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Biomedical subjects

E Haefliger

Publications and source records attributed to E Haefliger.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Hospitalization of tuberculosis patients in Swiss hospitals in 1990].

Despite a wide spectrum of efficient chemotherapies, tuberculosis patients even today are often given inpatient treatment. This fact is shown by the MSV, the Medical Statistics of VESKA (Association of Swiss Hospitals), which is coded according to the ICD key and numbers tuberculosis forms from 010 to 018. The MSV figures for the year 1990 in its associated clinics are: total diagnoses 685,204, principal diagnoses 346,671, number of nursing days 4,613,737 and average stay 13.3 days. At the same time, the following data were registered: total of 1009 hospitalizations with a tuberculosis diagnosis, including 555 patients with a principal diagnosis of tuberculosis. Hospitalizations due to tuberculosis as the principal diagnosis account for 13,995 nursing days, which corresponds to 0.3% of the total. The average hospital stay lasts 25.2 days. In both diagnosis groups, first place is occupied by pulmonary tuberculosis (011) with 67.0% and 70.5% respectively, and among the extrathoracic forms 013-018, urogenital tuberculosis (016) with 6.3% principal diagnosis. The cases with the principal diagnosis of tuberculosis generate (partly calculated, partly estimated) hospital costs of approximately Sfr. 4.9 million and a paid wage total of some Sfr. 1.5 million. In the case of secondary tuberculoses of the 2nd and 3rd position in the statistics, analogous sums of an estimated total of Sfr. 2.4 million are added. It is therefore safe to say that tuberculosis is still not without financial significance in Switzerland.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Current tuberculosis mortality world-wide].

The mortality rate still is an important index for assessment of tuberculosis. Statistical records are kept on the mortality rate on a worldwide basis--more than in the case of other tuberculosis parameters. They allow us to make valuable comparisons. They are also useful because the mortality is closely related to the morbidity. The present thesis is based on comparative figures from the 1989 volume of the WHO Health Statistics Annual. Various countries have been specially selected by the publisher--and subsequently also by us--for sake of clarity. The figures vary strongly within these countries, which was to be expected. The mortality rate varies in Europe (for each 100,000 residents) e.g. from 0.2 in the Netherlands to 8.15 in the Soviet Union. In the Americas the rates vary from 0.4 for Canada to 12.9 for Ecuador. In the Western Pacific region the mortality rates vary from 0.35 for Australia to 14.65 for China. On a worldwide basis, the share of deaths from tuberculosis among all causes of death varies from 0.02% in the Netherlands to 2.10% in the Republic of Korea. The relation of tuberculosis deaths with regard to sexes in Switzerland: 75.7% men, 24.3% women, which is more or less the European average. The lower the mortality rate for tuberculosis are, the lower the difference between the sexes appears to be. Similar facts are found with regard to the distribution of tuberculosis deaths according to age groups: the lower the tuberculosis rate, the more tuberculosis is found in older age groups. The tuberculosis deaths are percentage-wise similarly distributed to the respiratory organs and the other tuberculosis forms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Multifocal diffraction contact lens as an indicator of subjective tolerance of a multifocal diffraction intraocular lens].

The tolerance of a multifocal diffraction contact lens was tested on the better eye (20/40) in a group of twenty cataract patients. The results were later compared with the postoperative tolerance of a multifocal diffraction intraocular lens. Patients manifesting problems with the multifocal contact lens are more likely to have problems with the multifocal intraocular lens. But since the intraocular lens is tolerated much better than the contact lens, this preoperative test would unnecessarily exclude some patients from the benefits of a multifocal diffraction intraocular lens.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Tuberculosis morbidity and infection in Vietnamese in Southeast Asian refugee camps.

During the last decade, the refugee population in less-developed countries has undergone unprecedented growth. High tuberculosis rates have been documented in refugees, particularly among those from Asia and Africa, generating interest in tuberculosis control efforts. To assess the tuberculosis burden among Vietnamese refugees, we screened refugees within 1 or 2 days after arrival in camps in Thailand and in the Philippines. Refugees in camps in Thailand were screened with chest radiographs. Persons with radiographic findings consistent with tuberculosis received microscopic and culture examination of sputum specimens. The prevalence of bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis was 5.8 per 1,000 refugees. Males had a higher risk than females (relative risk RR = 1.7, 95% confidence interval CI = 1.2 to 2.4). Refugees in the Philippines were given a tuberculin skin test. An annual risk of infection of 2.2% was calculated for this group. Males had a higher risk of infection (RR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.5 to 2.4) than females. The age-specific prevalence of tuberculosis and the tuberculous infection increased with age. A high proportion of refugees (85%) with positive tuberculin skin tests were eligible for preventive therapy. Special efforts may be necessary to target Vietnamese refugees, as well as other persons originating from countries of high tuberculosis prevalence, for enhanced diagnostic and preventive intervention against tuberculosis to achieve the national goal of tuberculosis elimination by the year 2010.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Neuhann capsulorhexis: a technic for reliable implantation of the capsule sack].

The Neuhann Capsulorhexis allows for a continuous, circular opening in the anterior lens capsule. After excavation of the lens matter the circular round edge in the anterior capsule provides maximum stability in the zonulolenticular diaphragm and facilitates controlled in-the-bag implantation of the lens haptic. Histologic studies of cadaver eyes have revealed that the correlation between the position of the lens loops as intended by the surgeon intraoperatively and their actual positioning is poor. It has therefore not been possible to prove the advantages of all-in-the-bag implantation as compared to sulcus fixation. The Neuhann Capsulorhexis reduces the morphological variability of the anterior capsule; furthermore, the position of the lens haptic can easily be determined both intraoperatively as well as postoperatively. This is a prerequisite for evaluating the best position for the lens haptic as well as for clinical evaluation of new types of intraocular lens.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Accommodation of an endocapsular silicone lens (Phaco-Ersatz) in the nonhuman primate.

In owl monkeys, as a model of endocapsular cataract extraction, the lens material was removed through a small hole in the capsule and was replaced with a silicone polymeric gel. The ability of this endocapsular implant (Phaco-Ersatz) to accommodate was documented when pilocarpine produced an increase in the curvature of the lens surface and a decrease in the anterior chamber depth, just as occurs with the untouched natural lens. Refinements of the surgical technique are required to achieve a controlled degree of filling of the capsular bag and inhibit postoperative epithelial proliferation on the inner capsular surface.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1985

[Photocoagulation-induced macular scotoma and automated perimetry (Octopus)].

The size of macular scotomata is determined numerically by a series of parallel F2 programs of the Octopus Perimeter. As long as useful foveolar fixation is maintained, the results are reproducible within the limits due to fluctuation of the retinal sensitivity. The scotomata can be mapped on a fundus photograph either by direct calculation or after perimetric determination of a reference distance, e.g., foveola-disc or between angioscotomata. This method furnishes useful information which can facilitate evaluation of different types of lasers in macular photocoagulation.

Adult↗