Biomedical subjects
E Jacobsen
Publications and source records attributed to E Jacobsen.
Transcutaneous oxygen tension measurement during halothane and neurolept anesthesia.
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[Newer anesthetics, advantages and disadvantages].
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Polarographic determination of folic acid in pharmaceutical preparations.
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The minor alcoholics and their treatment.
The codiscoverer of disulfiram's usefulness for alcoholics reports on the development of Denmark's present system of alcoholism treatment and the treatment facilities.
Transcutaneous oxygen tension measurement I. Age variation and reproducibility.
In 20 patients, aged 19-80 y and without pulmonary or cardiovascular disease, transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPO2) and arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) were measured. tcPO2 was measured with a Radiometer TCM-1 (transcutaneous oxygen monitor) at 43 C degrees. The age regression for tcPO2 was: tcPO2 = 10.4-0.035 x age (r = 0.406); the corresponding equation for PaO2 was: 13.8-0.053 x age (r = 0.687). The mean difference between tcPO2 and PaO2 was 2.6 kPa (s.d = 0.97) and the ratio tcPO2/PaO2 was 0.8. The accuracy of tcPO2 at the level 5.3-13.2 kPa based on 480 measurements was on the average +/-1.28 kPa (maximum +/-1.73 kPa) at the 95% confidence level. The accuracy of tcPO2 measurements is acceptable for clinical use, and in healthy adults tcPO2 reflects PaO2.
Transcutaneous oxygen tension measurement II. The influence of halothane and hypotension.
The influence of halothane-oxygen mixtures on three different transcutaneous oxygen electrodes was investigated. The influence of hypotension caused by halothane and halothane-nitroprusside on transcutaneous oxygen tension measurement (tcPO2) in halothane-anaesthetized patients was examined as well. The electrodes differed with respect to polarization voltages (630 mV or 500 mV) and electrolyte composition (silver chloride or silver bromide). A change dependent on halothane concentration was demonstrated in the electrode readings, both with a polarization voltage of 630 mV and with silver bromide as electrolyte. Using an electrode with 500 mV in polarization voltage and silver chloride as electrolyte, no changes were observed in the readings. During induced hypotension, the tcPO2 values fell in proportion to the mean arterial blood pressure. In patients with a mean arterial blood pressure over 11kPa a tcPO2/PaO2 ratio of 0.6 was found. It is concluded that tcPO2 monitoring during halothane anaesthesia can be influenced in at least two ways, apart from changes in PaO2: (1) by oxygen electrode error due to the halothane; and (2) by changes in skin blood flow. In comparison to the changes in tcPO2 due to the haemodynamic effects of halothane anaesthesia, the changes due to halothane error are small.
Ergotism treated with hyperbaric oxygen and continuous epidural analgesia.
Eight patients suffering from severe ergotamine-induced peripheral ischaemia were transferred to our institution for hyperbaric oxygen treatment after unsuccessful therapy in the primary hospital. The patients were exposed to 3 ATBS oxygen for 1 hour 2-3 times daily and they were given an epidural block for the purpose of analgesia where there was severe pain. The circulation and vitality of tissue were restored in all patients. One had tarsal amputations performed half a year later. Hyperbaric oxygen in combination with epidural analgesia is recommended in severe cases of ergotism.
Identification and quantitative determination of meconic acid by differential pulse polarography.
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Determination of bacitracin by differential pulse polarography.
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Pulmonary hemodynamics during induction of anesthesia.
Changes in pulmonary hemodynamics and acid-base balance were recorded during induction of anesthesia using either intravenous administration of barbiturate (28 patients) or inhalation of N2O-O2-halothane (12 patients). The two types of induction resulted in equal elevations of pressures within the pulmonary circulation. The increase, proportional on the two sides of the heart, was most pronounced immediately before endotracheal intubation. Cardiac index decreased before and during intubation but subsequently increased to levels above control values. Systemic blood pressure increased more during barbiturate than during inhalation induction. Changes in acid-base balance were similar during the two types of induction: arterial blood PCO2 and PO2 increased, pH decreased, and standard bicarbonate remained unchanged. Changes in pulmonary arterial mean pressure and central venous pressure were correlated with changes in PACO2. Pulmonary capillary filtration pressure (i.e., pulmonary capillary wedge pressure minus plasma colloid osmotic pressure) was negative in every patient before anesthesia. During induction of anesthesia, filtration presures became positive in half the patients. Observed changes in circulation may have been caused by hypercapnia alone or by a combination of hypercapnia and vescular reflexes associated with instrumentation during intubation. The increased strain on the heart during induction of anesthesia may lead to cardiac failure in patients with diminished cardiac reserve.
Postoperative ventilatory response to carbon dioxide following neurolept anaesthesia.
In order to investigate the duration of respiratory depression following neurolept anaesthesia, 21 patients who had hemilaminectomia performed were subjected to ventilation-carbon dioxide response tests by a rebreathing method in the post-operative period. Up to 3 1/2 h after start of anaesthesia all patients had a decreased ventilatory response to carbon dioxide. After this period some patients showed a normal respiratory response, while others remained depressed for up to 6 h, the period for which the investigation lasted. Most patients in the depressed group were premedicated with pethidine. We conclude that additional narcotics are contraindicated for a period of 3 1/2 h following the start of neurolept anaesthesia for surgical procedures lasting 1-2 h, while clinical control is still necessary before administration of additional narcotics within 6 h, especially if narcotics have been used as premedication.
Some experiences with automatic acid-base measurement in a department of anaesthesia.
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[Central alveolar hypoventilation].
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Nutritional effects on serum enzymes and other blood constituents in reindeer calves (Rangifer tarandus tarandus).
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Influence of hypoxia and hyperoxia on subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow in man.
Subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow (ATBF) was measured by the 133Xe washout method in normal men breathing oxygen at partial pressures from 0.1 to 2 atmospheres. Breathing oxygen at partial pressures of 0.1 and 1 atm. increased and reduced ATBF by 56% and 26%, respectively as compared to air breathing. These effects were highly significant. Breathing of oxygen at 2 atm. partial pressure had no consistent effect on ATBF, although considerable changes--positive or negative--could been seen in some experiments. Oxygen-breathing at 1 atm. partial pressure is associated with a slight hyperventilation and fall in PACO2. This was shown to be without importance for the effect of oxygen on adipose tissue blood flow.
The pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide in man following treatment with methotrexate.
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Blood magnesium and the renal magnesium threshold in lichen-fed and fasted reindeer.
In the blood plasma of lichen-fed reindeer the magnesium level was rather low (1.44 +/- 0.17 mg/100 ml) while the levels of calcium, phosphorus and glucose were normal. Fasting for 2--3 days provided no evidence of magnesium deficiency, leading to increments in blood and urinary magnesium. Simultaneous increments in urinary calcium indicated mobilization of bone minerals. The renal magnesium threshold appeared to be at about 1.8 mg of Mg/100 ml of plasma as in other species.