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E Herskovits

Publications and source records attributed to E Herskovits.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

A hybrid classifier for automated radiologic diagnosis: preliminary results and clinical applications.

We describe the design, implementation, and preliminary evaluation of a computer system to aid clinicians in the interpretation of cranial magnetic-resonance (MR) images. The system classifies normal and pathologic tissues in a test set of MR scans with high accuracy. It also provides a simple, rapid means whereby an unassisted expert may reliably label an image with his best judgment of its histologic composition, yielding a gold-standard image; this step facilitates objective evaluation of classifier performance. This system consists of a preprocessing module; a semiautomatic, reliable procedure for obtaining objective estimates of an expert's opinion of an image's tissue composition; a classification module based on a combination of the maximum-likelihood (ML) classifier and the isodata unsupervised-clustering algorithm; and an evaluation module based on confusion-matrix generation. The algorithms for classifier evaluation and gold-standard acquisition are advances over previous methods. Furthermore, the combination of a clustering algorithm and a statistical classifier provides advantages not found in systems using either method alone.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1989

Comparative study of pentoxifylline vs antiaggregants in patients with transient ischaemic attacks.

Out of 235 patients with recent cerebral transient ischaemic attacks, 208 subjects were available for final evaluation after 6 months' randomised treatment with either pentoxifylline (PTX 1200 mg/day) or a combination (ASAD) of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, 1050 mg/day) and dipyridamole (D, 150 mg/day). Prevention of TIA, stroke or death attributable to previous events were endpoint criteria. The pentoxifylline group (n = 100) exhibited no recurrent episodes in 86 patients (86%). TIA occurred in 9 patients, stroke in 5 patients and there was 1 death. In the ASAD group (n = 108) no recurrence of ischaemic episodes was recorded in 82 cases (75.9%). TIA occurred in 20 patients, stroke in 6 patients and there were 3 deaths of vascular origin. Side effects were recorded in 4 ASAD and 1 PTX patients. The total rate of recurrence was 14% with PTX as compared to 24.1% with ASAD treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Development of parkinsonism after transient ischemic attacks.

In order to correlate the influence of cerebrovascular disorders with the appearance of parkinsonism, 115 patients aged between 32 and 84 years (mean = 65) with transient ischemic attacks were followed up for one year. They were treated with platelet antiaggregant drugs. None of them received neuroleptics, calcium antagonists or other drugs known to induce parkinsonism. During the study, 8 patients (mean = 75 years) developed parkinsonism, bilateral in all but one, who remarkably enough was the only case responding to L-dopa treatment. On comparing recorded with expected incidence, our series showed significantly greater values. Our findings suggest that cerebrovascular disorders are factors contributing to parkinsonism in the elderly.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Specular bilateral lenticular hematomas].

A 49-year-old right-handed hypertensive female developed two consecutive putaminal hemorrhages in the left and right hemispheres within one month. Recurrent specular hypertensive hematomas are rare, even though the underlying pathological changes in the arterial wall occur bilaterally. This may be explained by the spontaneous decrease in blood pressure occurring in patients after an acute stroke. In this patient, a new abrupt increase in blood pressure may account for the second hemorrhage. While lowering the blood pressure during an acute stroke may be in principle unadvisable, it seems reasonable to prevent a new increase in blood pressure with adequate therapy.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1988

Hereditary essential tremor in Buenos Aires (Argentina).

A descriptive trial of essential tremor in Buenos Aires city is proposed. It may be considered as the first one like this in Latin America. During a 15 year period, sixteen families with essential tremor diagnosis have been examined, making a total of 39 patients (20 males and 19 females). The disease was basically studied from its semiological, clinico-evolutive and therapeutical view point, following a protocol. Our results indicate -- a. The clinico-evolutive characteristics: its frequency (according to race, sex, social status, age of beginning and physiopathological type), morbidity and mortality, evolution, prognosis, triggering factors, longevity and multiparity. b. The different treatment given to our patients with discussion of their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic basis and evaluation of the best responses. In this matter, it is concluded that both primidone (750 mg/daily) and/or propranolol (160-240 mg/daily) are undeniably the drugs of first choice for the treatment of this disease. A comparison of the clinico-therapeutic features of this tremor in Buenos Aires and other cities is done. The study of this syndrome in Buenos Aires does not give different results from those obtained in Europe and USA.

Argentina↗
PubMed1985

Preventive treatment of cerebral transient ischemia: comparative randomized trial of pentoxifylline versus conventional antiaggregants.

