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Biomedical subjects

E Hoppe

Publications and source records attributed to E Hoppe.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Evaluating the laws defining blindness.

The law defining legal blindness was written in 1935, and has not been updated since. A historical view of the background in the development of this law and a comparison to laws used in other countries helps to point out some problems with the current definition. As the population gets older, the prevalence of visual impairment will be increasing. To administer programs, distribute funding, and ensure adequate care, the problems inherent in the definition of legal blindness must be addressed, and the law must be revised.

Blindness↗
PubMed1991

Modulation of A1 adenosine receptor function in rat brain by the polyamine, spermine.

Studies on factors modulating the binding of agonist ligands to A1 adenosine receptors in rat forebrain membranes revealed that the reduction of [3H]cyclohexyladenosine [( 3H]CHA) binding, observed after removing Mg2+ by pretreatment with ethylene-dinitrilo-tetraacetic acid (EDTA), was restored by the polyamine, spermine (1mM). Parallel electrophysiological experiments performed on rat hippocampal slices in Mg(2+)-free medium indicated that spermine also led to a recovery of the depressive effect of 1 microM adenosine on stimulus train-evoked neuronal Ca2+ influx. These observations suggest that the polyamine, spermine is, like Mg2+, able to control the physiological adenosine-mediated modulation of synaptic transmission by changing the affinity state of A1 receptors.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1979

Effect of leucine on the pyridine nucleotide contents of islets and on the insulin released--interactions in vitro with methylene blue, thiol oxidants, and p-chloromercuribenzoate.

In the presence of glucose (2 mg/ml), leucine (10 mM) noticeably increased islets' NADPH contents as well as the NADPH:NADP ratio; the changes occurred as soon as 1 min after its addition. NADH concentrations were also increased by leucine. The NADPH:NADP ratio as well as insulin release stimulated by glucose plus leucine were markedly decreased by methylene blue. The thiol oxidants diamide and tert-butyl hydroperoxide also inhibited insulin secretion in response to glucose plus leucine. Employing the perfused pancreas technique, the insulin-releasing action of p-chloromercuribenzoate was further enhanced by leucine. The combined effects were inhibited by tert-butyl hydroperoxide, however. Our data suggest that the insulin-releasing action of leucine depends on the islets' NADPH and reduced glutathione (GSH); in addition, leucine may contribute to insulin secretion by increasing the islet NADPH:NADP ratio and the NADH:NAD ratio. From the data, we assume that the observed increase of NADPH may lead via GSH to an increase in the number of such thiol groups in the beta-cell membrane, which are believed to be related to stimulation of insulin release and, thus, to increase the sensitivity of the beta-cell to stimulation by glucose and/or leucine.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Percutaneous biopsy of the liver.

Retrospective evaluation of 510 percutaneous CT-guided biopsies of the liver mainly fine-needle aspiration biopsies for cytology (89% of cases), yielded an overall accuracy rate of 92% and a sensitivity of 94%. The relatively high percentage of false-positive diagnoses (7% of all benign tumors) may be reduced by more consistent consideration of possible errors in cytology and a more consistent use of large bore biopsies.

Biopsy, Needle↗