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Biomedical subjects

E Holst

Publications and source records attributed to E Holst.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Self-reported health status and drug use among the elderly].

A random sample of 1,261 non-institutionalised persons aged 70-95 years in four Danish communes replied to questionnaires on health, functional ability, drug use, and living situation in October-November, 1986. Twenty-four % assess their health as excellent, 27%, 39% and 10% good, fair, or poor. Younger persons report better self-assessed health than older, males better than females irrespective of age. Chronic ailments are reported by 51%, most frequent hypertension (24%), heart disease (17%), and chronic bronchitis/asthma (12%). More females than males and more old than young report chronic ailments. Seventy-six % have experienced one or more physical symptoms during the past month, most frequently aching in back and hips (39%) aching in knee and feet (36%), vertigo (27%), swollen legs (25%), and headaches (19%). Fourty-six % report one or more mental symptoms during the past month, most frequently difficulties falling asleep (30%), fatigue without specific reason (21%), and depression (18%). Females report more symptoms than men, older persons report more symptoms than younger. Fourty-nine % report difficulties in hearing during conversations among several persons, 24% in conversations with one other person. Twenty-three % have difficulties reading printed text. Fifty-nine % report memory problems. Functional ability is described by 13 daily activities and 31% can perform all activities without trouble, 29% with some trouble but without help, whereas 13 and 27% need help for one, or more of these activities. More females than males and more older than younger need help.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Sociomedical survey among the elderly in 10 EEC countries. An analysis based on non-respondents to a questionnaire survey of the population 70-95 years of age living in 4 Danish communities].

Sixty-nine percent of a random sample of 1,835 non-institutionalised elderly 70-95 year old persons in four Danish communes answered a mailed questionnaire on their health and social situation. However, 17% replied that they did not want to or could not manage to answer the questionnaire and the remaining 14% did not respond. The response rate was highest among the younger persons and lowest the age group 85-89. The response rate was higher in the metropolitan area and the rural area, lower in the urban area. The response rate was not associated with gender. In one commune, the non-respondents were approached for personal interviewing and 60% of this group were interviewed. In this commune, personal interviewing increased the response rate from 68 to 78%. Respondents to the postal questionnaire and respondents to the personal interview were compared regarding 228 variables and were shown to be alike in most respects. In the group of personally interviewed persons an overrepresentation of persons living alone and individuals with reduced social, mental and health ressources was demonstrated.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Which pensioners receive home help? A sociomedical survey of 1,261 persons 70-95 years of age].

The aim of the article is to describe variables associated with use of home help. A random sample of 1,261 non-institutionalised elderly persons aged 70-95 years in four communes answered a questionnaire on their health and social situation during the winter 1986/87. Twenty-five percent receive home help: 13%, 26% and 49% in the age groups 70-74, 75-79, and 80-95, respectively. Among those living alone more males than females receive home help (41% vs. 35%), as compared with those not living alone (M: 12%, F: 22%). Individuals receiving home help are characterised by reduced functional capacity; reduced vision, hearing, and memory; reduced quality of life resources (e.g. lonlieness, depression, no future plans). The proportion receiving home help is independent of social class but decreases with increasing income. It is also independent of the extent of the informal social network and the frequency of contacts, however, those receiving home help receive more help from children and kin. A multivariate analysis shows that functional capacity, age, and income are the main predictors. Eight percent think they need (more) home help, 24% among those already using this service and 3% among non-users. In conclusion, home help in Denmark seems to be provided to the oldest elderly persons with the poorest physical and psychological functional abilities.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Reservoir of four organisms associated with bacterial vaginosis suggests lack of sexual transmission.

This study consisted of a search for the possible reservoir and mode of spread of the four bacterial vaginosis-associated organisms Mobiluncus mulieris, Mobiluncus curtisii, Mycoplasma hominis, and Gardnerella vaginalis. Their occurrence in rectal, oral, and pharyngeal specimens from women with and without bacterial vaginosis, their male sexual consorts, four homosexual men, and children (altogether, 374 people) was studied. Genital samples were also obtained from all adults. All four organisms were isolated from the rectums of 45 to 62% of women with bacterial vaginosis and 10 to 14% of women without bacterial vaginosis. They also occurred in the rectums of males and children. M. hominis was recovered from the oropharynxes of 12 adults whose sexual consorts had genital occurrences of the organism. Mobiluncus spp. occurred only in the vaginas of women with bacterial vaginosis (97%). The organisms were only infrequently recovered from genital samples from 135 males. Organisms were recovered from the urethras and/or coronal sulci of 10 of 44 male consorts of women with bacterial vaginosis. However, after 2 weeks of condom use during sexual intercourse, only M. hominis remained in the urethra of one man. These findings suggest that the organisms associated with bacterial vaginosis are not spread sexually but colonize the vagina from an endogenous intestinal tract site. The pathophysiological mechanisms leading to bacterial vaginosis in a subpopulation of all women are still unknown.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Treatment of bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy with a lactate gel.

10 pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis were treated vaginally with a low-pH lactate gel intermittently during 6 weeks. Reappearance of a lactobacillus-dominated vaginal flora was observed after a few days treatment in all patients. All women experienced a subjective disappearance of abnormal vaginal discharge and malodour. This local treatment restores the normal vaginal acidity and facilitates recolonization with lactobacilli. It may be preferable to oral antimicrobial therapy, especially during pregnancy.

