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Biomedical subjects

E J Hanson

Publications and source records attributed to E J Hanson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Respite care for frail older people and their family carers: concept analysis and user focus group findings of a pan-European nursing research project.

This paper provides a concept analysis of respite care for frail older people and their family carers. The authors re-examine the broader conceptualization of respite care delineated by Nolan & Grant, namely, users' needs for information, education and support about respite care, based on a review of recent literature and on a user focus group study. This work was undertaken by the Sheffield arm of the ACTION Project research team. ACTION is a 36-month project (1997-1999), involving Northern Ireland, The Republic of Ireland, Portugal, Sweden and England and is the largest nurse-led project to have received funding from the European Union TIDE sector (DGXIII Telematics Applications Programme, Disabled and Elderly). The authors discuss the key elements of respite and, more specifically, how they can be successfully used so that the potential of respite may be realized fully by family carers. Recommendations within the context of the ACTION research project are put forward to enable family carers and the persons they care for to make informed choices about respite care.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1999

A multimedia intervention to support family caregivers.

The lack of choice and predominance of crisis-oriented care in relation to respite and long-term care for family carers and frail older people provided the authors with the rationale for the development, within the European-funded Assisting Carers using Telematic Interventions to meet Older person's Needs (ACTION) project, of two innovative multimedia programs. The key aim of the programs is to provide education, information, and support about respite care and planning for the future for family carers and frail older people in their homes. In this way, it is intended that family carers and frail older people will be able to make informed choices concerning their health and social care needs. The authors describe the conceptual basis of the multimedia programs, the research and development process, the content of the multimedia programs, and the evaluation of the developed product.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Psychological support role of night nursing staff on an acute care oncology unit. A Canadian pilot study.

Observational field techniques were used to explore the dimensions of psychological support provided by experienced night nursing staff on an acute oncology unit in a Canadian tertiary care setting. This study confirms the findings of an earlier British pilot study surrounding the essential role that nurses play in meeting the psychosocial needs of cancer patients during the night shift on oncology wards. Categories included comfort care, monitoring, facilitating patient control, responding to the family, collegial support, and contextual factors. The findings confirm the need to raise the awareness of other health care professionals regarding the psychological support role night nurses undertake.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Issues concerning the familiarity of researchers with the research setting.

A key rule in qualitative research suggests that researchers should not carry out their research in a setting with which they are familiar, in that they work in or have previously worked in the setting. Experts in qualitative research warn of the pitfalls related to the researcher's lack of objectivity and to role confusion. The issue is not as clear cut as it may first appear. There are merits to a researcher having subjective knowledge of the setting and, at macro level, the cultural norms and values of the health care professionals involved.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

An exploration of the taken-for-granted world of the cancer nurse in relation to stress and the person with cancer.

This paper focuses upon an exploration into the world of the cancer nurse regarding stress and persons with cancer. It is proposed that the cancer nurse's world often is not emphasized or even acknowledged within clinical practice and, for the most part, remains ignored. It is argued that the cancer nurse's world is rich with meaning, and the knowledge, skills and values within this domain need to come to the fore. A phenomenological approach was adopted for the study, because of the inherent emphasis upon meaning and understanding within the cancer nurse's everyday practice. Methodological triangulation involved qualitative interviews with nursing staff on an acute oncology unit, observation of the nursing admission assessments of cancer patients and use of archival sources (nursing kardexes). Content analysis of the interview findings revealed that the common-sense understandings of the cancer nurse were present in relation to stress and the person with cancer. Although these construals have not been adequately studied, the framework of common-sense knowledge involves the informal views and the wealth of knowledge individuals have. Common-sense construals are linked to the nurses' experience, both past and present, and derived from both professional practice and educational experiences. In practice, however, the nurses often failed to rely on this knowledge, apparently because of the mainstream influence of the medical model. The study led to the recommendation reported on in this paper that nurses must bring their common-sense knowledge and values to the fore in order to provide holistic care of persons with cancer.

Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice↗
PubMed1994

Psychological support at night. A pilot study.

In-depth interviews with a sample of 10 nurses working permanent night duty in a British regional oncology and radiotherapy hospital reported that a significant part of their job involved psychological support for those patients who were awake and experiencing stress. The respondents explained that this psychological work was often disregarded and/or went unrecognized by the nursing staff on day duty, an attitude that could jeopardize the continuity of care of cancer patients. The findings stem from the author's doctoral dissertation concerning the role of the cancer nurse in relation to stress and the person with cancer, and they lay the foundation for further studies into the nature of the nurse's support role of cancer patients at night and in different health-care settings.

