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Biomedical subjects

E Hammer

Publications and source records attributed to E Hammer.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Results of the multicenter evaluation of a novel homogeneous immunoassay for digoxin based on the cloned enzyme donor immunoassay technology.

A new CEDIA assay for the measurement of digoxin in serum on random access analyzers was evaluated by twelve laboratories in Europe and the United States. Studies on the analytical range, reproducibility, calibration stability, recovery in controls, interlaboratory comparability, comparability with routine methods, and the effect of various interfering factors have been performed and the results are presented in this paper. The analytical performance was comparable to that of routine methods provided the manual pipetting step for pre-incubation was performed with accurate pipettes. A major advantage of the CEDIA Digoxin assay in terms of convenience is the simple two-point calibration procedure. Moreover, digoxin can be determined within 15 minutes after receiving the samples on random access analyzers like Boehringer Mannheim/Hitachi analysis systems. Thus, the CEDIA Digoxin assay represents an attractive alternative to the measurement of digoxin on dedicated immunochemical assay systems.

Calibration↗
PubMed1992

Results of the multicenter evaluation of a homogeneous immunoassay for digitoxin based on the cloned enzyme donor immunoassay technology.

We evaluated a CEDIA assay for the determination of digitoxin in serum on random access analyzers. The multicenter evaluation included studies on the analytical range, calibration stability and reproducibility of the new assay. Moreover, recovery in controls, transferability of results obtained in different laboratories, comparability with routine methods, and the effect of various interfering factors have been analyzed. Summarized the analytical performance was comparable to that of routine methods. The CEDIA Digitoxin assay represents an attractive alternative to established digitoxin immunoassays because it can be performed on random access analyzers, thus permitting the simultaneous determination of digitoxin and other serum analytes without sample splitting.

Digitoxin↗
PubMed1991

The role of polyols in cerebral cell volume regulation in hypernatremic and hyponatremic states.

To clarify the role of the sugar polyols, sorbitol and myo-inositol, in cerebral cell volume regulation, we studied the effect of sorbinil, an inhibitor of aldose and aldehyde reductase, on the size of the cerebral water compartments in rats with hypernatremia, hyponatremia and normonatremia. Experimental animals were pretreated with sorbinil, while comparison rats received the drug vehicle. Rats were made hypernatremic for 96 h by water deprivation and injections of hypertonic saline, while hyponatremia was provoked over 48 h by daily administration of 5% dextrose in water and vasopressin. Sorbinil treatment was continued throughout the hyper- and hyponatremic periods. The severity of hypernatremia and hyponatremia was similar in sorbinil-treated and corresponding vehicle-treated rats. Brain electrolyte content and the size of the cerebral intracellular water compartment were comparable in sorbinil-treated rats vs. controls under hypernatremic and hyponatremic conditions. Sorbinil reduced the cerebral sorbitol content by approximately 50%, irrespective of the serum Na+ concentration. In contrast, sorbinil had no effect on brain myo-inositol content which rose by 114% during chronic hypernatremia (P less than 0.0001). Cerebral levels of myo-inositol did not decline in hyponatremic rats. We conclude that (1) sorbitol is not an essential cerebral osmolyte; and (2) myo-inositol is involved in the maintenance of brain cell volume during severe hypernatremia but not under hyponatremic conditions.

Aldehyde Reductase↗
PubMed1991

An innovative program for multihandicapped deaf students using the FSSI.

Teachers in public schools now have more students with more severe disabilities than they did in the past. Unfortunately, efforts to provide them with a quality education have been hampered by a lack of focused instructional planning. This article describes an innovative program developed for deaf multihandicapped students that has created an integrated focus for instruction. The organizing framework for the program incorporates the Functional Skills Screening Inventory, a domain referenced assessment of living and working skills. This structured approach enables teachers to identify current functional levels, develop meaningful short- and long-term objectives, and monitor student progress throughout their educational programs. It also facilitates long-range planning and evaluation of the instructional program on an ongoing basis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Interdigestive motilin secretion and gallstone disease.

