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E J Calabrese

Publications and source records attributed to E J Calabrese.

205 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Elevated blood pressure and high sodium levels in the public drinking water. Preliminary results of a study of high school students.

High school sophomores residing in a community with elevated levels of sodium in the drinking water (107 mg/1) exhibited a marked upward shift in blood pressure distribution patterns for systolic and diastolic blood pressures in both males and females as compared with a similar group in the control community (8 mg/1). The students group from the high sodium community appears to exhibit a blood pressure distribution characteristic of persons several years older.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Elevated sodium levels in the public drinking water as a contributor to elevated blood pressure levels in the community.

Further statistical analyses of previously reported preliminary data upheld results showing elevated levels of sodium in drinking water may exert an adverse health effect on normal, healthy persons. High school sophomores residing in a community with elevated levels of sodium in the drinking water (107 mg/l) exhibited a marked upward shift in blood pressure distribution patterns for systolic and diastolic pressure, when compared with students in an appropriately matched community (8 mg/l). Females exhibited a blood pressure distribution pattern characteristic of persons 10 yr older, while for males the upshift was similar to that of a group approximately 2 yr older.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The marginalization of hormesis.

Despite the substantial development and publication of highly reproducible toxicological data, the concept of hormetic dose-response relationships was never integrated into the mainstream of toxicological thought. Review of the historical foundations of the interpretation of the bioassay and assessment of competitive theories of dose-response relationships lead to the conclusion that multiple factors contributed to the marginalization of hormesis during the middle and subsequent decades of the 20th Century. These factors include the following: (a) the close association of hormesis with homeopathy, which led to the hostility of modern medicine toward homeopathy, thereby creating a guilt-by-association framework, and the carryover influence of that hostility toward hormesis in the judgements of medically based pharmacologists/toxicologists; (b) the emphasis of high-dose effects linked with a lack of appreciation of the significance of the implications of low-dose stimulatory effects; (c) the lack of an evolution-based mechanism(s) to account for hormetic effects; and (d) lack of appropriate scientific advocates to counter aggressive and intellectually powerful critics of the hormetic perspective.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chemical hormesis: its historical foundations as a biological hypothesis.

Despite the long history of hormesis-related experimental research, no systematic effort to describe its early history has been undertaken. The present paper attempts to reconstruct and assess the early history of such research and to evaluate how advances in related scientific fields affected the course of hormesis-related research. The purpose of this paper is not only to satisfy this gap in current knowledge but also to provide a foundation for the assessment of how the concept of hormetic dose-response relationships may have affected the nature of the bioassay, especially with respect to hazard assessment practices within a modern risk assessment framework.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The renal effects of sodium chlorite in the drinking water of C57L/J male mice.

The increasing concern over the possibility of adverse health effects due to the chlorination of drinking water has led to a search for alternative methods of disinfection. One potential alternative is chlorine dioxide which, when used, gives rise to the end product chlorite. This study investigated the potential of chlorite as a nephrotoxic agent when administered for various lengths of time (30, 90, and 180 days) in a series of concentrations (4, 20, and 100 ppm as sodium chlorite) to C57L/J male via drinking water. Examination by light and transmission electron microscopes did not reveal any evidence of renal pathologies. In addition, no evidence of significant mortality, water consumption differences, body weight change differences, kidney weight change differences, or differences in the percent kidney to body weight ratio was observed between the various levels of treatments.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ozone induced hematological changes in mouse strains with differential levels of erythrocyte G-6-PD activity and vitamin E status.

A single short term in vivo exposure (6 hr) to O3 (i.e., 0.3, 0.9, 1.5 ppm) markedly affected several hematological parameters in males of two mouse strains (C57L/J and A/J) reared on either a vitamin E normal or deficient diet. Of particular significance is that at the lowest concentration employed (i.e., 0.3 ppm), O3 induced marked decreases in red cell ACHE and increases in heinz body formation and osmotic fragility in both mouse strains regardless of diet type. Although the two mouse strains markedly differ in their RBC G-6-PD activity, they did not consistently differ in responses to O3 exposure.

Acetylcholinesterase↗