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Biomedical subjects

E J Duryea

Publications and source records attributed to E J Duryea.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Effect of enteral feeding temperature on feeding tolerance in preterm infants.

Thirty preterm infants were randomly assigned to one of three milk temperature groups: 37 degrees C, 24 degrees C, and 10 degrees C. Infants were fed by gavage every two hours, and gastric residuals were measured immediately prior to the next feeding. Feeding tolerance was determined by dividing the volume of gastric residual by the total volume of the feeding. Abdominal and axillary skin temperatures were monitored half-hourly. Tolerance differed significantly among the three milk temperature groups, using ANCOVA, F(2, 26) = 41.06, p < .01, accounting for 75 percent of variance shared. Post hoc Scheffe's procedure on adjusted means indicated that the infants fed the warmer milk (BT group) had significantly smaller gastric residuals (6 percent) than those fed the colder milk (RT group, 22 percent and CT group, 18 percent). No significant differences in body temperature for any of the three milk temperature groups were found. Warming milk to body temperature may promote greater feeding tolerance in the VLBW infant (< or = 1,500 gm). Results from this study provide objective data that will help nurses provide optimal nutrition to preterm infants.

Enteral Nutrition↗
PubMed1991

Principles of non-verbal communication in efforts to reduce peer and social pressure.

Nonverbal communication literature contains salient and pragmatic principles relevant to peer pressure refusal components in school health education curricula. Yet, this literature has not been analyzed or integrated into health education interventions. Basic nonverbal components that could be applied to peer pressure resistance programs, such as gaze (eye behavior), stance and proxemics (space), gesture and emblems, and facial expression, are reviewed. Assertiveness literature and nonverbal communication also are summarized. Selected nonverbal resistance strategies are proposed for future peer pressure reduction efforts. A distinction is made between peer "pressure" conceptualized as nonverbal and peer "persuasion" viewed as verbal. Recommendations to incorporate relevant nonverbal concepts into the peer "pressure" components of school health education curricula are proposed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

An investigation of health decision-making skills among American Indian adolescents.

The investigation examined the health and social decision-making skills of a sample of 44 seventh-graders (mean age = 12.6 years) of American Indian descent. The students were presented with 10 scenarios describing a young person in the act of making a decision and were required to identify the next step the youth in the scenario should take to make a "wise" decision. There were no differences in the students' efficacy in making decisions with a health or social focus. However, some interesting differential patterns emerged for making health and social decisions. These findings may be beneficial to school health curriculum specialists, school psychologists, health behavior specialists, and health personnel who interact regularly with American Indian adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Age of onset, periods of risk, and patterns of progression in drug use among American Indian high school students.

A sample of 277 Native American students (grades 7 to 12) was surveyed to examine the age of onset, patterns of progression, and periods of risk for drug use. Results suggest that Native American youth begin smoking cigarettes and marijuana, drinking, sniffing solvents, and using cocaine as early as 10 years of age. The period of risk for initiation of drug use was between the ages of 10 and 13 years. Implications for drug use prevention-education programming are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Cognitive development and the dynamics of decision-making among adolescents.

Cognitive development was examined in relation to the amount of time students would deliberate before making a decision, the effect of perceived emotional stress on decision making, and identification of all possible decisions that would have to be made. Subjects were 94 eighth-11th grade students in New Mexico and Montana. Results indicated abstract thinkers had a better decision-making process than concrete thinkers and made more health promoting decisions. Health educators are challenged to create educational strategies that enhance abstract development and teach classic steps of decision-making, thus improving the decision-making ability of youth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Introducing conceptual tempo: an attempt to refocus health decision making in youth.

This paper reassesses the current trend toward health decision-making skills for youth. A new field of research for health behavior called conceptual tempo is introduced in an attempt to make health decision-making interventions more effective. The argument is made that decision-making programs may not realize their full potential because of the lack of emphasis placed on the child's rate of response or "conceptual tempo" in making health decisions. Suggestions are made on how best to utilize the conceptual tempo literature to enhance health decision-making program objectives in school health education.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

An exploratory study of the health decision-making variables of New York and Montana ninth-graders.

The health decision-making dynamics of adolescents in New York and Montana are assessed. Ninth-grade students were asked to make a decision on a hypothetical dilemma scenario. From their choice they were classified as either health-promoting decision makers (HPDM) or health-risky decision makers (HRDM). They were subsequently asked a series of questions dealing with future health choices, degree of reflection, the effect of stress upon choice selection, and type of cognition during decision. Results indicate that HPDM intended not to engage in future, risky sexual behavior or drinking and driving behavior(s). Health-risky decision makers were, however, more reflective in making their initial choice. The variable of stress was not definitive for either group, and significant regional differences were not evident. Implications for the design of school health education program curricula are presented along with suggestions for future investigation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Utilizing tenets of inoculation theory to develop and evaluate a preventive alcohol education intervention.

With the advent of the Surgeon General's Report, Healthy People, a renewed interest in and concern for the health-risky practices of the school aged has emerged. Moreover, because the mortality rates for the 15 to 24 year age group continues to increase while the mortality rates for every other age group continues to decline, a school health education imperative has become prevention-based interventions. The experimental, prevention-based alcohol education program reported here describes one such intervention directed at 9th grade students. The program was grounded on the principles of Inoculation Theory and evaluated using a Solomon Four-Group Design. Results indicate that the formulation of preventive alcohol education programs utilizing Inoculation Theory in a school setting is both feasible and productive in achieving designated objectives. Longitudinal assessment of the subjects with regard to their alcohol-related behavior is continuing throughout their high school careers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

A review of the research on reflection and impulsivity in children.

A review of the conceptual tempo literature indicated that students' conceptual tempos are important influences on a wide variety of learning tasks. While research in the modification of conceptual tempo has been mixed, the results generally indicate that impulsivity can be attenuated and that the more reflective behavior patterns generalize across settings. The implications of conceptual tempo research are examined with a specific emphasis on issues related to health education.

Anxiety↗