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Biomedical subjects

E Hoffer

Publications and source records attributed to E Hoffer.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

N-acetylcysteine delays the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lungs of paraquat-intoxicated rats.

We investigated a possible role for N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a well-known antioxidant and free radical scavenger, against oxidative lung damage as observed in the in vivo model of paraquat-intoxicated rats. The administration of two ip doses of 50 mg/kg NAC to paraquat-intoxicated animals did not change the glutathione status of the lungs, as determined by the measurement of nonprotein sulfhydryl (NP-SH) groups. The administration of NAC did however suppress the paraquat-induced release of chemoattractants for neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar fluid when the lavage was carried out 12 hr after the administration of 30 mg/kg paraquat. Also, in the intoxicated NAC-treated animals, the infiltration of inflammatory cells was significantly reduced, as demonstrated by the examination of the cell composition of the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), 24 hr after paraquat. Phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated superoxide anion production from the AM isolated from the BAL of paraquat-intoxicated nontreated animals was lower than that of controls, whereas in the NAC-treated animals, it was close to that of the controls. The obtained results indicate that NAC has a protective effect against oxidative lung damage by delaying inflammation. It also prevents the paraquat-induced reduction of superoxide anion production by stimulated AM. In the present model, however, the NAC administration regimen did not affect the survival rate of paraquat-intoxicated rats.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1993

Diagnosis of occult scaphoid fractures by intrasound vibration.

We investigated a new means of diagnosing occult scaphoid fractures. Eighty-six patients underwent vibratory testing at presentation, while the clinical examination and standard four-view x-ray examination findings were unknown to the persons who performed the vibratory testing of both the injured and uninjured wrists. Thirty-six patients had radiographically confirmed scaphoid fractures and, after their vibratory tests, were eliminated from the study. Fifty patients, 39 men and 11 women, were believed to have scaphoid fractures on the basis of history and clinical examination findings but were included in the occult scaphoid study group because standard four-view x-ray films of the wrists did not reveal a scaphoid fracture. Distinction between the fracture and no-fracture patients was made with a limited two-phase technetium bone scan and delayed x-ray examination. All patients with known scaphoid fractures (36) had positive findings on vibratory examination. Vibratory testing identified all six of the patients with occult scaphoid fractures (sensitivity 100%). Results of two examinations were false-positive, and none were false-negative (specificity 95%). One of the patients with false-positive results had a fracture of the trapezium, and the other had reflex sympathetic dystrophy. The vibratory testing of injured wrists is inexpensive, noninvasive, and easy to perform, and it involves no ionizing radiation.

Carpal Bones↗
PubMed1992

The administration of desferrioxamine to paraquat-intoxicated rats.

We investigated the effect of desferrioxamine, an effective iron chelator, on animal survival and on plasma vitamin E levels after administration of paraquat doses close to the LD50. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received 20 mg paraquat/kg followed by 300 mg desferrioxamine/kg/d given ip over 2 d at 3 equal intervals. The results suggested that desferrioxamine prevented the paraquat-induced depletion of vitamin E, but did not improve the mortality due to paraquat. In ancillary in vitro experiments with a paraquat-based free radical system, where glutathione reductase and NADPH were used as sources of enzymic activity for the redox cycling of paraquat, desferrioxamine effectively prevented the formation of hydroxyl radicals, as determined by deoxyribose degradation.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Parathion transfer and acetylcholinesterase activity in an in-vitro perfused term human placenta.

Organophosphate transport through the placenta was investigated in an in-vitro placental perfusion system. The system consisted of maternal and fetal reservoirs in which Krebs Ringer bicarbonate buffer with heparin, albumin and glucose was circulated at a constant pH, temperature and pO2. Parathion was analysed by means of gas chromatography with a N-P detector. 14C Antipyrine, a lipid soluble salt, was used as an internal standard, which allowed for the difference in placental size and permeability. A certain amount of parathion passed the placenta and reached the fetal compartment. Glucose consumption was not influenced by the introduction of parathion; neither was the water content of the placental tissue. Acetylcholinesterase activity in placental tissue decreased 50%. The amount of parathion transferred was not negligible and could have caused damage to a fetus.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1989

Exposure to paraquat through skin absorption: clinical and laboratory observations of accidental splashing on healthy skin of agricultural workers.