A comparative study of the prevention of recurrences of cerebral transient ischemic attacks during a 6-month observation period was conducted in 73 patients treated with a combination of acetylsalicylic acid and dipyridamole (ASAD, 1,050 mg + 150 mg/day) and in 65 patients treated with pentoxifylline (PTX 1,200 mg/day, Trental 400 t.d.s.). The patients were randomly assigned to the treatments. Risk factor analysis showed high prevalence of arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia and smoking in these patients. The two groups were matched in terms of age, sex, blood pressure and site of TIA origin (carotid 63% in the ASAD, 65% in the PTX group). 23 ASAD patients and 9 PTX patients suffered a recurrence. There were 4 nonfatal stroke events with ASAD and 2 with PTX. 80 recurrent TIAs were recorded in 19 ASAD patients compared with 19 such episodes in 9 PTX subjects. The morbidity rates (life table analysis) were significantly lower (p less than 0.05) in the PTX group. The results of the study point to a preventive effect of PTX in terms of the reduction in TIA recurrences.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Randomised trial of pentoxifylline versus acetylsalicylic acid plus dipyridamole in preventing transient ischaemic attacks.

In a multicentre trial to compare the ability of a combination of acetylsalicylic acid and dipyridamole (1050 mg + 150 mg/day, group A) to prevent recurrence of transient ischaemic attacks (TIA) with that of pentoxifylline (1200 mg/day, group B), 36 patients received the combination and 30 pentoxifylline. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups as regards age, sex, blood pressure, site of origin of TIA, and incidence of other risk factors. The incidence of recurrent TIAs during 1 year of follow-up was 28% in group A and 10% in group B; this difference was significant (p less than 0.05). The incidence of permanent strokes was similar in the two groups but distinctly lower (4.5%) than that usually reported after untreated TIA.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1981

[Paralysis of the conjugated lateral gaze of pontile origin: neuroanatomical discussion of the fasciculus longitudinalis medialis].

The case of a patient with paralysis of the lateral gaze to the left, paresis of both eyes when he tried to look upwards and a disfunction of the cerebellum to the left, is reported. During the evolution the paresia of both eyes when the patient looked upwards and the disfunction of the cerebellum disappeared, but the paralysis of the lateral gaze to the left, remained. Later on the patient went a little confuse, did not understand what other persons spoke to him, and speak badly. The necropsy showed one old infarct in the medial longitudinal fasciculus in the left, the same type of lesion in the ventral part of the upper pons which was also to the left and demyelinization of the motor lemniscus of the same side. It was also seen a more recent infarct in the transverse gyrus of the left cerebral hemisphere and also the white matter below it. The study of the medial longitudinal fasciculus by means of the secondary degeneration showed that it was crossed above the 6 degrees nuclei, but was straight to the contrary of what is said about it. The authors also observe that the cells of the interstitial nucleus of Cajal were in chromatolysis. These findings justify the syndrome and the absence of the internuclear anterior ophthalmoplegia to the right.

Cerebellar Diseases↗
PubMed1981

A randomized clinical trial of pentoxifylline and antiaggregants in recent transient ischemic attacks (TIA). A one year follow-up.

A multicenter comparative trial was conducted in patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIA) to study the preventive capacity of a combination of acetylsalicylic acid and dipyridamol (1,050 mg + 150 mg/day - group A) and of pentoxifylline (1,200 mg/day - group P) in the reduction of morbidity rates. Sixty-six patients, 36 on A and 30 on P, were evaluated. There was no statistically significant difference between both groups as regards age, sex, blood pressure, localisation of TIA and incidence of risk factors. Incidence of new ischemic events during a one year follow up period in the A-group was 28% compared to 10% in the P-group, this difference being statistically significant in favour of P (p less than 0.05). Stroke incidence was similar in both groups but distinctly lower (4.5%) than the natural frequency in TIA.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Considerations on low pressure hydrocephalus].

The physiopathological conditions of the normal pressure hydrocephalus syndrome are analysed. Within a group of 21 patients with clinical sintomathology pertaining this entity, only were 10 selected with a clinical, radiological and cisternografic indubitable diagnosis. It has been noticed that in spite of the stricked selection only a 50% of them have been beneficed by the application of a low pressure valve. Then, the hypothesis that the disease is a multicausal syndrome appears, which by an identical physiopathologic process produces or exhibits a similar clinical, radiological and cisternographic picture. Only those patients on whom the mechanical problem is solved would be beneficed by neurosurgery.

Cerebrospinal Fluid↗