Biomedical subjects

E J Clarke

Publications and source records attributed to E J Clarke.

13 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1999

Types of conflicts and tensions between older parents and adult children.

What are the most common themes of conflict between aging parents and their adult children? Six types emerged in a qualitative analysis of Longitudinal Study of Generations survey data: conflicts over (1) communication and interaction style; (2) habits and lifestyle choices; (3) child-rearing practices and values; (4) politics, religion, and ideology; (5) work habits and orientations; and (6) household standards or maintenance. There were generational differences: parents most often listed conflicts over habits and lifestyle choices, whereas children cited communication and interaction style. These results suggest a new agenda for gerontological research: intergenerational conflict in the context of solidarity within aging families.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Lesions of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus increase sucrose consumption but do not affect discrimination or contrast effects.

Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) lesions block place preferences to drugs or food only when animals are nondeprived. PPTg lesions also disrupt operant responding, but lesioned rats cannot discriminate active from inactive levers. It is not clear, therefore, whether PPTg lesions block reward or disrupt the ability to differentiate changes in reward magnitude. These hypotheses were tested by measuring sucrose consumption, choice, and contrast effects after PPTg lesions. Both sham and lesioned rats consumed greater amounts of a sucrose solution as the concentration and level of deprivation were increased. Given a choice between 2 solutions, all rats consumed more of the higher concentration. Both groups exhibited contrast effects when the concentration was shifted from 32% to 4% within a session. Somewhat surprisingly, lesions increased sucrose intake when rats were food-restricted. These results suggest that PPTg lesions do not disrupt primary motivation or the ability to evaluate and respond to changes in reward strength.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Probabilistic rule induction from a medical research study database.

This paper describes and applies the ITRULE algorithm, a generalized rule induction algorithm of Smyth and Goodman, for the exploratory analysis of a subset of data from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study. The ITRULE algorithm is used as an effective, parsimonious method for detecting informative relationships in a large set of study variables. The potential complexity of the search among many variables is controlled by applying an information theoretic rule preference measure, the J-measure, to limit rule specialization.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1995

Psychiatric morbidity and psychodynamics of patients with convulsive pseudoseizures.

Forty-six female patients with pseudoseizures were compared with 50 female patients referred to a psychiatric outpatient clinic. Patients with convulsive pseudoseizures were more likely to be single and childless. An abnormal EEG was more frequently reported in patients with convulsive pseudoseizures, contributing to their earlier diagnosis of epilepsy. The defence mechanisms of patients with convulsive pseudoseizures using the Defense Mechanisms Inventory (DMI) were particularly characterized by higher scores on the 'reversal' scale and lower scores on the 'turning against self' scale. Mood disorders were more common in general psychiatric patients, while one-third of convulsive pseudoseizure patients did not complain of psychiatric symptoms.

Comorbidity↗

PubMed1975