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Biomedical subjects

E Hougaard

Publications and source records attributed to E Hougaard.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Suitability for psychoanalytic psychotherapy: validation of the Dynamic Assessment Interview (DAI).

OBJECTIVE: To examine the predictive validity of a particular interview and rating scale of patient suitability for psychoanalytic psychotherapy: The Dynamic Assessment Interview (DAI) scale. METHOD: Seventy-four psychiatric out-patients were interviewed with the DAI and the associations between DAI-scores and measures of outcome and of therapeutic alliance were investigated. RESULTS: Small to moderate correlations were found between the DAI suitability score and outcome (0.06-0.46) and between DAI suitability score and early rated alliance (0.14-0.45). The predictive value of the DAI-score was limited although on a par with the alliance measures used in the study. No other pretherapy predictor variable investigated was found significantly to predict outcome. CONCLUSION: The predictive power of the DAI measure was limited, a result, which is in agreement with results from former studies on suitability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Placebo effect in the drug therapy of depression].

This paper estimates the effect sizes of placebo treatment of depression from meta-analyses of antidepressive medicine, and examines methodological artifacts in antidepressive research. It is concluded that between one-half and two-thirds of the effects of antidepressive medicine are explained by placebo response with a mean difference between treatment and placebo groups around 25 percent. This modest effect size should probably be adjusted for methodological bias due to incomplete blindness and other sources of error favouring the medicine group. Some practical consequences of the fact that depression is a placebo sensitive disorder are outlined.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMed1997

The Dynamic Assessment Interview: testing the psychodynamic assessment variables.

The Dynamic Assessment Interview (DAI) is a semi-structured interview with anchored scales to rate patients; suitability for psychodynamic psychotherapy. The DAI was inspired by the Personality Assessment Interview developed by Selzer et al. in 1987 and it introduces from the beginning of the assessment interview an explicit focus on the patient's immediate interactions with the interviewer. Seven theoretical derived variables are assessed, namely psychological mindedness, capacity for self-observation, capacity for empathy, tolerance of frustration, motivation, response to confrontation, and ability to contain and work with affect. In addition, the patient's attractiveness as a psychotherapy patient and his or her assumed confidence in the forthcoming treatment are assessed. The patient's personality organization ad modum Kernberg is measured from a global assessment of the interview. The present paper describes the DAI and presents its psychometric properties. An acceptable level of inter-rater agreement was found for the theoretically derived variables and for the personality organization diagnosis, with intra-class correlations or kappa coefficients ranging from 0.68 to 0.80.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The therapeutic alliance--a conceptual analysis.

The role and function of the therapeutic alliance in psychotherapy has increasingly been the focus of clinicians' and researchers' interests over the last decade. Alliance concepts have, however, been criticized for lack of conceptual clarity. The paper presents a generic model as a heuristic means for clarifying the conceptual meaning of the therapeutic alliance. The model distinguishes between the personal relationship aspect, and the collaborative, task-related aspect of the alliance, with therapist, patient, and common contributions to each of these aspects. The model is compared to other alliance conceptualizations, and its implications for alliance theory and research are discussed. A content analysis of four widely used alliance scales in relation to the model shows the scales to represent conceptually different, yet overlapping constructs. It is argued that the componential nature of the therapeutic alliance will render difficult any interpretation of findings regarding the relationship between alliance and outcome in traditional process-outcome research. More complex research strategies guided by theory are called for, if the therapeutic alliance should remain a vital field of research.

Empathy↗