alone and in association with other tumor markers in colorectal and mammary carcinoma.

During the past decade, evidence has accumulated to show that most, if not all, human tumors produce a variety of different factors which, if they pass into the blood and/or urine, may serve as tumor index substances (tumor markers).7 Tumor markers may either be: 1) tumor-derived--i.e., produced by the tumor itself, or 2) tumor-associated--i.e., produced by other tissues in response to the presence of the tumor and its local or distant effects on that tissue. Examples of this latter category include the changes in urinary hydroxyproline output in patients with bone metastases or the altered levels of serum acute phase proteins in neoplasia in general.7 Tumor-derived markers may be produced by either the tumor cell population itself, e.g., CEA, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and other oncofetal antigens, inappropriate hormones such as ACTH etc., or by their supporting framework (stroma), e.g., the osteolysins of human breast cancer.3

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

Biochemical markers in Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Vertical studies indicate that, in general, acute phase reactant proteins (APRP) reflect disease activity in both Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Longitudinal studies of the selected APRP profile demonstrate the following: 1. The stable profile is characteristic of remission. 2. Considerable elevation of APRPs coincides with relapsed disease. 3. An unstable profile is a feature of relapsing disease and may give early warning of relapse. 4. Patients responding inadequately to treatment frequently have unstable APRP profiles.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Evaluation of the usefulness of serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels in the management of haematological neoplasia.

The levels of serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and, when appropriate, alkaline phosphatase (AP) and 5'-nucleotidase (NTD) have been measured as a routine in 276 patients with malignant haematological diseases during a 26-month trial period. GGT levels add no prognostic information to the routine haematological surveillance of leukaemia. Polychemotherapy does not appear to be an inducer of liver drug-metabolising microsomal enzymes. Polycythaemia rubra vera, myelofibrosis and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia may cause little change in GGT, AP and NTD levels despite marked hepatomegaly. A raised GGT in Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin lymphoma is generally associated with active and widespread disease, but not necessarily a sign of malignant tissue in the liver. The elevations of GGT in myeloma may be secondary to liver infiltration though this group merits further detailed study.

Hodgkin Disease↗
PubMed1978

Serum prealbumin, retinol-binding protein, transferrin, and albumin levels in patients with large bowel cancer.

In a study of the levels of serum prealbumin (PALB), retinol-binding protein (RBP), transferrin (TF), and albumin (ALB) in patients with large bowel cancer, critical values were established as (g/liter): PALB, 0.15; RBP, 40 X 10(-3); TF, 2.0; and ALB, 30. Values consistently below these were taken as a sign of malnutrition. The proteins in this system were interrelated and tended to show a similar pattern of change. Metastatic colon cancer caused a relatively small decline of ALB compared to the mean in tumor-free patients. PALB was the most sensitive indicator of nutrition, and its levels and rates of change had a prognostic significance. A rapid fall of PALB often occurred 2--3 months prior to the patients's death; this preterminal phase in ambulant patients was frequently heralded by a progressive rise in the level of C-reactive protein in the absence of any obvious infection.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗
PubMed1978

Serial measurement of beta2 microglobulin, acute phase reactant proteins and the ESR in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

Long-term observation of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas indicates they can be sub-divided into two groups with respect to changes in the plasma proteins. The first group has acute phase reactant proteins raised during active disease and sometimes a raised B2m, whilst in remission the protein profile is normal. The second group is typified by a chronic elevation of B2m and ESR but has normal C-RP levels. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia usually has a raised B2 m level and normal acute phase proteins, a subset with low B2 m is described.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Hydrolytic enzymes in colorectal cancer.

Activities of sulphatases A/B, sulphatase C, beta glucuronidase, acid and alkaline phosphatase were measured in 38 cases of colorectal cancer. A wide variation in the levels of individual enzymes was observed, suggesting that certain patients might benefit from therapy with tailor made enzyme activated anti-tumour agent. The activity of sulphatase C was correlated with the other lour, but the enzyme profile could not predict the evofution of the disease.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1977

Cancer markers in patients receiving chemotherapy for colorectal cancer: a preliminary report.

The combination of CEA, hepatic function marker enzymes, and four acute phase reactant proteins (haptoglobin, alpha 1 antitrypsin, alpha 1 acid glycoprotein, and prealbumin) has been used to monitor patients with colorectal cancer receiving chemotherapy. In 18 patients with advanced lesions who survived at least 3 months treatment the markers predicted progression in 92% of 25 incidents of progression; the mean lead time was 2.8 months. A rising CEA was only present in 28%, but in these patients it gave a mean lead time of 4 months. In the group of 14 patients with minimal residual disease progression to clinically detectable disease has occurred in 9 of them. In these cases the markers predicted progression with a mean lead time of 6 months; in a further six patients the markers have indicated progression, but as yet their disease is not detectable, the mean lead time being at least 8.6 months. CEA and the liver enzyme markers are the most sensitive indicators of progression of the minimal residual disease group.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1977

Acute-phase reactant protein profiles: an aid to monitoring large bowel cancer by CEA and serum enzymes.

The profiles of 4 acute-phase reactant proteins (APRPs) (haptoglobin (HPT), alpha1 antitrypsin (AAT), alpha1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) and prealbumin (PALB)) have been studied during the evolution of bowel cancer. Serial measurements of these APRPs can add to the information obtained from measurements of the level of CEA and hepatic enzymes during the monitoring of postoperative patients. There is considerable stability in the profile in a given individual in health, Rises of AAT and AGP are associated with metastases. High levels of HPT may suggest involvement of the bowel wall by recurrent cancer. PALB levels tend to reflect the nutritional status. A discriminant function based on the log CEA, AAT and AGP preoperative blood levels can considerably improve on the predictive value attained using CEA levels alone.

Aged↗