Administration, Intravaginal↗
PubMed1989

In vitro activities of cefcanel and some other cephalosporins against Pasteurella multocida.

Thirty-five strains of Pasteurella multocida from humans and animals were tested for susceptibility to five cephalosporins by a broth dilution method. Cefcanel showed high activity against all isolates (MIC and MBC, less than or equal to 0.64 micrograms/ml). The corresponding figure for cefaclor and cefuroxime was 2.56 micrograms/ml. Cefadroxil and cephalexin were the least active compounds tested.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Pasteurella multocida occurs in a high frequency in the saliva of pet dogs.

Pasteurella multocida is a frequent cause of infection after animal bites. In contrast to earlier reports, P. multocida appeared to be as common among dogs as among cats. We found 17 (81%) of 21 pet dogs to harbour P. multocida in their saliva. At normal contact, the risk of transmission from dogs to humans seems to be negligible. Only 1/27 dogs owners was found to harbour the organism. None of 13 cat owners or 23 persons without animal contacts harboured P. multocida.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Cefadroxil as an alternative to metronidazole in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis.

A randomized single-blind study was performed to compare the efficacy of cefadroxil to that of metronidazole in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. 22 women completed the study with follow-ups after 1 and 4 weeks. After completion of treatment 2/11 women receiving metronidazole still had bacterial vaginosis compared with 1/11 women receiving cefadroxil. At follow-up after 4 weeks 3/10 women treated with cefadroxil had recurrent bacterial vaginosis while the corresponding figures for metronidazole were 2/9.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Gas chromatographic comparison of peptone yeast glucose and gas liquid chromatography growth media for anaerobic bacteria.

The growth media peptone yeast extract glucose broth and gas liquid chromatography broth were compared with respect to their suitability for anaerobic bacteria, using 63 strains belonging to 12 species. After incubation for 24 and 48 h the broth cultures were subjected to viable counts and gas chromatographic analysis of short-chain alcohols and fatty acids in head-space vapours and ether extracts. Head-space analysis was superior to the ether extraction method for detecting the rapidly eluting short-chain alcohols. The gas liquid chromatography medium provided superior growth and contained fewer compounds that interfered with the chromatographic analyses. Whereas incubation in gas liquid chromatography medium for 24 h gave characteristic chromatograms for all but one of the studied species, most species required 48 h of incubation in peptone yeast extract glucose medium. Gas liquid chromatography broth is the preferred substrate for use in gas chromatographic identification of anaerobic bacteria.

Alcohols↗
PubMed1987

Bacterial vaginosis: microbiological and clinical findings.

A prospective study was performed involving 101 women who consecutively attended a primary health care unit for complaints of genital malodour and/or abnormal vaginal discharge. Bacterial vaginosis was diagnosed in 34 women on the basis of four diagnostic criteria: vaginal pH greater than 4.7, homogeneous vaginal discharge, a positive amine test and clue cells. The sensitivity of these criteria was greater than 90% except for homogeneous discharge (82%). Their specificity was greater than 90% except for vaginal pH greater than 4.7 (46%); a specificity of 87% could have been achieved by using the criterion for vaginal pH greater than or equal to 5.0. There was a strong association between diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis and the concomitant occurrence of Gardnerella vaginalis, Mobiluncus spp. and Bacteroides spp. There was no difference between women with or without bacterial vaginosis as regards contraception methods (except for use of an intrauterine device), age at first intercourse, or earlier episodes of vaginal discharge. Sexual transmission of the predominant bacteria was not supported by data collected from the male consorts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Sensory irritation and pulmonary irritation of cumene and n-propanol: mechanisms of receptor activation and desensitization.

Cumene and n-propanol, model substances for alcohols and alkylbenzenes, were investigated for sensory irritation in mice. The concentrations within the first 2 min. depressing the respiratory rate by 50% due to the effect in the upper respiratory tract were 2,058 p.p.m. and 22,080 p.p.m., respectively. Activation of the sensory irritant receptor followed the dynamics of reversible bimolecular reactions. The extrapolated maximum response and the apparent dissociation constant were 114.3% and 2,723 p.p.m. for cumene and 68.4% and 8,178 p.p.m. for propanol, respectively. Later on desensitization was observed. The effect was weak for cumene but conspicuous for propanol. For cumene desensitization had the origin in the rise of a threshold. No change in the dissociation constant or the maximum response was found. For propanol a decrease in the maximum response, which may be explained by an allosteric effect, was observed. The pulmonary irritation response was weak for cumene but was for propanol more important than sensory irritation at high concentrations. The following hypotheses are put forward: the effect of pulmonary irritation on the tidal volume is mediated via the stretch receptors while the effect on the respiratory frequency is mediated via the J-receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in smokehouses.

The level of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from smoking kilns in Danish smokehouses was determined. Of 60 smokehouses curing fish with hot smoke from smoldering alder chips, 10 companies were selected for the analysis of workzone air. The amount of PAH, determined as the sum of 11 selected compounds, varied from 2.2 micrograms/m3 to 2,472 micrograms/m3 above the kiln doors. Samples taken approximately 2 m in front of the kiln doors contained 0-19.2 micrograms/m3.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