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Biomedical subjects

E J Goldstein

Publications and source records attributed to E J Goldstein.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Comparative activity of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, sparfloxacin, temafloxacin, CI-960, CI-990, and WIN 57273 against anaerobic bacteria.

The in vitro activities of seven fluoroquinolones against 290 anaerobes were determined by agar dilution. CI-960 and WIN 57273 inhibited greater than 95% of the strains at less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml. CI-990 required less than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml. Clustering around 2 to 4 micrograms/ml was noted for Bacteroides fragilis group organisms with CI-990, sparfloxacin, and temafloxacin. Temafloxacin and sparfloxacin inhibited most strains at less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml. B. fragilis was more susceptible to all quinolones than were the other B. fragilis group strains.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1992

Escherichia coli resistant to ampicillin/sulbactam.

Escherichia coli strains resistant to ampicillin/sulbactam from hospitals in 4 different geographic locations were examined with respect to type and amount of beta-lactamase produced. A total of 5 strains was examined from each region. The isoelectric points of all of the involved beta-lactamases were 5.4, corresponding to TEM-1. Km and Vmax values of the beta-lactamases among the clinical isolates resembled those from the control TEM-1 strain. In an 18-hour broth culture the highly resistant isolates produced 3 times more beta-lactamase as compared to the ampicillin/sulbactam-susceptible isolates. However, the highly resistant strains contained approximately the same amount of plasmid DNA (size of > 6,500 bp) as the susceptible isolates. In transformation experiments, both the resistance and the degree of resistance appeared to have been transferable by plasmids. The mechanism for resistance is likely to be a baseline overproduction of TEM-1 beta-lactamase due to either an alteration in the control of gene expression or simply to an increase in the number of copies of the beta-lactamase gene in the plasmids.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1979

Erythromycin for anaerobic pleuropulmonary and soft-tissue infections.

Erythromycin has been reported to be active in vitro against most anaerobic bacteria. We found it effective in treating 14 of 17 patients with mild to moderately severe anaerobic or mixed aerobic/anaerobic pleuropulmonary of soft-tissue infections when adjunctive measures (eg, drainage, débridement, and the use of additional antibiotics to treat important aerobic pathogens) were employed. Erythromycin offers a reasonable therapeutic alternative to penicillin in the treatment of a penicillin-allergic patient who has a mild or moderately severe anaerobic or mixed aerobic/anaerobic infection not involving Bacteroides fragilis or fusobacteria.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1979

Bacteriology of rattlesnake venom and implications for therapy.

Although the incidence of infection secondary to the bites of venomous snakes remains unknown, the routine use of prophylactic antimicrobial therapy is advocated. In this study, the venom from 15 rattlesnakes was cultured, and 58 aerobic and 28 anaerobic strains of bacteria were isolated. The most common species isolated were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus species, coagulase-negative staphylocci, and Clostridium species. Bacteroides fragilis was also recovered. When the fang sheaths of four additional rattlesnakes were retracted and the fangs of these snakes decontaminated, 50% of the samples of venom had no bacterial growth (P = 0.035). Until a clinical study is performed, the use of antimicrobial therapy that reflects that complex oral flora of rattlesnakes is still recommended in most cases of envenomization.

Alcaligenes↗
PubMed1979

Isolation of Eikenella corrodens from pulmonary infections.

Eikenella corrodens is a capnophilic gram-negative rod that is part of the normal human oral flora. We report the isolation of E. corrodens by transtracheal aspiration or percutaneous aspiration from 7 patients with pneumonia and/or lung abscess. Four of the 7 patients had an associated carcinoma of the lung. The susceptibilities of strains were tested to penicillin, dicloxacillin, clindamycin, and 10 cephalosporins. All strains were very susceptible to penicillin and cefoxitin and resistant to dicloxacillin and clindamycin. Susceptibilities of strains to the cephalosporins were variable. E. corrodens has been increasingly identified as a pathogen and should be recognized as an etiologic agent of pneumonia, especially in cases not responding to therapy with a penicillinase-resistant penicillin, clindamycin, or cephalosporin.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Ligandinuria: an indication of tubular cell necrosis.

Ligandinuria is a useful index of acute tubular injury. Ligandin probably enters the urine at the time of initial necrosis and should be looked for soon after the toxic or ischemic event. Periodic examination of perfusates for this substance might yield useful information about techniques for storage of cadaver kidneys.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Aetiology of antimicrobial-agent-associated colitis.

Clostridium difficile was isolated from the faeces of a patient with clindamycin-associated pseudomembranous colitis (P.M.C.). The presence of a preformed faecal toxin and the toxigenicity of both the faecal isolate of C. difficile and a reference strain of C. difficile were demonstrated by tissue-culture assay. The toxin of both strains of C. difficile and that in the patient's faeces were neutralised by heating and by incubation with antitoxin to C. sordellii, but not by incubation with antitoxin to C. histolyticum, C. oedematiens (novyi), C. welchii (C. perfringens) or C. septicum. These data implicate the toxin of C. difficile as a major, and perhaps the sole, cause of antimicrobial-agent-associated P.M.C. of man and suggest that the neutralisation of the faecal toxin of P.M.C. by C. sordellii antitoxin, as described by other investigators, may be a non-specific phenomenon.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Sinus infection due to Eikenella corrodens.

