Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to E I Likhacheva.
The authors demonstrated that in workers having pulmonary dust diseases, serum blood dehydration ("closed drop" preparation) reveals in polarized light very specific structure different from that in the reference group members. Morphologic properties of various structures could prove silicotic process development.
The authors suggest a concept of multifield specialized "Industrial Hygiene" service based on integrated system of medical and social care, that includes monitoring of work conditions, evaluation of occupational risk and its management for prevention of and lowering general and occupational morbidity, transitory disablement morbidity, disability and premature deaths, for preservation of labour force in Sverdlovsk region.
The authors determined prospective directions in researchon asbestos problem--risk evaluation, early diagnosis and physiotherapy of asbestos-related diseases; sanitary and epidemiologic well-being of population influenced by enterprises extracting and concentration of asbestos; evaluation of new production and development of legal regulation of safety for work with natural and artificial mineral fibers.
The authors present general characteristics of nonferrous metals alloys production: work conditions, health state of workers, main directions to make healthier work conditions.
The authors summarized results of periodic medical examinations and deep clinical studies of metallurgy workers with bronchial and pulmonary disorders. The article covers clinical and functional characteristics of toxic and dust bronchitis, clinical course and manifestations.
The authors summarize longstanding experience in studies of chronic occupational intoxication caused by fluoric compounds. Findings are that diagnosis and clinical classification of occupational fluorosis should base on osteosclerotic changes in compact substance of peripheral bones, primarily of forearms and legs. The authors give clinical classification of occupational fluorosis.
The article covers main steps of research work conducted by Ekaterinbourg Medical Research Center and determines contemporary problems of asbestos. The authors list priority directions of ecologic and hygienic research on the "Asbestos and Health" problem.
The authors studied clinical, roentgenologic and functional signs of asbestosis and chronic dust bronchitis in 57 workers engaged into extraction and processing of asbestos. Occupational peripheral lung cancer was revealed in 4 cases. Chronic dust bronchitis appeared to be diagnosed with delay, usually at I-II stages.
The authors followed changes in clinical course of asbestosis, comparing groups of individuals working in exposure to chrysotile-asbestos dust, patients having so-called late asbestosis and reference group (individuals with absent or minimal roentgenologic changes in lungs). Analysis of 530 case histories proved increase of average length of service in dusty conditions before asbestosis development, longer progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Asbestosis progression does not depend on medical resolutions. "Late" asbestosis occurs in retired workers who were engaged into auxiliary occupations. Low baseline values of respiratory function and associated respiratory infection worsen the overall prognosis.
The study covered 100 individuals long working in hot metallurgic shops (forging and nonferrous metals processing) under unfavorable occupational conditions. Heating microclimate appeared to be leading occupational hazard. Adaptation to occupational environment was studied in all the examinees and 4 groups were defined according to the adaptation level and functional state of cardiovascular system. The study also included testing of psychiatric balneologic complex--bromide and iodine baths with magnetic laser therapy on Zakharyin-Ged zones.
Over 1000 workers of hydrofluoric and cryolite enterprises and electrolysis shops of aluminium enterprises were examined. Subjects exposed to soluble hydrofluorides presented in the early stage of chronic intoxication with a variety of syndromes, that was characteristic of intoxication with poisons of general toxic action with involvement of hepatobiliary, digestive, circulatory and autonomic nervous systems. Combined exposure to fluoric compounds, heating microclimate and electromagnetic fields results in a graver involvement of the circulatory and autonomic nervous systems. Clinical and experimental data show, that osteoarthrosis deformans of the major joints (primarily elbow joint) must be regarded as one of the symptoms of fluorosis, when other intoxication signs are present.
Comprehensive examination of 177 workers and screening of more than 2000 workers exposed to heating microclimate revealed the possibility of chronic overheating in some workers and provided the description of its clinical manifestations. Vasoneurosis, myocardiodystrophia and metabolic disorders are the keys to developing of the disease characterized by a rotative course.
The article contains a hygienic assessment of the USSR developed technological processes for ferrochromium slag self-separating. It was established that the major hazardous factor in the environmental conditions was the high-grade chromium-containing slag aerosol influencing most unfavourably the workers' health state, thus causing high-level morbidity with temporary disability. Preventive screening would predominantly reveal chronic bronchitis and allergic dermatoses with a less prevalence of pneumoconiosis. The forms of occupational toxic dust bronchitis characteristic of this particular group exhibited some clinical and functional peculiarities caused by a complex action of chromium and alkali.
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