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Biomedical subjects

E J Bassey

Publications and source records attributed to E J Bassey.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Muscle strength and anthropometric indices in elderly men and women.

Muscle strength, overlying skinfold thickness and calculated muscle area for the triceps surae muscle of the calf and the biceps brachii of the upper arm are described in 184 subjects (100 female, 84 male) aged between 65 and 90 years. The group comprised mobile volunteers, living independently, from a large group-practice. Health screening was minimal. Relationships between anthropometric and strength variables are explored and compared with other studies. This was apparently a well-nourished group. Muscle strengths and areas were low compared to younger subjects. Strength in relationship to area was variable, lower than in the younger subjects and also lower in the females than the males. Strength of the calf compared to body weight fell below unity in some cases.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

The effects of age on muscle strength and anthropometric indices within a group of elderly men and women.

Within a group of 184 subjects (100 females) aged 65-90 years living independently, age was found to have a significant negative correlation with strength of triceps surae in the calf and biceps brachii in the arm. Muscle area in the limbs also declined significantly with age in males. Weight and strength per cross-sectional area in the calves declined significantly with age in females. Superficial fat did not change with age; height declined, perhaps due to kyphosis. The strength of the calf compared to body weight also declined significantly with age in both sexes. Multiple regression analysis has been used to describe the effects of sex, age and weight on muscle variables.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

An unsupervised "aerobics" physical training programme in middle-aged factory workers: feasibility, validation and response.

This paper describes a controlled study of the effects of an unsupervised walking-programme in 108 volunteers from among 580 middle-aged employees in a Nottingham light industrial company. Objective measurements of physical condition and of customary activity were made on four occasions at 12-week intervals. The subjects were randomly allocated to three groups and encouraged to follow a walking-programme in the first, second or third periods of the study: no activity was prescribed in the other periods. Compliance with the programme was estimated from log-cards and from a week's pedometer record. Although there were no significant differences between the changes seen in subjects following the walking-programme and those in control subjects, there were significant small improvements in physical condition and modest increases in customary activity in a) those subjects actually completing the programme, and b) the subjects measured before and after their programme, pooled without regard to the period of measurement. At least some of the increased activity is maintained for 12 weeks after the programme. The marginal changes suggest that the intensity of the training-programme as experienced by the subjects was close to the threshold for maintenance of physical condition in this age-group of workers.

Female↗
PubMed1983

The rising ventilatory cost of bicycle exercise in the seventh decade: a longitudinal study of nine healthy men.

Submaximal bicycle exercise tests have been performed in nine healthy men on seven annual occasions between the ages of 64 and 70 years. Ten younger men (average age 33 years) have also been studied once for comparison. The ventilatory cost of submaximal work at VO2 = 1 litre/min rises significantly from 24.3 +/- 0.8 litres/min at age 64 years to 31.8 +/- 1.8 litres/min at age 70 years; the latter value differs significantly from that of the young men (25.6 +/- 0.9 litres/min). Similar changes are seen in the ventilation at 75 W and at VCO2 = 1 litre/min. The rate of change, between 3% and 5% per year, is considerably greater than that found for the change with age in cross-sectional studies of younger men. There is also a rise in the respiratory quotient, consistent with the hyperventilation found. The cardiac frequency at 1 litre/min also rose with age in the older men, and rough estimates of the decline in their aerobic capacity suggest that progressive anaerobiosis could account for at least some of this increase in ventilation seen during submaximal work.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Factors affecting the heart rate during self-paced walking.

The results of 277 self-paced walking tests have been analysed for the effects of body composition, sex and age using step-up multiple regression analysis. Equations are given for the influence of the significant factors on chosen walking speeds and on heart rate (fc) (standardised at 4.8 km . h-1 by interpolation from points recorded at three walking speeds). The basic equations are: Normal speed (km . h-1) = 1.72 + 2.13 stature (m) - 0.008 age (years) Fast speed (km . h-1) = 0.54 + 3.69 stature (m) - 0.016 age (years) For men: fc4.8 (beat . min-1) = 161 - 50.7 stature (m) + 0.223 body weight (kg) For women: fc4.8 (beat . min-1) = 161 - 50.7 stature (m) + 0.223 body weight (kg) + 4.43 The significant factors affecting freely chosen walking speeds are stature and age. When estimates of body composition are available, percentage fat is found to be the most influential single factor affecting fc, while sex no longer has a significant effect, and age now has a negative influence. When allowance is made for these factors the effects of customary physical activity can be seen more clearly.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Changes in body fat and muscle in manual workers at and after retirement.

