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Biomedical subjects

E Hartmann

Publications and source records attributed to E Hartmann.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

A mammalian homolog of SEC61p and SECYp is associated with ribosomes and nascent polypeptides during translocation.

SEC61p is essential for protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane of S. cerevisiae. We have found a mammalian homolog that shows more than 50% sequence identity with the yeast protein. Moreover, several regions of SEC61p have significant similarities with corresponding ones of SecYp of bacteria, indicating a strong evolutionary conservation of the mechanism of protein translocation. Mammalian Sec61p, like the yeast protein, is located in the immediate vicinity of nascent polypeptides during their membrane passage. It is tightly associated with membrane-bound ribosomes, suggesting that the nascent chain passes directly from the ribosome into a protein-conducting channel. These results define Sec61p as a ubiquitous key component of the protein translocation apparatus.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

A protein of the endoplasmic reticulum involved early in polypeptide translocation.

To identify components of the mammalian endoplasmic reticulum involved in the translocation of secretory proteins, crosslinking and reconstitution methods were combined. A multispanning abundant membrane glycoprotein was found which is in proximity to nascent chains early in translocation. In reconstituted proteoliposomes, this protein is stimulatory or required for the translocation of secretory proteins.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

[Diagnosis of dysarthria with the "Munich Intelligibility Profile"--construction of the procedure and its use].

No German-based methods for reliable assessment of the intelligibility of dysarthric speech have yet been described. The techniques usually applied in clinical diagnostics take no account of the various factors influencing the understanding of spoken language. They also fail to differentiate between individual patterns of impaired intelligibility. The intelligibility profile presented here controls for the most relevant influencing factors and allows us to discern therapeutically relevant patterns of disturbed intelligibility. The principles of its construction and some applications are presented.

Cerebellar Diseases↗
PubMed1991

Effects of day care and maternal teaching on child educability.

Two groups of matched mother-child pairs, a day care sample (N = 38) and a home reared sample (N = 38) participated in a study testing mothers for degree of decentred teaching and children for degree of decentred educability. The children were seven years old. Mother and child were tested in separate settings, thus preventing interdependency among scores. The study used a matched-pair design with control of five background variables; age of the child, mother's educational level, mother's occupational status, family SES level, and type of family. The results showed strong positive effects of both day care experience and maternal teaching on child educability. Day care experience improved the educability of children independent of the mother's teaching strategy and gender of the child.

Achievement↗
PubMed1991

Nucleotide-activated oligosaccharides are intermediates of the cell wall polysaccharide of Methanosarcina barkeri.

The cell wall of Methanosarcina barkeri consists of a heteropolysaccharide (methanochondroitin), which resembles the eukaryotic chondroitin. From cell extracts of Methanosarcina barkeri four uridine diphosphate and one undecaprenyl pyrophosphate-activated intermediate(s) of the methanochondroitin were isolated. In contrast to the known biosynthetic pathways of polysaccharides from other prokaryotes and eukaryotes, nucleotide activated oligosaccharide precursors are involved in the case of the methanochondroitin. Usually, oligosaccharides are synthesized at the lipid stage.

Amino Sugars↗
PubMed1979

[Improved method for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (author's transl)].

Based on a sample of 953 subjects without known metabolic abnormalities and a sample of 186 diabetics a classification rule was developed by a quadratic discriminant analysis. The measurements of blood glucose 1 and 2 h after the oral administration of 100 g oligosaccharids are used to classify the patients into the categories of "healthy", "suspect" and "diabetic". The rates of false positive and false negative classification were estimated from a second sample of 128 non-diabetic and 73 diabetics. By administration of 100 g oligosaccharids these rates were found to be 3.1% and 0%, respectively. An analogous study for the administration of 100 g glucose was based on a different sample of N = 472, 99 diabetics included. Misclassification rates were found to be 1.6% and 2.7%, respectively. For practical application of the rules two-dimensional netplanes are given.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1979

Sleep induced by L-tryptophan. Effect of dosages within the normal dietary intake.

Previous results have demonstrated sleep-inducing effects of L-tryptophan in doses of 1 to 15 g at bedtime. The present laboratory study extends the dose-response curve downward, comparing doses of 1/4 g, 1/2 g, and 1 g of L-tryptophan with placebo, in 15 mild insomniacs (subjects who reported sleep latencies of over 30 minutes). One gram of L-tryptophan significantly reduced sleep latency: the lower doses produced a trend in the same direction. Stage IV sleep was significantly increased by 1/4 g of L-tryptophan. These results at low doses have interesting implications since the normal dietary intake of L-tryptophan is 1/2 g to 2 g per day.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The psychological effects of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibition in normal subjects.

Acute administration of the dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) inhibitor, fusaric acid, combined with L-dopa, 500 mg, produced discernible psychological abnormalities in normal subjects. These were not found after L-dopa alone, or after placebo. The changes, lasting a few hours, were manifested by significant increases in "total psychopathology," and in a number of subscales on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Changes were also found in mood ratings on adjective checklists, and inkblot tests. A variety of effects were found on psychiatric interview. Since DBH does not occur in dopamine neurons, it is likely that the psychological effects were due to changes in dopamine or norepinephrine in norepinephrine neurons.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Daytime state and night-time sleep; a sleep study after a marathon group experience.

The nocturnal sleep of 9 subjects was recorded under two conditions following a "normal" weekend and following a weekend in which the subjects participated in a psychodynamic marathon group activity. Differences between the two experimental conditions were found for sleep latency and on one measurement of D-latency. Both latencies were reduced after the marathon group. No differences were found on the remaining 12 measurements. These findings tend to reaffirm the stability of sleep patterns under various pre-sleep conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Studies of drugs without randomization (author's transl)].

Post marketing studies of drugs are frequently performed without randomization. In this paper the most important differences between controlled clinical trials and epidemiologic studies are discussed from a cognitive theoretical point of view. It is shown that on the transition of informations from the basic population to the document many biases may arise so that the feasibility of interpreting epidemiologic studies is doubtful. Hence, epidemiologic studies only allow us to make statements on differences between populations but not on the reasons causing them; they merely contribute to the generation of certain hypothesis on the action of drugs. These hypothesis can only be tested in experiments.

Drug Evaluation↗