Canada↗
PubMed1989

Protruding arachnoid granulations mimicking dermoid cysts.

This is the report of two children who had prominent arachnoid granulations that were mistaken clinically for dermoid cysts. These lesions appeared in the midline, primarily posteriorly. During surgery, the lesions extended through the dura connected by a stalk. A pathologic examination confirmed the lesions to be arachnoid granulations.

Arachnoid↗
PubMed1987

The abducted arm as a sign of ruptured cervical disc.

A helpful clinical sign of ruptured cervical disc is pain relief upon arm abduction. When the disease process is spondylosis with foraminal stenosis, changing arm position does not relieve pain. Anatomical considerations are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Staphylococcus epidermidis ventriculitis treated with vancomycin and rifampin.

Two cases of ventriculitis with Staphylococcus epidermidis that failed on therapy with an antistaphylococcal penicillin are presented. Both infections responded to a combination of intravenous and intraventricular vancomycin and rifampin. Vancomycin and rifampin represent an important antibiotic regimen for the management of resistant infections of the central nervous system, especially with those due to S. epidermidis or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1976

Tobramycin therapy of infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis: effect of dosage and concentration of antibiotic in sputum.

Established respiratory infections with mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients suffering from cystic fibrosis were treated with conventional as well as larger doses of tobramycin. The infection was eradicated in four of the 17 patients treated, but the duration of follow-up study of one patient was short. It appeared that treatment was most successful in those patients in whom the highest peak concentrations of tobramycin in sputum were obtained. No side effects were noted, even when tobramycin was given in large doses for two weeks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Suprasellar extension of tumor associated with increased cerebrospinal fluid activity of growth hormone.

The diagnosis of hormonally active acromegaly has been aided by the radioimmunoassay for human growth hormone (hGH). We report a case in which baseline plasma hGH levels were elevated minimally and partial suppression during the glucose tolerance test occurred. Subsequent hGH assay of the cerebrospinal fluid, however, confirmed active acromegaly and correctly predicted suprasellar extension of the tumor.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1975

Comparison of 85krypton and 133xenon cerebral blood flow measurements before, during, and following focal, incomplete ischemia in the squirrel monkey.

A comparison of regional cerebral blood flow measurements made with beta- and gamma-emitting isotopes revealed good correspondence in areas of normal perfusion and reactive hyperemia but poor correspondence in areas of focal ischemia. After middle cerebral artery occlusion at normocapnia, there was a 65% reduction in regional cerebral blood flow from 1.40 plus or minus 0.27 ml/g min--1 to 0.49 plus or minus 0.10 ml/g min--1 in monkeys studied with 85Kr but only a 27% reduction in regional cerebral blood flow from 0.84 plus or minus 0.09 ml/g min--1 to 0.61 plus or minus 0.08 ml/g min--1 in monkeys studied with 133Xe. The lack of correlation within areas of focal, incomplete ischemia was attributed to an impairment of isotope delivery to the area of ischemia coupled with the inherent lack of spatial resolution of determinations made with 133Xe. This finding may partly explain the numerous discrepancies in experimental and clinical studies of the effects of alterations in the arterial partial pressure of CO2 on regional cerebral blood flow in areas of ischemia; it may also explain the failure of such studies to reflect the true severity of focal ischemia.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of cerebral vasoconstricting and vasodilating agents on blood flow in regions of focal ischemia.

Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measurements with krypton-85 (100 separate determinations) were compared in squirrel monkeys anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (a cerebral vasoconstrictor) and halothane (a cerebral vasodilator) before, during, and after middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Prior to MCA occlusion, a normal physiological response to alterations in arterial carbon dioxide tensions (Paco2) was demonstrated in both groups of monkeys; the cerebral vascular resistance was significantly lower in those anesthetized with halothane. During ischemia, there was loss of autoregulation and a failure to respond to alterations in Paco2 in both groups. Flow in the ischemic region remained uniform in the barbiturate group but decreased progressively in the halothane group, suggesting a "paradoxical response" to the dilating agent. Reactive hyperemia (luxury perfusion) was demonstrated in both groups after restoration of flow. The use of a beta-emitting isotope ensured that measurements in regions of ischemia accurately reflected rCBF and were free of the artifacts ("look through" and Compton scatter) related to use of a gamma-emitting indicator.

Animals↗