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Biomedical subjects

E Heiberg

Publications and source records attributed to E Heiberg.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

High-resolution real-time sonography of scrotal varicocele.

Real-time sonography of the scrotal veins was performed in 13 subjects with clinically obvious or small varicocele and in 10 normal controls. In normals, the vessels were 0.5-1.5 mm in caliber and a main draining vein up to 2 mm often was seen. In all varicoceles, numerous dilated, tortuous, branching vessels of uniform size were observed. Vessels of different lesions varied in caliber from 2 to 5 mm. Blood flow was seen in some normal vessels, and sluggish flow was observed in all varicoceles. The direction of visualized flow and the influence on flow of the upright position and Valsalva maneuver were shown with confidence only in large and medium-sized lesions. In these the findings were consistent with incompetence of the internal spermatic venous system. The cystic spaces in multiloculated spermatoceles or epididymal cysts varied more in size, were not tubular or branching, and no flow phenomenon was seen at high gain settings. Sonography provides an alternative to other noninvasive tests for detection of a small varicocele, especially in the infertile patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The role of computed tomography in pelvic fractures.

Adequate radiologic demonstration of the extent of pelvic fractures facilitates planning of their treatment by the orthopedic surgeon. Traditionally, this evaluation has been by conventional radiology. This report details results of computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation of pelvic fractures in 34 patients. In most cases, CT was able to identify and delineate the extent of fractures, demonstrate displacement of the involved bones, localize bone fragments and characterize joint derangements. Many of these features were better demonstrated at CT compared with conventional radiographs. In particular, in 10 patients loose bodies were seen at CT that were not evident on conventional radiography. The extent of associated soft tissue injury is also well shown by CT and demonstrated peripelvic or intraarticular fluid collections can be aspirated under CT guidance to rule out sepsis. This study suggests that CT is useful in the assessment of major pelvic fractures.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1982

Normal thymus: CT characteristics in subjects under age 20.

The chest computed tomographic (CT) scans of 40 subjects aged 20 or younger were analyzed retrospectively with special attention to the anterior mediastinum and the thymus. Thirty-four of the patients were considered to have normal CT appearances of the anterior mediastinum; neoplasm was suspected at this site in the other six. In the normal group, the gland was consistently identified as a characteristic anterior mediastinal structure. It had smooth, undulating, lateral contours tending to be convex laterally in the very young and concave laterally at an older age, although there was overlap in many in whom the shape of the lateral contours was a combination of convex, concave, or straight. A sharp angular contour to the lateral margin of the thymus was seen occasionally and is also thought to be characteristic of normal thymus. The posterior border of the gland molded to the heart and great vessels in all patients. The anterior contour was molded to the anterior chest wall or had a pointed shape directed toward the sternum. Molding to the mediastinum and chest wall was not found or was present to only a limited degree in the patients with anterior mediastinal tumor. Attenuation values varied between different normal glands and within the same gland on both pre- and postcontrast scans. Recognition of normal variation in the CT appearance of the thymus in young patients may prevent false-positive diagnosis of neoplasm.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Utility of CT-guided abdominal aspiration procedures.

Over 200 consecutive diagnostic needle aspiration procedures of the abdomen were performed under computed tomographic (CT) guidance. Biopsies were done of the liver in 88 patients, the pancreas in 28, the kidney in 20, and the retroperitoneum in 32; 30 underwent an aspiration procedure for characterization of an intraabdominal fluid collection. Accuracy of diagnosis was very high for hepatic (99%) and renal (100%) biopsies and in characterization of fluid collections (100%). Accuracy for retroperitoneal biopsy was 87.5% and for pancreatic biopsy 82%. Overall accuracy for all sites was 95%. There were one false-negative diagnosis for the liver and five false-negative diagnoses for the pancreas. Insufficient material was obtained for diagnosis in four instances of retroperitoneal biopsy. There were no false positives. The technique is facilitated by rapid CT scan time, large aperture gantry, and rapid CT image reconstruction. Twenty gauge needles were used more frequently than 22 gauge needles because of their greater rigidity and ease of control. CT-guided diagnostic aspiration procedures are particularly useful for diagnosis of small, deep-seated lesions and in evaluation of lesions found in severely ill patients. An experienced cytologist is essential to the success of the technique.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1981

CT diagnosis of venous pseudotumors in the chest and abdomen.

Appearances simulating neoplastic masses were found in five patients undergoing computed tomographic (CT) scanning of the chest and abdomen for a variety of indications. In each case the appearance was shown to be due to dilated collateral venous channels in association with portal hypertension or interruption of the inferior vena cava. The vascular origin of the masses was confirmed by CT scanning during intravenous bolus injection of contrast. Angiographic confirmation was obtained in three subjects. Enlarged collateral veins should be considered in the differential diagnosis of appearances suggesting mediastinal or abdominal lymphadenopathy at CT scanning.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1981

Computed tomography in the diagnosis of gluteal abscess and other peripelvic fluid collections.

