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E J Swift

Publications and source records attributed to E J Swift.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Eighteen-month clinical evaluation of a filled and unfilled dentin adhesive.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of a filled (OptiBond Solo) and an unfilled (Prime & Bond 2.1) "one-bottle" adhesive in Class V restorations after 18 months of clinical service. METHODS: Thirty-three patients with non-carious cervical lesions were enrolled in the study. A total of 101 lesions were restored using one of the adhesives and a hybrid composite resin. Enamel was not beveled, nor was any mechanical retention placed. The restorations were evaluated at baseline, and at 6 and 18 months after placement using modified USPHS criteria. RESULTS: Cumulative 18-month retention rates were 93.6% for OptiBond Solo and 98.0% for Prime & Bond 2.1. The difference in retention rates was not statistically significant. For OptiBond Solo, the only notable problems were interfacial staining and marginal adaptation, both of which were less than ideal in 9% of restorations. Marginal problems were slightly less frequent for Prime & Bond 2.1 restorations, but the difference was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Both adhesives provided Class V retention rates exceeding the 18-month, full acceptance guidelines set by the American Dental Association. Any additional benefit provided by the use of a filled adhesive was not detected in this 18-month clinical trial.

Adhesives↗
PubMed2001

Free-electron laser etching of dental enamel.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Mark-III free-electron laser as a means of etching enamel surfaces, with potential application to resin bonding. METHODS: The FEL was tuned to wavelengths ranging from 3.0 to 9.2 microm. Specific wavelengths that are resonantly absorbed by phosphates, proteins, and water were used. First, bovine enamel was polished and exposed to static FEL exposures. Lased enamel was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additional bovine enamel specimens were exposed to FEL at similar wavelengths, but with rastering to create treated rectangular areas on each specimen. Surface roughness was evaluated using profilometry and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Composite was bonded to the lased enamel, and shear bond strengths were determined using an Instron universal testing machine. As a control, the surface roughness of, and shear bond strengths to, acid-etched enamel were determined. RESULTS: Static FEL exposures caused changes in the enamel ranging from an etched appearance to pits, cracks, and frank cratering. The surface roughness of lased enamel was much greater than that of acid-etched enamel, and was qualitatively different as well. Shear bond strengths of resin to acid-etched enamel were significantly higher than bond strengths to lased enamel. CONCLUSIONS: Under the conditions used in this study, the FEL did not offer a practical and effective method of etching enamel for resin bonding. However, the ability of the FEL to deliver many specific wavelengths makes it an interesting tool for further research of laser effects on tooth structure.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed2001

Effects of phosphoric acid and glutaraldehyde-HEMA on dentin collagen.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of phosphoric acid (PA) and a proprietary glutaraldehyde-HEMA aqueous solution (Gluma Desensitizer; GD) on dentin collagen. Specimens of demineralized bovine dentin collagen were treated with either 37% or 50% PA for 1 or 5 min. An additional set of specimens was treated with 37% PA for 1 min followed by GD for 1 min. All specimens were washed with distilled water, lyophilized. reduced with standardized NaB3H4, hydrolyzed with 6 M HCl and subjected to amino acid and cross-link analyses. The results demonstrated that the treatment of demineralized dentin with PA under the conditions tested did not significantly alter the collagen cross-links. The GD-treated samples showed reduction of free lysine (Lys) and hydroxylysine (Hyl) residues, as well as a decrease in the levels of collagen reducible cross-links. In addition, unidentified reducible compounds were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. These compounds may be derived from cross-links formed between GD-derived aldehyde and Lys/Hyl of collagen. The findings indicate that PA treatment does not significantly affect dentin collagen amino acid and cross-link composition, and that GD treatment affects dentin collagen amino acid and cross-link composition.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2001

Dentin bonding.

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Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed2001

Maximizing esthetic results in posterior restorations using composite opaquers.