Plasma motilin concentrations were measured in eight controls and 11 patients with radiolucent gallstones over a period of 3-4 h following an overnight fast. In five of these patients the interdigestive motor complex (IDMC) was studied simultaneously. The results indicate: a) cyclical changes of plasma motilin concentrations (mean cycle duration 110 +/- 9.9 and 102 +/- 8.4 min, means +/- SEM) and a significant correlation between the basal intercyclical motilin concentrations and the age (p less than 0.02) in the controls and the gallstone patients studied, and b) a significant correlation between the maximal motilin increase and the age in the controls (p less than 0.01) but not in the gallstone patients. The results therefore suggest a different behaviour of the interdigestive motilin patterns in controls and gallstone patients. As the motilin cycles were accompanied in 90% with an IDMC in the five patients studied this conclusion might include an abnormal interdigestive motor activity within the intestinal tract in gallstone patients.

Cholelithiasis↗
PubMed1982

Pulse width dependent increase in the pacemaker automatic interval.

From a total of 51 patients equipped with rate and pulse width adjustable pulse generators (Microlith-P 0505, Microthin-PI 0522) implanted over the last 3 years, 10 (19.6%) showed an unexpected drop in pacemaker pulse rate during pulse width programming. For one of the pulse generators used (Microthin-PI 0522), unexpected rate decrease occurred in 7/13 cases (53.8%). For all except one patient, decrease in pacemaker pulse rate corresponded with the total refractory period of the pulse generator ( 320 ms), at a certain pulse width when rate drop first occurred. In seven of the patients the pulse generator automatic interval was extended from 13 ms to 171 ms beyond the refractory period. In two patients it was necessary to replace the pulse generators. Our study strongly proves that this abnormal pacemaker functioning is a result of sensing of the polarization voltage at the pacemaker electrode/tissue interface and/or the T-wave. The polarization voltage is highly dependent on the total pacemaker electrode/tissue interface impedance. Using typical values for pulse generator output and input resistance and output capacitance, Faraday resistance, Helmholtz capacitance and tissue resistance at the electrode/tissue interface it was shown mathematically that in some cases the polarization voltage alone would be of sufficient amplitude and slew rate for pacemaker inhibition. The study demonstrates an urgent need for change in the filter characteristics by making the pulse generators less sensitive in the low frequency region and reducing the polarization voltage by reducing the output circuit capacitance.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[BCG vaccination and manifest tuberculosis].

Due to the findings in 10 children with tuberculosis, which has been proved by cultural methods or animal test, it is advisable to take the following into consideration: The possibility of tuberculosis must be assumed for each BCG-vaccination child, that shows symptoms of disease of uncertain aetiology and that has had or might have had contact with a person with active tuberculosis. Among the diagnostic procedure proof and typing of the tubercle bacillus are considered to be most important.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Pulmonary sequestration (author's transl)].

Pulmonary sequestration is a relatively rare condition in which a part of lung tissue has no or only a secondary connection with the tracheobronchial tree. Blood supply comes from the aorta in anomalous branches. Sequestrations may be intra- or extralobar. Gerle et al. include both types in the general term congenital bronchopulmonary foregut malformation. Two surgically confirmed observations of bilateral intralobar pulmonary sequestrations are reported. The clinical features are recurrent respiratory infections with cough, fever and purulent sputum. X-rays only show nonspecific alterations. Chronic changes in the lower lobes should draw attention to pulmonary sequestration. Thoracic aortography is the procedure of choice in establishing the diagnosis and should always be carried out preoperatively. Segmental resection or lobectomy is the indicated treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The effect of D-ser (TBU)6-LH-RH-EA10 upon gonadotropin release in normally cyclic women.

D-Ser (TBU)6-LH-RH-EA10 (HOE 766) was found to be approximately 40-times as effective as LH-RH in stimulating LH and FSH release in normally cyclic women. The most pronounced reaction was seen in the late follicular phase, the least one in the early follicular phase. Maximal serum gonadotropin levels were found 4 h after the injection of HOE 766. When 5 microgram was injected every 8 h for 3 days, the initially high release of LH and FSH declined progressively to almost nil.

Adult↗