During an 18 month period, five patients of all those being investigated by computed tomography (CT) for suspected abscess were found to have localized peripelvic extraabdominal fluid collections. In three, this was due to primary abscess or pyarthrosis and to probable secondary infection of a degenerated hematoma or seroma in two. The lesions were responsible for or considered contributory to the patient's febrile illness in each case. The collections were inconspicuous or poorly localized clinically but readily apparent on CT. Treatment by CT guided needle aspiration or operative drainage was performed in each patient and was followed by relief of symptoms and fever.

Abscess↗
PubMed1981

The direct visualization of blood flow by real-time ultrasound: clinical observations and underlying mechanisms.

The observation of spontaneous low-amplitude echoes from the blood in the larger blood vessels has not been satisfactorily explained. In vitro experiments were performed to study flowing and stationary blood by ultrasound. In both cases numerous low-level echoes were seen in blood and suspensions of washed red cells. No echoes were observed in plasma or solutions of hemoglobin. It was concluded that the red blood cells is the most likely scattering agent responsible for the contrast effect observed clinically.

Aneurysm↗
PubMed1981

CT findings in thoracic aortic dissection.

Computed tomography (CT) findings in 11 cases of aortic dissection were correlated with aortographic, surgical, or postmortem findings. In another two patients, the CT findings were considered diagnostic of aortic dissection but no further workup was performed. All the CT examinations were made before and after bolus injection of contrast. Many of the familiar angiographic signs were appreciated on CT, such as a thickened aortic wall, septum between two opacifying lumens, differential time density between the two lumens, and compression of the true lumen. No false-positive or false-negative studies were encountered. This experience suggests that CT is a reliable, noninvasive method for the diagnosis of aortic dissection.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Erosive azotemic osteodystrophy.

Serial macroradiographs of the hands of 80 patients on maintenance hemodialysis were reviewed to assess the frequency and distribution of articular and periarticular erosions. Articular and periarticular erosions are common and were demonstrated in 24 (30%) of 80 patients. The pattern and distribution of the erosions are unlikely to be confused with any of the well known erosive arthropathies except in an unusual circumstance. The presence and severity of the erosions do not correlate with the severity of subperiosteal resorption of the middle phalanges and in several instances were accompanied only with resorption of the phalangeal tufts. The erosions may progress with time, but do not seem to have any bearing on clinical symptoms. In no instance did the erosions disappear after removal of parathyroid adenomas. Recognition of the frequency of these erosions broadens the spectrum of skeletal changes found in azotemic osteodystrophy, but does not in any way warrant further investigation since they are clinically innocuous.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Demonstration of unsuspected malignant disease of the pericardium by computed tomography.

Massive pericardial effusion associated with mediastinal neoplasm was first diagnosed by findings at computed tomography (CT) in two patients. In each case the CT findings prompted urgent pericardiocentesis for relief of pericardial tamponade. One of the patients was subsequently found to have a widely disseminated renal papillary adenocarcinoma, and the other had fibrosarcomatous mesothelioma of the pericardium. The role of CT in the diagnosis of pericardial disease is discussed.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CT characteristics of aortic atherosclerotic aneurysm versus aortic dissection.

In an attempt to better define criteria for the diagnosis of atherosclerotic aneurysm (AA) and aortic dissection (AD) using CT the scans of 60 documented aortic lesions were reviewed. Hyperdensity of the aortic wall at multiple levels was found to be specific for AD. Central displacement of atheromatous calcification and deformity of the residual aortic lumen were more common in AD than in AA. Peripheral location of aortic wall calcification and a round aortic lumen in cross section were more common in AA than in AD. Central calcification in AA appeared to be associated with a serious short-term prognosis in several cases. A thickened aortic wall of low density was more common in AA than in acute AD, but this relationship was not significant when acute and chronic ADs were considered as a single group. Wall thickness correlated with cross-sectional size of the aortic lesion in AA but not in AD. The mean maximum wall thickness exceeded 1 cm for both AA and AD and was not significantly different between the two; contrary statements have been made in the angiographic literature.

Aortic Dissection↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ipsilateral decubitus position for percutaneous CT-guided adrenal biopsy.

Positioning the patient on the side to be biopsied elevates and relatively immobilizes the diaphragmatic leaf on the dependent side, allowing percutaneous adrenal needle biopsy by a direct posterior approach without traversing lung tissue. The ipsilateral decubitus position was used successfully for biopsy of four small adrenal lesions in which lung precluded a direct posterior approach in the prone position. In addition, the relative stability of the diaphragmatic leaf further facilitated accurate needle placement.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A magnetic resonance imaging study of horizontal rectus muscle palsies.

The assessment of extraocular muscle function is usually performed indirectly by an examination of ocular motility. We have utilized magnetic resonance imaging, in both cine and static modes, to directly observe the contractility behavior of the extraocular muscles. This noninvasive technique was applied to the study of patients with horizontal rectus muscle palsies. In all cases, the palsied muscle was of a smaller diameter than its normal counterpart. This size differential was noted in all fields of gaze. Additional studies are required to determine the relative contributions of denervation atrophy and loss of tonus to this diminution of muscle size.

Abducens Nerve↗