UNLABELLED: After removal of caries or a faulty existing restoration in a posterior tooth, frequently the pulpal floor is a dark substrate. Composites are translucent by nature, and even the more opaque shades transmit nearly 60% of visible light, meaning that composites require a certain thickness to maintain their intended shade, especially if the underlying substrate is particularly dark. Depending on the intensity of the dark substrate, even relatively thick composite restorations may not be capable of disguising the discolored dentin underneath. The substrate absorbs a significant part of the light that would otherwise reflect toward the occlusal surface, and the restoration has a nonvital monochromatic grayish color. Opaquers and tints (color modifiers) may be extremely useful to overcome this situation. In this study, composite restorations were placed in extracted teeth to demonstrate that the final esthetic results rely upon the optical properties of the background as well as those of the composite material itself. Preparations with simulated dark pulpal floors were restored without the use of opaquers and tint modifiers. After tooth hydration, the final shade was recorded with photographs. The restoration was removed and a new restoration was placed, but this time with a technique involving opaquer and tints. This article compares and discusses the outcomes of these two procedures. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This demonstration shows a simple technique that can help dentists obtain predictable esthetic results in their daily practice with posterior composite restorations.

Color↗
PubMed2001

Fabrication of direct fiber-reinforced posts: a structural design concept.

UNLABELLED: As the clinician continues the quest for optimal functional and esthetic success of a tooth-restorative complex, the current selection of restorative materials and techniques may prove overwhelming. Although no single system provides the ideal restorative solution for every clinical circumstance, understanding of general design criteria and the components for the various post and core systems available allow the clinician to appropriately select the method and materials compatible with the existing tooth structure and desired result. This article provides a discussion of the various post and core systems, the methods and materials inherent in these systems, and general design principles. Using that basic information and clinical experience, the authors offer an alternative procedure for the rehabilitation of the intraradicular anatomy of the post-endodontic channel with a direct composite resin--the fiber-reinforced post and core system. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Using improved restorative materials that stimulate the physical properties and other characteristics of natural teeth in combination with the proper design principles, the clinician can develop a tooth-restorative complex with optimal functional and esthetic results.

Bite Force↗
PubMed2001

Dentin bonding.

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Adhesives↗
PubMed2001

Clinical evaluation of two one-bottle dentin adhesives at three years.

BACKGROUND: The method currently used to adhere resin to dentin involves etching, priming and bonding. Many commercial adhesives now combine priming and bonding functions in a single solution, and these are frequently called one-bottle adhesives. The purpose of this study was to compare the 36-month clinical performance of two commercial one-bottle adhesives. METHODS: The authors enrolled 33 patients with noncarious cervical lesions in the study. A total of 101 lesions were restored with either a filled, ethanol-based adhesive (OptiBond Solo, SDS Kerr) or an unfilled, acetone-based adhesive (Prime & Bond 2.1, Dentsply Caulk) and a hybrid resin-based composite. Enamel margins were not beveled, and no mechanical retention was placed. The restorations were evaluated at baseline and six months, 18 months and 36 months after placement using modified Cvar/Ryge criteria. RESULTS: The retention rates at 36 months were 93.3 percent for the ethanol-based adhesive and 89.4 percent for the acetone-based adhesive. The difference in retention rates was not statistically significant. In both groups, 12 percent of the retained restorations had marginal staining, but no recurrent caries was detected around any restoration. Other restoration characteristics such as marginal adaptation and color match remained excellent three years after placement. CONCLUSIONS: The performance of both adhesives was excellent during this 36-month clinical trial. At the most recent recall evaluation (that is, 36 months), the filled, ethanol-based adhesive exhibited slightly better bond durability, but the difference between the two materials was not statistically significant. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The one-bottle adhesives evaluated in this study provided excellent clinical retention of Class V restorations without mechanical retention. When the materials are used properly, restorations are retained at a high rate during at least three years of clinical service.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The bottom line.

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Composite Resins↗
PubMed2001

Effects of demineralization depth on microtensile bond strength to human dentin.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of different phosphoric acid concentrations (10% and 37%) on the microtensile bond strengths (microTBS) of three dentin adhesive systems with different solvents (ethanol, acetone, or none). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen third molars divided into six groups were ground flat to expose superficial dentin, which was polished to 600-grit. The bonding procedure was initiated using either of two phosphoric acid gels (10% and 37%). Three adhesive systems - Single Bond (SB), Prime & Bond NT (NT), and One Coat Bond (OC) - with different solvents (ethanol, acetone, or none, respectively) were used. After adhesive application, a cylinder of composite resin was built up. After 24 h water storage, each tooth was serially sectioned into thin rectangular sections (or "sticks") parallel to the long axis and with a mean cross-sectional area of 0.4 mm2. microTBS were determined using an Instron universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Duncan's test. RESULTS: Mean bond strengths ranged from 66.1 MPa for 10%/ H3PO4 and SB to 43.8 MPa for 37% H3PO4 and OC. SB and OC tended to have slightly higher bond strengths when 10% H3PO4 was used. NT with 37% H3PO4 had a significantly higher microTBS (54.6 MPa) than NT with 10% H3PO4 (44.4 MPa). CONCLUSION: Etching dentin with 37% H3PO4 resulted in a significantly higher mean microTBS for the acetone-based adhesive NT. For both the ethanol- and water-based adhesive (SB) and the solvent-free adhesive (OC), acid concentration did not significantly affect bond strength.