Eikenella corrodens is a gram-negative rod that has been identified as a cause of endocarditis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, cellulitis, and other infections. Because it is difficult to grow unless it is incubated in 10% carbon dioxide and because it may be overgrown by other organisms, it can be overlooked as a sinus pathogen. This is a report of the isolation of E corrodens from the sinuses of three patients with sinusitis. Three important features of infection with E corrodens, which are illustrated by these cases, are as follows: (1) the indolence of E corrodens infections; (2) the unusual susceptibility pattern of E corrodens; and (3) the fact that E corrodens is often isolated in mixed culture. The purulent contents of sinus cavities should be cultured in aerobic, anaerobic, and 10% carbon dioxide atmospheres.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Infections following clenched-fist injury: a new perspective.

Fifteen cases of clenched-fist injury were studied by aerobic, anaerobic, and 10% CO2 cultures. Anaerobic bacteria and Eikenella corrodens were prominent pathogens, being recovered in 60% and 20% of cases, respectively. These organisms are more susceptible to penicillin than to penicillinase-resistant penicillins or cephalosporins. All clenched-fist injuries should be cultured in aerobic, anaerobic, and 10% CO2 atmospheres. We recommend the use of both penicillin and a penicillinase-resistant penicillin as initial empiric therapy.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1978

Comparative susceptibilities of anaerobic bacteria to metronidazole, ornidazole, and SC-28538.

The susceptibilities of 284 anaerobic bacteria, including 55 strains of the Bacteroides fragilis group, were determined by an agar dilution technique to metronidazole and two newer nitroimidazoles, ornidazole and SC-28538. All three agents showed marked in vitro activity against virtually all anaerobic bacteria tested. At concentrations </=1 mug/ml, SC-28538 was significantly more active than either metronidazole or ornidazole. At concentrations of >1 mug/ml, the activities of all three agents were comparable. Propionibacterium and Actinomyces showed significant resistance to all three agents. Anaerobic and microaerophilic members of the genus Streptococcus were also often resistant, in contrast to Peptococcus and Peptostreptococcus strains. In addition, the bactericidal activities of ornidazole and SC-28538 were determined against 27 strains of the B. fragilis group by a broth dilution technique. The minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations of each agent were very close. At concentrations of </=0.5 mug/ml, SC-28538 showed greater bactericidal activity; at concentrations of >/=2 mug/ml, the activies of both agents were similar.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1978

Susceptibility of Eikenella corrodens to ten cephalosporins.

The susceptibility of 24 strains of Eikenella corrodens was determined, by the agar dilution technique, to 10 cephalosporins, as well as to clindamycin, penicillin and dicloxacillin. All strains were uniformly very susceptible to penicillin G and cefoxitin and resistant to clindamycin and dicloxacillin. Cefazolin showed good activity. Cephalexin, cephradine, and cefadroxil showed poor activity, and cefamandole's activity was relatively poor. Cephalothin, cephapirin, cefaclor, and cephaloridine showed moderate activity, with some strains relatively resistant.

Bacteroides↗
PubMed1978

Infections caused by Klebsiella ozaenae: a changing disease spectrum.

A total of 64 isolates of Klebsiella ozaenae were recovered from 36 patients during a 40-month period. Over 7,500 isolates of K. pneumoniae were isolated during the same time period. Before this decade, K. ozaenae was considered to be only a colonizer of the nasopharynx or a putative cause of ozena (atrophic rhinitis). K. ozaenae was recovered most frequently from sputum in mixed culture but was associated with infection in 12 patients (2 with bacteremia, 3 with urinary tract infection, 1 with soft tissue infection, and 6 with mucopurulent nasal discharge). The spectrum of disease caused by this organism is more extensive than has been appreciated previously.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Bacteriology of human and animal bite wounds.

Seventy-three patients with bite wounds (16 patients with clenched-fist injuries, 18 with human bite wounds, and 39 with animal bites) were cultured aerobically and anaerobically. A total of 33 of 34 patients with human bites and clenched-fist injuries and 33 of 39 patients with animal bites had aerobic or facultative bacteria isolated from their wounds. A total of 224 strains of aerobic or facultative bacteria were isolated, the most frequent isolate being alpha-hemolytic streptococci (50 strains). Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 18 wounds. Penicillin-resistant gram-negative rods were infrequently isolated (12 strains). Anaerobic bacteria were isolated in 18 of 34 human bite wounds and clenched-fist injuries and 16 of 39 animal bite wounds. A total of 88 anaerobic strains was isolated, the most common being various Bacteroides species (36 strains).

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1978

Animal bites.

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Animals↗