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Biomedical subjects

E H Farthmann

Publications and source records attributed to E H Farthmann.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Acute pseudoobstruction of the colon (Ogilvie syndrome)].

Pseudo-obstruction of the colon was observed in six patients. The cardinal feature is acute distension of the large bowel without distal obstruction. Apart from few idiopathic cases, the syndrome usually is associated with postoperative, posttraumatic or metabolic disorders of extraintestinal origin. Without treatment, increasing distension leads to cecal perforation with a high mortality. Treatment is conservative initially. If decompression by colonoscopy fails, cecostomy or right hemicolectomy are mandatory. The pathophysiologic mechanism of acute colonic pseudoobstruction is unknown. Whether Ogilvie's syndrome is a genuine clinical entity or a complication of associated diseases is still on question.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

[Indications and results of surgical treatment of ulcers. Considerations after the introduction of H2-receptor antagonists].

The worldwide introduction of H2-receptor antagonists has resulted in changes in the management of gastric and duodenal ulcers. Today surgery is reserved mainly for patients with problem ulcers or ulcer complications. In this decision a lower recurrency rate of operative treatment must be weighed against higher immediate risks of this form of therapy. The treatment of choice for duodenal ulcers is the selective proximal vagotomy (SPV) without drainage, for gastric ulcers the partial gastrectomy (Billroth I- or II-procedures) or SPV, depending on their localizations. Only the differentiated use of medical and surgical treatment modalities permits optimal ulcer therapy.

Duodenal Ulcer↗
PubMed1984

Hepatic and extrahepatic glucuronidation of bile acids in man. Characterization of bile acid uridine 5'-diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase in hepatic, renal, and intestinal microsomes.

Microsomal UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity toward the bile acids (chenodeoxycholic, deoxycholic, ursodeoxycholic, lithocholic, and glycolithocholic) has been detected in human specimens of liver, kidney, and intestinal mucosa. The characteristics of hepatic and extrahepatic UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activities toward these bile acids were compared with respect to kinetic parameters and other catalytic properties. Whereas no organ-specific differences in the affinities of individual bile acids to hepatic and extrahepatic UDP-glucuronosyltransferases were observed, the individual bile acids showed reaction rates in liver that were about twice the rates estimated in kidney and about twice to three times the rates observed in duodenal mucosa. In intestinal mucosa the rate of chenodeoxycholic acid glucuronidation exhibited a progressive decrease from duodenum to colon, where it was 30% of the duodenal level. Comparison of the glucuronidation rates that were estimated with different bile acids in hepatic or extrahepatic tissues showed that for each organ a bile acid structure-activity relationship existed, with highest activity observed for lithocholic and ursodeoxycholic acids, which was about twofold higher compared with chenodeoxycholic or deoxycholic acids. Lowest activity was estimated for glycolithocholic acid. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity toward chenodeoxycholic acid was studied in biopsy specimens of liver that were obtained from a large group of patients with the following liver diseases: liver cirrhosis, liver fibrosis, granulomatous hepatitis, fatty liver hepatitis, and fatty liver. A significant decrease in enzyme activity was observed in patients with liver cirrhosis and in patients with granulomatous hepatitis compared with patients without liver disease.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1983

[Diverticulosis of the colon and its complications. Surgical and clinical aspects].

Colonic diverticula in reality are herniations of the mucosa through a thickened musculature of the bowel wall where it is penetrated by the vasa recta. Their prevalence increases with western food and with age. Low-residue diet and increased intraluminal pressure are considered to be etiologic factors. Diverticular disease is characterised by inflammatory and bleeding complications. Diverticulitis may lead to peridiverticulitis and pericolitis with frank peritonitis. Uncomplicated diverticulosis warrants observation only under dietary guidance. Repeated complications indicate elective operation by one-stage-resection. Perforation, abscess and massive bleeding necessitate immediate operative treatment aimed at elimination of the involved segment.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1982

[The blunt abdominal trauma (author's transl)].

Up to 1970 the number of patients suffering from blunt abdominal trauma showed a substantial increase. In more than 50% of all cases there are additional injuries. The most important factor influencing the prognosis of these patients is the early and correct indication for operation and the avoidance of unnecessary laparotomies. As a primary aim in diagnosis one should consider the recognition of an intraperitoneal bleeding without risk for the patient. Peritoneal lavage as an invasive method with low complication rates has proved good. First reports also show good results using the sonography of the abdomen. The recognition of the injured organ allows a carefully directed operation. Concerning the prognosis it is of minor importance. The diagnosis in patients with blunt abdominal trauma at the university clinic of Freiburg consists of: sonography, followed in positive cases by laparotomy or angiography and laparotomy. In cases with questionable results a lavage is done.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1982

[Localization diagnosis and differential diagnosis of postoperative intraperitoneal abscesses using 99m technetium-stannum-colloid-marked granulocytes].

Occult intraperitoneal abscesses are difficult to locate and dispose of. Therefore, a method of examination is needed that is specific, can be used at any time, is not expensive, and yields early results within 2-3 h. This seems possible with a new methods of examination. 99mTc-Sn colloid was used to label autologous polymorphonuclear leukocytes which, when reinjected, emigrate to the site of the suspected abscess. Standard scintigraphy localizes the labeled inflammatory cells. In 32 surgical patients, 34 scans were performed with good results (controlled by greyscale ultrasound); 17 (53.1%) scans represented intraperitoneal abscesses; 3 (9.4%) scans demonstrated true positive extra-abdominal inflammations.

Abscess↗
PubMed1981

[Gastrointestinal hemorrhage].

More than 90% of all acute gastrointestinal bleeding is localized in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Manifestation of bleeding elucidates a life-threatening situation. An immediate planned approach with rapid resuscitation from shock, localization of the source of bleeding, estimation of the intensity of bleeding, and local control is necessary. The outcome is influenced more by patient factors and type of bleeding than by therapy. If local control of the source of bleeding is not feasible, a definitive procedure must be employed rapidly.

Emergencies↗