Acetone↗
PubMed2001

Effects of restorative and adhesive curing methods on dentin bond strengths.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the shear bond strengths of "one-bottle" adhesives to dentin when used with self-cured composite. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 100 bovine teeth were ground to expose superficial dentin, which was polished to 600-grit. The dentin was etched for 15 s with 35% phosphoric acid, rinsed, and blotted with tissue paper. The surface remained visibly moist for all specimens. The following adhesives were applied to the etched dentin according to manufacturers' directions: Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (in its visible light-cured [VLC] and self-cure modes) as a control, One-Step (VLC only), OptiBond Solo Plus (VLC only), Prime & Bond NT (VLC) and Prime & Bond NT Dual-Cure. For each adhesive, specimens were bonded with a self-cure composite, while 10 were bonded with a VLC composite as a control. After 24 hrs water storage, shear bond strengths were determined using an Instron universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, Tukey's test, and Student's t-tests. RESULTS: Using the light-cured composite, mean bond strengths ranged from 11.0 MPa for light-cured Prime & Bond NT to 26.3 MPa for OptiBond Solo Plus. Using the self-cure composite, mean bond strengths ranged from 0.0 for light-cured Prime & Bond NT to 21.4 MPa for One-Step. Two adhesives, light-cured Prime & Bond NT and OptiBond Solo Plus, had significantly lower bond strengths when used with the self-cure composite. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Some "one-bottle" dentin adhesives may not provide acceptable bonding to tooth structure when they are used with self-cure composites.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed2001

Dentin bond strengths as a function of solvent and glutaraldehyde content.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of the inclusion of glutaraldehyde on the shear bond strength of new ethanol-based adhesives (Gluma Comfort Bond & Desensitizer, GCBD and Gluma Comfort Bond, GCB) versus acetone-based Gluma One Bond (GOB) and a conventional three-step adhesive as a control. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty bovine incisors were mounted in acrylic, polished to 600-grit, and randomly assigned to four groups (n=10). Dentin was etched for 15 s using 35% phosphoric acid, rinsed, and lightly dried. After adhesive application and curing, Charisma composite was applied in a #5 gelatin capsule and light-cured. Specimens were loaded in shear using an Instron at 5 mm/min. Shear bond strengths were calculated by dividing failure load by bonded surface area. ANOVA showed a significant difference in means at P< 0.01, so Tukey's test was used for pairwise comparisons. RESULTS: Mean SBS (+/- SD, MPa) were: GOB: 8 (4.4)ab; GCB: 10 (4.4)ab; GCBD: 14 (6)bc; SBMP: 17.7 (6.4)c. Superscript letters indicate Tukey's homogeneous subsets (P< 0.05).

Acetone↗
PubMed2001

Clinical evaluation of Prime & Bond 2.1 for treating cervical dentin hypersensitivity.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a "one-bottle" dentin adhesive for reducing or eliminating hypersensitivity in exposed cervical dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight patients with hypersensitive teeth were enrolled in this clinical trial. The hypersensitive teeth included a total of 22 premolars and anterior teeth with exposed cervical dentin that was sensitive to cold or other stimuli. A single layer of Prime & Bond 2.1, an acetone-based "one-bottle" adhesive, was applied to the cervical dentin and was light-cured. Sensitivity to compressed air and cold stimuli was determined immediately before and after treatment, and at periods ranging to 24 wks after treatment. Patient responses to the stimuli were timed, and were also evaluated by the use of a visual analogue scale. RESULTS: Application of a single coat of Prime & Bond 2.1 significantly reduced cervical dentin hypersensitivity to both compressed air and cold stimuli immediately after treatment. The reduction in hypersensitivity remained significant at 24 wks after treatment.

Acetone↗