The changes in body fat and muscle in 73 men retiring from manual work have been measured in a longitudinal anthropometric study. Body fat increased by about 3% and body muscle decreased by about 1% between measurements made just before retirement and again 1 year later. The decline in muscle was even greater in a subgroup of 22 men who reported that their activity was less after retirement: but a subgroup of 11 whose activity was said to have been greater after retirement showed an increase in body muscle. A sub-sample of 26 men were measured on five further annual occasions (Fig. 1). The initial increase in body fat was reversed, and fat measurements fell back significantly to or below the pre-retirement values. Body muscle, however, continued to decline steadily at the initial rate, and the ratio of thigh muscle area to body mass fell significantly in retirement in the group as a whole. The possible contributions of ageing and of changes in energy balance and physical activity to these findings are discussed.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1978

Age, inactivity and some physiological responses to exercise.

The quality of life in old age is crucially dependent upon the ability to pursue a variety of physical activities. Factors which affect the capacity for physical activity in the elderly should therefore be of interest both to individuals and to institutions concerned for the elderly. This is a review of literature pertinent to the problem of maintaining an adequate capacity for physical exercise into old age. It includes information about the interrelations between age, physical condition and physical working capacity; and the effects of training and inactivity upon all these parameters. Reduction in levels of habitual activity with age seems likely to cause or exacerbate deterioration in both exercise capacity and physical condition, setting up a vicious circle which eventually jeopardises the capacity for independent living. If so, efforts should be directed towards maintaining effective levels of habitual activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

A study of exercise performance and heart rate: the response to exercise of a small group of manual workers before and after retirement.

Measurements of walking pattern, exercise performance, heart rate response to exercise and body composition have been made in 13 male manual workers at retirement and again one and two years later. The exercise consisted of walking, in accordance with standard instructions; heart rate and footfall signals were recorded on magnetic tape during the test using body-borne tape recorders. After the first year highly significant reductions in walking speed were found but no significant changes in walking pattern, heart rate response or body composition. When the measurements made at the end of one year of retirement were compared with those made at the end of two years no significant changes were found.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Self-paced walking as a method for exercise testing in elderly and young men.

1. An exercise test has been developed which is suitable for elderly or frail subjects. It is based on free walking at three different speeds on a level indoor course of 256m. The subject sets his own pace in accord with simple instructions. 2. Twenty-four elderly men and ten young men took part in the study. 3. The time and number of paces taken to cover two sections of 100m within the course were used to establish that the subjects walked steadily. Walking speed, pace frequency and stride length were then calculated. 4. Heart rate was obtained with body-borne tape recorders and related to the walking speed. The heart rate at a standard walking speed could then be obtained by interpolation. This is an assessment of the cardiovascular response to exercise (physical condition). The variation on repeating the test was +/-5 per cent and there was no significant difference between the two age groups. 5. The assessment was found to correlate moderately well with a conventional assessment of physical condition based on oxygen uptake from tests on a bicycle ergometer. 6. The test could also be used as a performance index since walking speed was characteristic for the subject. The younger group walked significantly faster than the older group. As a performance index the test is therefor sensitive to age differences.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

One-legged pedalling compared with two-legged pedalling on a bicycle ergometer as a basis for assessing physical condition in terms of the cardio-respiratory response to exercise.

An assessment has been made of the linearity of the relationship between oxygen uptake and cardio-respiratory parameters measured during pedalling with one leg on an upright bicycle ergometer. Four young male subjects pedalled at four submaximal grades. Individual regression lines of heart rate on oxygen uptake; minute ventilation on oxygen uptake; and carbon dioxide on oxygen uptake were found to have significantly high correlation coefficients. A comparison was made in 21 healthy males, of mean age 34 years (range 20-61 years), between the effects of pedaliling with one leg or two legs on the heart rate, minute ventilation and carbon dioxide production were significantly higher during work with one leg then with two legs, but there was no significant difference in the heart rates. The oxygen cost of pedalling with one leg instead of two was also higher. The comparisons were made at a standard oxygen uptake of 1.0 1 min minus 1.

Adult↗
PubMed1974

Extent of deterioration in physical condition during postoperative bed rest and its reversal by rehabilitation.

A study has been made of changes in physical condition associated with bed rest and rehabilitation in hospital patients. It was found that after two weeks recumbent bed rest there was a significant decline in physical condition. It was also found that the better the initial physical condition the greater the decline. Rehabilitation was associated with an improvement in physical condition, which seemed to be related to the increased level of daily activity rather than to the absolute levels of physical condition.

Adult↗