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Biomedical subjects

E Hall

Publications and source records attributed to E Hall.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Effect of aging on epidermal dendritic cell populations in C57BL/6J mice.

The density and function of epidermal dendritic cell populations were investigated in aged C57BL/6J mice. The densities of both Langerhans cells (LC) and Thy-1+ dendritic epidermal cells were found to decrease with age. Epidermal cell suspensions from aged mice showed impaired immunologic function as assessed in vitro by the skin-lymphocyte reaction assay and by measuring the ability of epidermal cell suspensions to stimulate the proliferation of sensitized T cells in the presence of the sensitizing antigen. However, the capacity of LC to transport antigen from the skin to the draining lymph nodes was found in vivo to be comparable to that of young mice. Results of transplantation of bone marrow cells from young and old donors into irradiated recipients indicate that the decreased Langerhans cell density found in old mice may result from a deficiency in Langerhans cell bone marrow progenitors.

Aging↗
PubMed1990

Continuous veno-venous hemodialysis (CVVHD) in the management of complicated renal failure.

CVVHD is an effective treatment of choice applicable to all critically ill unstable patients with CARF. It is a technique that offers clinical advantages. It is easily initiated. It offers good clearance. Its closed dialysate circuit offers accurate control of UF that is adaptable to the patient's needs. The use of a blood pump reduces the risks of heparin-induced bleeding and arterial cannulation. In all patients, the blood flow rate was maintained at 100 ml/min. or more regardless of systemic BP. The UF removed per hour was between 100-200 mls/hour. Fluid removal on overloaded patients was easily accomplished with stable hemodynamic status. Adequate parenteral nutrition was able to be maintained to meet the requirement of the patients. The accuracy of the UF pump, no large volume fluid replacement and the safeguard of a closed system facilitates the work of the ICU nurses who have few or no adjustments to perform. Experience with CVVHD has proven that nurses working in the ICU are willing to be trained to take responsibility for this mode of treatment.

Hemofiltration↗
PubMed1989

Declining mortality from ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease in Australia.

The authors examined the patterns of mortality from ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease in Australia for men and women aged 30-84 years during the period 1950-1986 to assess the relative contributions of period and cohort effects on changes in the mortality rates. Death rates for ischemic heart disease increased from 1950 to the late 1960s and then declined. Although the relative magnitude of the decline was greater among younger age groups, decreasing mortality rates were experienced in all age groups, including the oldest. The period effect was dominant so that each successive cohort experienced lower age-specific mortality rates after the late 1960s. Death rates for cerebrovascular disease for both sexes and all age groups have declined since the early 1950s, although the rate of change was less in 1961-1971 and greater before and after this period. No cohort effect was demonstrated for either disease. Changes in diet, decreasing prevalence of cigarette smoking, and increasing treatment of hypertension throughout the period and improved coronary care from the late 1960s onward are all consistent with the mortality trends.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Nutritional myopathy in goats.

A nutritional myopathy in unweaned fibre goats aged 2 to 4 mths is described in 3 flocks from the tablelands of New South Wales. Clinically affected animals were illthrifty and in circulatory failure prior to being found dead. At necropsy, there was pronounced ascites, pulmonary congestion and marked mottling of the liver. Chalky white streaks and patches were obvious in the myocardium, particularly in the right ventricular wall. Skeletal muscles varied from grossly normal to generally pale. Histologically, the myocardium exhibited areas of severe acute myonecrosis with mineralisation and adjoining areas of phagocytosis and fibrosis. In 2 of 3 flocks, some skeletal muscles showed a mild subacute myopathy. Marked hepatic congestion extended to periacinar haemorrhage and necrosis in some areas. Dietary imbalances of selenium, vitamin E and polyunsatured fatty acids were probable factors in the pathogenesis of the condition.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Outbreaks of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in colonies of immunodeficient mice.

