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Biomedical subjects

E J Bennett

Publications and source records attributed to E J Bennett.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Suppression of anger and gastric emptying in patients with functional dyspepsia.

Psychologic distress and gastric motor dysfunction have both been implicated in the pathogenesis of functional (non-ulcer) dyspepsia (FD). This study assesses the association between psychologic factors and gastric emptying in 28 FD patients. Subjects completed an extensive range of psychologic questionnaires and underwent dual-isotope scintigraphic assessment of solid and liquid gastric emptying. Attempts to resist, control, suppress, and hold in anger, to adopt a fighting spirit whilst dealing with chronic stressors, and manifest unhappiness were predictors of prolonged gastric emptying. These findings suggest that psychologic factors may be important in the aetiology of gastric stasis and subsequent upper gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with functional dyspepsia.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Functions of the two adenovirus early E1A proteins and their conserved domains in cell cycle alteration, actin reorganization, and gene activation in rat cells.

Rat embryo cells were infected with adenovirus type 5 mutants that code for only one of the two early E1A proteins, mutants with defects in one of the two conserved regions common to the two proteins, or mutants with defects in the 46-amino-acid region unique to the 289-amino-acid E1A protein. Cells were scored for altered cell cycle progression, disruption of actin stress fibers, and activation of E2A expression. Mutants lacking either E1A protein were able to cause all of these effects; but mutants lacking a 243-amino-acid protein had less effect, and mutants lacking a 289-amino-acid protein much less effect, than wild-type virus. A mutation in any of the three conserved regions caused a defect in each E1A effect. To investigate the reported function of conserved domain 2 in mitosis, we monitored by fluorescence-activated cell sorter the reduction in Hoechst 33342 fluorescence that occurs when cells divide after undergoing a round of DNA replication in 5-bromodeoxyuridine. A smaller percentage of adenovirus-infected cells than mock-infected cells divided within a given period after completing a round of DNA replication. Viruses with mutations in conserved domain 2 were defective for initiation of cellular DNA replication, as were all other E1A mutants we have examined, but had no specific defect in cell division compared with wild-type virus. Thus, although there may be some specialization of function between the two E1A proteins and between their conserved domains, it was not apparent in the aspects of E1A function and the mutants that we examined.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed1978

Fracture of a float catheter. A case report.

Fracture of a balloon-tipped flow-directed catheter is described. The circumstances associated with the fracture are discussed, but no definite cause could be determined.

Cardiac Catheterization↗
PubMed1978

Haemodynamic responses to induced arterial hypotension in children.

Cardiovascular measurements were made in 12 children in whom arterial hypotension was induced with pentolinium and halothane. Propranolol was given to five patients who exhibited tachycardia. Measurements were made at the following stages: before induction of hypotension, 5 min after the administration of pentolinium, when a "dry" opening field was obtained, at the time of maximum hypotension and when arterial pressure had returned to 90% of the control values. The decrease in arterial pressure 5 min after the administration of pentolinium was accompanied by tachycardia, but there was no significant change in cardiac index and the operative field was congested. A substantial decrease in cardiac output occurred when a "dry" field was obtained.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The Rees system in infants: fresh gas flow and PaCO2.

Fresh gas flow from the anaesthetic machine can be set to determine the low level of PaCO2 that is achieved during anaesthesia using Rees variation of the T-piece. It does not however set the upper limits for PaCO2 which is more reliant upon the minute ventilation. For a PaCO2 of 40 mm Hg, it is suggested that the fresh gas flow from the machine be 220 cc/kg. For small infants, a higher flow rate is necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The effect of assisted ventilation on arterial carbon dioxide.

The effect on the arterial carbon dioxide tension of assisting spontaneously breathing patients under halothane anaesthesia has been studied. A reduction in PaCO2 is usually seen, but it was reduced below 40 torr in only 30 per cent of cases, while a rise was recorded in 20 per cent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Haemodynamic responses to antagonism of bocurarine block with atropine-neostigmine mixture in children.

Following antagonism of tubocurarine block with a mixture of atropine 20 microgram/kg and neostigmine 50 microgram/kg in 20 children, heart rate decreased from a control value of 110.4 beat/min to 90.1 at 5 min and 89.2 at 6 min (P less than 0.02). Stroke volume index did not change during the first 5 min from a control value of 36.3 ml. beat--1.m--2 but a significant increase to 48 ml. beat--1. m--2 was observed at the 6th and 7th mins following the injection of the mixture (P less than 0.05). Cardiac index and mean arterial pressure remained unaltered throughout the period of observation. Normal sinus rhythm was maintained in all patients. It was concluded that antagonism of tubocurarine with an atropine-neostigmine mixture does not produce any important haemodynamic change in children.

