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Biomedical subjects

E Hallyburton

Publications and source records attributed to E Hallyburton.

2 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Plasma leptin in chronic inflammatory bowel disease and HIV: implications for the pathogenesis of anorexia and weight loss.

1. Leptin inhibits food intake and is an important regulator of long-term energy balance. In rodents, plasma concentrations of leptin are increased by administration of interleukin-1 and tumour necrosis factor. Hyperleptinaemia may mediate the anorexia and weight loss which is observed in chronic infections and inflammatory conditions. 2. Plasma leptin and soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor (sTNF-r55) concentrations were measured in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and healthy controls. 3. The patients with AIDS were severely wasted [% body fat 12 (9-16); median (interquartile range)] compared with those with inflammatory bowel disease [25.1 (19-31.5)] and control subjects [29.4 (23.6-37.8)]. Leptin concentrations were highly correlated with percentage body fat in controls (r = 0.74, P < 0.001) and patients with IBD (r = 0.73, P < 0.001) but not in the patients with AIDS (r = -0.024). Leptin concentrations were similar in the inflammatory bowel disease [4.8 (2.6-10.1) ng/ml] and control groups [8.0 (3.1-14.1) ng/ml] but were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in patients with AIDS [1.8 (1.5-2.3) ng/ml] after 23 patients were matched for sex and percentage body fat in patients with inflammatory bowel disease [2.4 (1.8-4.1) ng/ml]. Plasma concentrations of sTNF-r55 were higher in both the patients with inflammatory bowel disease [0.19 (0.16-0.23) ng/ml] and those with AIDS [4.8 (2.8-7.3) ng/ml] compared with controls [0.14 (0.09-0.16) ng/ml] but were not correlated with either percentage body fat or plasma leptin concentrations. 4. Hyperleptinaemia does not appear to mediate the anorexia and weight loss associated with inflammatory bowel disease and AIDS. In patients with AIDS with extreme wasting there was no relationship between body fat and leptin and this may be related to the rapid weight loss which occurs in these patients.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1997

Drinking before endoscopy: milk or water?

BACKGROUND: The traditional fluid fast prior to endoscopy is unnecessary. We have previously shown that drinking water prior to endoscopy does not affect either the quality of mucosal views or residual gastric fluid volumes when compared to patients undergoing endoscopy after a standard fast. The present study was designed to establish whether milk, which may delay gastric emptying, could also be drunk prior to endoscopy without adverse effect. METHODS: Forty-eight patients (mean age 48 years, range 20 to 79) undergoing routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy after overnight fast were randomized to drink 200 ml of either still mineral water or full fat milk. Endoscopy was performed 90 minutes later, when all residual gastric fluid was aspirated via the endoscope. Volume and pH of gastric aspirate were measured and the quality of the mucosal view at endoscopy recorded as poor, adequate, or excellent. RESULTS: No difference was shown between water (n = 27) and milk (n = 21) drinkers in residual gastric volume (mean +/- SEM, water vs milk) (16.0 ml +/- 1.5 vs 18.9 ml +/- 2.9) or pH (2.23 +/- 0.14 vs 2.48 +/- 0.14). Of those patients with poor, adequate, or excellent views, 4 of 4, 11 of 12, and 6 of 32 patients, respectively, were milk drinkers (chi-squared test for trend = 21.7, df = 1, p < 0.001), indicating significantly worse mucosal views in the group drinking milk. CONCLUSION: Drinking water up to 90 minutes prior to endoscopy is safe, but milk should be discouraged because of suboptimal mucosal views.

Animals↗