Outbreaks of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia occurred in colonies of nu/nu and scid/scid mice at four different institutions. The disease, which was characterized by chronic wasting and respiratory insufficiency, was more severe in older mice and in animals housed in cages with special protective tops. Histopathologic features included alveolar filling with the typical foamy honeycomb material and a mild, nonspecific host inflammatory response. Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting studies suggested the P. carinii isolate was of mouse rather than of rat or human origin, and the outbreaks could be related to each other by common vendor or source of breeding animals. Once P. carinii became established in a mouse colony, the organism tended to persist for long periods of time. The principal control measure was depopulation of the colony, although limited experience with the administration of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was encouraging. Thus, outbreaks of pneumocystosis are a serious problem among colonies of immunodeficient mice, with important implications for the use of these animals in biomedical research. Data obtained by studying these outbreaks should enhance understanding of the pathogenesis of P. carinii pneumonia and be helpful in formulating improved methods of detection and control.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Increase in radioresponse of murine tumors by treatment with indomethacin.

Indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis, was investigated for its ability to increase radioresponse of two fibrosarcomas, FSA and NFSA, in C3Hf/Kam mice. In addition, the effect of indomethacin on radioresponse of hematopoietic tissue, jejunum, hair follicles, and tissues involved in the development of radiation-induced leg contractures was determined. Indomethacin greatly increased radioresponse of 8-mm tumors, as assessed by both tumor growth delay and TCD50 assays. Enhancement factors for tumor growth delay and tumor radiocurability (TCD50) were 1.55 and 1.39, respectively, for FSA, and 1.4 and 1.26, respectively, for NFSA tumors. Of four normal tissues assessed, two (hair follicles and tissues responsible for development of leg contractures) showed no change in radioresponse after treatment with indomethacin, one (hematopoietic tissue) exhibited radioprotection, and one (jejunum) exhibited slight radiosensitization (enhancement factor, 1.12). Therefore, indomethacin significantly augmented tumor radiocurability but had minimal effect on radioresponse of some normal tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Serum stimulation of prostacyclin synthesis in aortically, venously and microvascularly derived endothelial cells.

The existence of factors in plasma and/or serum that can stimulate prostacyclin production in endothelial cells has been reported. An absence or deficiency of these factors has been suggested as a contributory factor in certain disease states involving microvascular thrombosis. The ability of aortic, venous and microvascular-derived endothelial cells to respond to serum stimulation was investigated. All of the endothelial cells were stimulated by serum, regardless of their origin. However, the microvascular cells produced the least amount of prostacyclin and the venous cells produced the most.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1986

Characterization of somatomedins from human fetal brain: identification of a variant form of insulin-like growth factor I.

A fetal form of somatomedin (insulin-like growth factor) that crossreacts in the fetal brain radioreceptor assay has been proposed to exist in humans. Using this assay to monitor activity during purification, we have isolated a variant form of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) from human fetal brain tissue. The variant IGF-I showed potent crossreaction in the fetal brain radioreceptor assay and stimulated DNA synthesis in fetal brain cells in vitro. Structural analysis revealed the variant IGF-I to have a truncated NH2-terminal region compared to IGF-I isolated from serum. An additional peptide, which displayed less potent crossreaction in the fetal brain radioreceptor assay, was also isolated from the human fetal brain. Partial amino acid sequence analysis revealed identity to insulin-like growth factor II.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Relationship between perceptual style and ability to reproduce a standard work task.

The present study examined the relationship between perceptual style and perception of physical effort. Perceptual style of 10 men and 10 women was assessed by the rod-and-frame apparatus. Perception of physical effort was defined as the difference in heart-rate responses between a standard work task and the subject's self-selected task. Heart-rate response on the pre-selected standard work task on a cycle ergometer (600 kpm.min.-1) was extremely variable, ranging from 111 to 188 beats per minute (M = 153 +/- 23.5). However, average error between heart rate during the standard work task and the subjects' self-adjusted workload was extremely low (range 0 to 18 beats per minute; M = 5.4 +/- 5.5 beats per minute). Pearson correlation of .78 showed a moderate relationship between heart rate and rating of perceived effort, but was nonsignificant (-.12) between perceptual style and perception of physical effort. The data confirm the absence of a significant relationship between perceptual style (i.e., field dependence-independence) and ability to reproduce a standard work task. In addition, these results suggest that there has been possible bias in studies of relationships between heart rate and rating of perceived effort or workload and rating of perceived effort during incremental testing.

Adult↗