Atropine↗
PubMed1976

Tubocurarine and the neonate.

Tubocurarine, given as a single bolus, may be used safely for neuromuscular blockade in the neonate. The recommended dose is 250 mug/kg at birth, increasing to 500 mug/kg at 28 days of age. This dose should be reduced in the event of prematurity, acidosis or hypothermia, or when certain antibiotics or inhalation anaesthetic agents are present in the tissues. A single dose as described has a duration of approximately 1 h and it is only after this time that satisfactory antagonism can be obtained. The potency of pancuronium when compared with tubocurarine in the study is 6:1, from birth to 28 days.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Premedicant drugs and gastric juice pH and volume in pediatric patients.

The effects of premedication on gastric juice volume and pH were evaluated in five groups of 206 pediatric patients undergoing elective surgical procedures: Group 1 (Control) received no premedication; Group 2 was given morphine sulfate and pentobarbital as premedicants. The other groups received, in addition to morphine and pentobarbital, atropine (Group 3), scopolamine (Group 4), or glycopyrrolate (Group 5). After endotracheal intubation, gastric aspirates were examined for volume, pH and color. Neither premedication with morphine and pentobarbital nor addition of atropine or scopolamine to the premedication significantly altered volume. In patients treated with glycopyrrolate, volume was reduced to less than a third of that of patients in Group 1 (P less than 0.001), and the percentage of pH's higher than 2.5 was significantly greater than in other groups. The incidences of unobtainable samples and samples with pH's higher than 2.5 were greatest with atropine (32.0 per cent, P less than 0.05) and glycopyrrolate (58.1 per cent, P less than 0.01). In 60 per cent of the bile-stained specimens, pH's were below 2.5. It is concluded that because of its selective inhibitory effect on gastric acid secretions, glycopyrrolate appears superior to other anticholinergic drugs. The reduction of gastric juice volume and acidity produced by glycopyrrolate would have important clinical implications in case of accidental aspiration. It is also concluded that bile staining of gastric contents is not a reliable indicator of gastric juice pH.

Atropine↗
PubMed1976

Continuous positive airway pressure in the prophylaxis of the adult respiratory distress syndrome.

After an operation upon the abdomen, certain patients have a high risk of developing acute respiratory failure or the adult respiratory distress syndrome. These patients at high risk have been mechanically ventilated during the postoperative period in an attempt to prevent the onset of respiratory insufficiency. As a method of prophylaxis, continuous positive airway pressure has the advantages of increasing the functional residual capacity with minimal effects on the cardiac output, low potential for barotrauma and simplicity of equipment. Alternate patients at risk following an operation on the upper part of the abdomen were placed on 8 centimeters of water continuous positive airway pressure for the first 24 hours postoperatively. Fifty-six controls and 56 patients receiving continuous positive airway pressure were studied. In ten controls, adult respiratory distress syndrome developed, and three died in respiratory failure. Only one of the group receiving continuous positive airway pressure met standard criteria for the diagnosis of adult respiratory distress syndrome. In addition, in 25 patients serving as controls, respiratory complications other than adult respiratory distress syndrome developed compared with the development in only 11 receiving continuous positive airway pressure9

Abdomen↗
PubMed1975

Cardiac arrest related to anesthesia. Contributing factors in infants and children.

A collaborative retrospective study undertaken to investigate cardiac arrest related to pediatric anesthesia in seven institutions between 1960 and 1972 showed 73 instances in which anesthesia was thought to have been either directly responsible or had played an important contributing role. About two thirds of these patients were successfully resuscitated. Cases were found to fit into one of two major categories: cardiovascular and respiratory. Among cardiovascular factors, blood loss, preoperative anemia, inappropriate administration of succinylcholine, and accidental administration of potassium were important contributing causes. Respiratory factors included failure to maintain a patent airway and ventilatory problems. In retrospect, most of these accidents were preventable. Such information should indicate where research emphasis needs to be placed and that our current methods of teaching and training need to be reevaluated.

Adolescent↗