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Biomedical subjects

E Heineken

Publications and source records attributed to E Heineken.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

An experimental test of two mathematical models applied to the size-weight illusion.

Two quantitative models, which make different quantitative predictions for the amount of the size-weight illusion, were tested according to the psychophysical methods employed by the respective authors (magnitude estimation versus category ratings). Both models with their corresponding method were supported. This causes uncertainty over Anderson's chaim that the validity of both a model and the applied scale used is sufficiently test by the socalled joint testing procedure.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

Effect of stress on field dependence.

60 subjects were tested in the rod-and-frame test under flicker conditions (stress). As compared to scores in a control situation (no flicker), the rod-and-frame scores were large under stress and increased monotonically during the session. Futhermore, both intra- and interindividual variability of rod-and-frame performance changed under stress conditions in a consistent manner. The general results, which clearly point to a reliable influence of stress on field dependency, are discussed within the methodological framework of Witkin's theory of perception and personality.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Figural after-effects in kinesthesis: more data on age differences.

A cross-sectional study of figural after-effects in kinesthesis on 144 subjects ranging in age from 10 to 87 years was carried out. The procedure was nearly identical to one used by Köhler and Dinnerstein (1947). The data show a significant nonmonotonic age trend of the figural after-effect. There is a decline of the kinesthetic after-effect from the youngest to the 35-50-year-old group, followed by an increase in the 51-66-year-olds, and a decrease from this group to the 67-87-year-old group. The pre-test judgments follow a quadratic trend, with a minimal deviation from the objective block size in the group of 35-50-year-old people. The theoretical basis for the relationship between age and figural after-effects is discussed with respect to an age specificity of the attentional capacity, of the cognitive strategy for making successive comparisons, and of stimulus persistence.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Situational and differential psychologic determinants of personal satisfaction in advanced age].

The interaction of environmental housing conditions and personality traits on life-satisfaction in late adulthood is studied. "Life satisfaction", "extraversion", "neuroticism", and "locus of control" of 52 persons (aged 65-85 years old) living in different environments (private house, retired home, self organized community) are measured. A multiple regression analysis shows that satisfaction is rather more predictable from personality traits than from housing conditions. The variance of satisfaction scores can be explained, to 64% by the "person factor". In different living environments different pattern of traits predict satisfaction.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Memory performance and general achievement motivation in the aged].

Memory achievement is generally confounded with motivational factors in memory research. Therefore, the interpretation of age specific differences in recall renders difficult. The effect of a mnemonic device (method of loci) on recall is studied in a multitrial free recall experiment with 48 seniors aged from 60 to 92. Recall, performance in "Pauli"-tasks as an indicator of general achievement motivation, and subjective organization are measured. The experiment is planned as a three-factorial randomized group design with the factors "mnemonic device", "age", and "concreteness of learning material". The mnemonic device has a strong effect on recall as well as on performance "Pauli"-tasks. Its effect on recall is attributed to the increased achievement motivation.

Achievement↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ecologic validity of gerontopsychologic memory research].

Developmental memory research has to consider the role of the recall-material in the context of the learner's life situation. This is a prerequisite for ecological validity. An indicator of such age-specific and achievement relevant context differences is suggested to be the degree of "affection" and "surprise" induced by the particular learning event. The importance of both variables becomes obvious in a study by Brown and Kulick (1977) on long-term memory for context-information of realworld events: recall is proven to be dependent upon the interaction of the experienced "affection" and "surprise". In their study the authors do not control the variable "surprise" explicitly. Their hypothesis of interaction therefore remained unproved. This interaction is empirically studied here. At the same time the hypothesis that recall is dependent on the emotional value of the event is also examined. Two groups participated in the study, 65 students of psychology, age 20 to 42, and 60 seniors, age 60 to 84. The recall of context-information associated with the events of the private and public world, the scores of the experienced degree of affection and surprise, as well as the emotional evaluation of the particular event were measured. The results confirm the hypothesis of interaction: The factor "surprise" has a significant effect only under conditions of high scored "'affection". The main effect of the factor "affection" is significant, whereas no effect for emotional evaluation was discovered.

Adult↗