Data concerning 15 consecutive cases of single exposures of the skin or eyes during work to paraquat solutions are presented. Urine and serum were analysed for paraquat in all these cases at the laboratory of the Israel Poison Information Center. From these data it is apparent that a single exposure of healthy skin to paraquat solutions caused only local lesions. No systemic effect was detected in these patients.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1985

Relationship between plasma and stimulated-saliva concentrations of theophylline in asthmatic children.

The trough steady-state concentration of theophylline in plasma and stimulated saliva of 12 asthmatic children receiving an oral slow-release theophylline preparation was determined after 1 week of treatment. Plasma theophylline concentration ranged from 3.6 to 10.8 microgram/ml and saliva concentration ranged from 3.2 to 7.0 microgram/ml. There was an excellent linear relationship between theophylline concentration in plasma and stimulated saliva (r=0.89, p is less than 0.001). These observations suggest that theophylline therapy could be monitored routinely using stimulated saliva. This may be a convenient, painless and non-invasive alternative for routine monitoring of theophylline levels in asthmatic children.

Asthma↗
PubMed1983

The effect of monoacetin and calcium chloride on acid-base balance and survival in experimental sodium fluoroacetate poisoning.

Sodium fluoroacetate (compound "1080") was injected intravenously, 3 mmol/kg, to artificially-ventilated anesthetized cats. Blood pressure, ECG, acid-base parameters and serum ionized calcium were monitored in four groups of cats. Group A served as control. Group B cats were treated with calcium chloride to restore normal values of serum ionized calcium. Group C was given monoacetin (glyceryl monoacetate), 0.5 ml/kg every 30 min. Both monoacetin and calcium chloride were given to cats in group D. Fluoroacetate poisoning caused significant decrease in ionized calcium and severe metabolic acidosis with increased levels of lactate and pyruvate. The lactate to pyruvate ratio remained normal as long as there was no significant drop in blood pressure. Correction of blood ionized calcium prolonged survival from 94 to 166 min (group B). Monoacetin prolonged average survival time to 166 min. Metabolic acidosis was aggravated in monoacetin-treated animals (group C). Combined treatment with monoacetin and calcium chloride did not prolong mean survival time above 166 min.

Acid-Base Imbalance↗
PubMed1983

Fluoroacetamide poisoning in man: the role of ionized calcium.

Two cases are reported of severe acute fluoroacetamide poisoning in man, with successful treatment of the life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias by the administration of calcium chloride. The arrhythmias were preceded by prolongation of the QT interval in the ECG. Calcium chloride therapy restored to normal the markedly prolonged QT interval.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

An outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by both rotavirus and Shigella sonnei in a private school in Rio de Janeiro.

In May 1980 an extensive outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred in a private school in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Examination of faeces and paired sera showed that this outbreak was caused by both rotavirus and a virulent strain of Shigella sonnei. In the first 19 stool samples collected seven (37%) had rotavirus only, six (32%) had Sh. sonnei only, while four (21%) had both agents. Examination of the second and third stool collections revealed only the presence of Sh. sonnei. The 18 paired sera showed seroconversion for rotavirus in four cases (22%) and in seven cases (39%) for Sh. sonnei. The overall attack rate of the disease was approximately 75%, the nursery and kindergarten having higher attack rates. Students in all grades became sick at the same time, and the unimodal curve of the onset dates of symptoms indicates a common source outbreak. Evidence suggested a contaminated water supply.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Membrane permeability for inorganic phosphate ion.

The need for a more efficient removal of inorganic phosphate ions from the blood of uremic patients has led to the quest for blood-compatible semipermeable membranes with a high permeability for phosphate ions. Commercial hemodialysis membranes, various hydrogel-type membranes and a number of collodionbased charged membranes were compared. Positively charged collodion membranes were found most promising for future application in hemodialysis or hemoperfusion systems.

Acrylamides↗