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Biomedical subjects

E H Graul

Publications and source records attributed to E H Graul.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Measurement of theophylline absorption from different regions of the gastro-intestinal tract using a remote controlled drug delivery device.

The absorption of a theophylline solution containing 80-120 mg doses delivered to different sites in the gastro-intestinal tract has been determined in 3 male volunteers using a remote controlled drug release system (HF-capsule). There was no difference between the stomach, ileum and the colon in the amount of theophylline absorbed (AUC). The T 1/2abs of theophylline absorbed via the colon was prolonged when compared with that entering via the upper gastro-intestinal tract. The results provide a rational basis for the further development of theophylline formulations and are indispensable for planned development and to account for variation in the bioavailability of retarded release drug preparations.

Absorption↗
PubMed1986

Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone.

The dose dependency of the pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone and its influence on the endogenous secretion of cortisol has been studied in healthy females. The maximum plasma level occurred between 1.6 and 2.0 h after doses of 0.5-3.0 mg independent of the type of administration. AUC, distribution volume, plasma clearance and cmax did not increase in proportion to the dose but only by the factor of about 0.6-0.7 after the oral administration of 0.5-1.5 mg. Comparatively high values were reached after 3.0 mg i.m. This may be due to reduced bioavailability of the oral doses. Within the first 12 h after the administration of 0.5-3.0 mg, endogenous cortisol secretion was influenced independent of dose. However, the suppressive effect after 24 h was dose dependent and amounted to approximately 24% for 0.5 mg p.o., 62% for 1.5 mg p.o. and 90% for 3.0 mg i.m. In the case of administration every second day, the integral reduction within 24 h after the administration of 0.5 mg dexamethasone was 44 to 65% and for 1.5 mg between 59 and 62%.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Nuclearmedical tumor diagnosis].

Nuclear medicine diagnosis is an important discipline in cancer searching. By using reliable radiopharmaceuticals practically all organs can be investigated, especially bone cancer.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1976

[Varying standard concentrations as a cause of divergent serum digoxin estimations using radioimmune-essays (author's transl)].

1. The results of various commercial radio-immune essays for digoxin differ and cannot readily be compared. 2. For each RIA it is therefore necessary to determine one's own therapeutic and toxic levels in relation to the clinical requirements. 3. When quoting data, it is necessary to define the method of RIA with its therapeutic and toxic levels. 4. A cause for the high digoxin estimations of 2 RIA's carried out by the same firm has been identified as being due to the low concentration of the standard preparation. 5. The introduction of a defined and obligatory digoxin standard is recommended.

Diagnostic Errors↗
PubMed1975

[Sources of error in the radioimmunochemical determination of digoxin in serum].

In a study with numerous samples of serum we compared 5 Digoxin RIA and evaluated the reliability of tests by simultaneous determinations. There were found considerable differences in the determinations with the various RIA for the same serum; evident differences also were recorded in the recovery and in the reproducibility of the assays. Among some other sources of error the dependence of temperature and of the duration of the dextran-charcoal separation were observed; therefore, the charcoal incubation is recommendable at 4 degrees C. Each laboratory which is able to perform the determinations of digoxin concentrations in the serum should declare its own range for the therapeutic and toxic levels for the used RIA in collaboration with the clinicians.

Absorption↗
PubMed1975

[Technical organisational problems and development tendencies in medical data processing (author's transl)].

All uses of "Medical Data Processing", which make greatly divergent demands on the computer because of the different applications by different user groups, are to be considered from the points of view of hardware, software and organisation. Further possibilities for the complex information systems in the hospital arise from the more recent development of computer technology, also with regard to the reliability of the hardware. Hand in hand with this, an improvement in the system software can be seen for the real-time processing and time sharing. But organisation od design, planning, installation and operation is of particular importance for medical information systems. This also includes the preparatory training of the hospital personnel and the observance of data protection.

Data Display↗
PubMed1975

[Serum dixogin determination. Clinical significance, results and error consideration based on comparative studies with different radioimmunoassays].

In order to compare 5 different radioimmunoassays (RIA's) and their results we determined the digoxin concentration in the serum of 186 patients and point out some sources of error. We consider the following points important: 1. There were found varying results in the determination of digoxin concentration in patient's sera using different RIA's. 2. One of the essential reasons for these differences are discrepancies of the RIA standards which belong to each kit. 3. It should be required that the control standard is equal to all RIA's. 4. Each laboratory which carries out digoxin determinations should, in collaboration with the clinic, work out and announce its own guide-line values for the RIA used in regard to the optimal therapeutic range and also to overdoses.

Cross Reactions↗