Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to E I Denisov.
The authors considered basic methodology concerning evaluation of occupationally related morbidity: terminology, legal and methodologic items. Suggestions included new single-numerical index for occupationally related morbidity, considering categories of risk, severity and occupational connection.
The article deals with essentials of evidence-based medicine, its principles in occupational medicine and patterns of evaluation of occupation and disease relatedness. The authors suggest an algorithm of medical examinations considering evidence-based medicine principles.
The article represents materials on prevention of occupational deafness--one of the most prevalent occupational entities.
The article covers problem of occupational risk criteria and compensation of health damage, with consideration of domestic and international experience.
The problems of social accountability as applied to the occupational safety, health and environment are discussed. Russian and international codes and standards in the field are reviewed. Legal duties and rights of employers in occupational risk management for workers' health are considered. Some ethical aspects including health protection of female workers are discussed.
The methodology related with the occupational risk in the medical sphere, which was elaborated with due respect to the WHO and ILO concepts and to the experience of other countries, is described in the paper. It comprises the following: hygienic assessment criteria, classification of labor conditions, methods of structures' analysis, occupational risk categories as well as etiology-and-genesis analysis of the relation "labor conditions--health impairments" and evaluation of the relation "health impairment--occupation" etc. The categories of occupational risk are substantiated according to medical-and-biological parameters. The methodology could contribute to implementing the new labor protection legislation.
The legal and ethical issues related with the protection of population reproductive health, under the conditions of anthropogenic contamination of the environment, including the labor environment, are discussed in the article. A concept of pregnancy planning to ensure a healthy posterity under the mentioned conditioned was formulated. Documents of WHO, ILO and the EU experience in dealing with the issues in question are illustrated. An increasing role of social labor measurement as well as the evolution of law, i.e. civil, labor, and social law, as well as the right to unified medical-and-social insurance, are in the focus of attention. The prospects for a new WHO-ICF classification, as a social UNO classification, are pointed out. The sensitivity--susceptibility--vulnerability chain was analyzed, and a growing social context was underlined in it. The individual and team risks were considered, and the Code of professional ethics of hygienists was paid attention to.
The article covers materials on medical and social problems associated with up-to-date improving the occupational medical service.
The authors analysed structure and degree of occupational risk in chlorine organic compounds production, revealed a combination of chemical, physical hazards with work burden and determined the work conditions as harmful and dangerous (3.2-3.4). With consideration of most medical and biologic parameters, high level of occupational risk appeared to correspond to significant (from medium to nearly complete) occupational conditionality of the disorders diagnosed. The suggested and approved method to determine occupational conditionality of health disorders at hazardous work conditions could serve as a basis for occupational medical standard.
Methods for assessing the occupational risk were tested in chemically exposed workers at some enterprises by taking into account a priori and a posteriori components. The risk values were calculated by the indices of collective and individual health, which were used to develop conceptual models for the assessment and management of risks, whose efficiency may be evaluated. A package of measures has been worked out to reduce human health occupational risks. Practice has shown that the developed methods for assessing the occupational risk upon chemical exposure await further development and improvement.
The work was aimed (1) to compare actual and expected values of hearing loss in forge hammering workers, using risk evaluation patterns based on impulse noise measurements, and (2) to simulate harmful hearing changes caused by impulse noise. Study of exposure to noise and hearing loss covered forge hammering workers in 2 major blacksmith workshops of automobile enterprise, where equivalent levels of acoustic pressure (104 and 106 dB) were equal, but peak levels and impalse degrees reliably differed. Hearing thresholds for 2 selected groups of workers (97 and 235 subjects) were evaluated. When compared, actual and expected values of hearing loss calculated according to ISO standard appeared different with excess of 1 dB and 3 dB for the workers in shops 1 and 2 respectively. Excessive hearing loss corresponds to noise exposure increased by 3.5 years. Hearing loss in the workers subjected to less impulsive noise were readily forecasted by ISO standard 1999-1990. Hearing loss in the workers subjected to more impulsive noise were in reliable correlation with combination of peak level and impulses number.
The authors present methods to evaluate occupational risk in industrial medicine. Those methods are based on MACs and MALs with consideration of WHO and ISO concepts, European instructions and other countries' experience. The authors justified hygienic criteria for evaluation and classification of working conditions, quantitative criteria to evaluate links of health disorders and work, methods to analyze structure and degrees of occupational risk, to analyze etiology relationships between work conditions and health disorders. The article covers based categories of occupational risks according to socially valuable medical and biologic parameters. Methodology is a basis for realization of new Federal Laws on safety and occupational medicine.
Having analyzed the data from literature, the authors suggested a single-number index for integral assessment of combined vibratory and force load during work with vibrating manually held device. The index considers the acceleration value and combination of grip and feed forces. The authors calculated average values of these forces and the resultant coupling force for various device weights. If the coupling force is considered, the risk of vibration disease varies in accordance with forecast model and demonstrates 1.06-1.1 up to 1.6-2.6 times increase depending on device weight. The index could be useful for hygienic certification of manually held devices.
Theoretical issues and practical implications of risk methodology as applied to occupational health with account for WHO, ILO and ISO concepts are discussed. Conceptual models of risk assessment, risk management and risk communication as well as hazard effective exposure approach and optimization criteria (min exposure and/or risk and optimum cost/benefit relation) are presented. Priority and urgency of risk management procedures are substantiated based on publications and standards of England, Germany, EC, etc for different grades of hazardness with numerical values of occupational morbidity index (N.F. Izmerov et al., 1993b) as quantitative measure of occupational risk for workers' health. The usefulness of risk methodology for occupational and environmental health with regard to more effective prophylaxis is stressed.
The issues and prospects of workers' reproductive health as a problem of occupational health in nowadays Russia are outlined with due account for WHO, ILO, EC, etc. concepts and recommendations. Main principles of reproductive health protection are gender approach, additional protection of vulnerable groups, e. g. pregnant women and obligatory account for combined effects of occupational, environmental and socio-economic risk factors. Two groups of criteria are essential: criteria of health and criteria of emancipation. Criteria for evaluation of reproductive health disorders are worked out based on official statistical indices and it is proposed to rate some of these as of extra category class for effective risk assessment and risk management. The strategy and priorities in workers' reproductive health are discussed and need for international cooperation is noted for resolving this problem.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The article suggests the parameters and criteria to evaluate the grade of occupational risk for health in hazardous work conditions. The parameters include prior hygienic ones, posterior medical and biologic ones. The principles of optimal protection by the time are based on the dose approach taking into account the occupational disease development. The authors describe the method evaluating efficiency of protection by the time with a consideration of the dose range of acting factor. Large protective resources of time are shown and recommendations are given for adequate use of the various forms of protection by time taking into account the workers' age and length of service as well as the work organization.
Article covers methodic approaches to evaluation of occupational risk for workers exposed to occupational hazards, suggests a concept concerning formation and evaluation of occupational risk, defines risk zones according to the length of exposure. All results can serve as a base for application of information technology to industrial medicine and determine tactics of hygienic and clinical monitoring. Occupational risk was suggested to be evaluated approximately and rapidly by means of length of exposure as an integral parameter. Topical problems were defined within the whole concept.