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Biomedical subjects

E Jakob

Publications and source records attributed to E Jakob.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Unaccustomed high mileage compared to intensity training-related neuromuscular excitability in distance runners.

The influence of a 4-week unaccustomed average 103% mileage increase (ITV, increase in training volume; n = 8; average baseline mileage 85.9 km.week-1, final mileage 174.6 km.week-1) on performance and neuromuscular excitability (NME) was tested in experienced distance runners and controlled 1 year later by a 4-week unaccustomed average 152% increase in tempo-pace and interval-runs (ITI, increase in training intensity; n = 9; baseline 9 km.week-1 final 22.7 km.week-1) with an average total mileage of 61.7 km.week-1 (week 1) to 84.7 km.week-1 (week 4). Seven athletes participated in ITV as (week 4). Seven athletes participated in ITV as well as in ITI. During incremental treadmill test performance at a lactate concentration of 2 mmol.1-1 (2 LP) increased, and at 4 mmol.1-1 (4 LP) performance did not change, whereas total running distance (TD) during the incremental test decreased in ITV compared to an increase in 2 LP, 4 LP and TD during ITI which may indicate that there was an ITV-related overtraining. The NME of the reference muscles vastus medialis and rectus femoris deteriorated in ITV (day 28 compared to 0) compared to constant values during ITI, reflecting an ITV-related overload of neuromuscular structures.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Automated determination of total nitrogen in milk by the Dumas method].

A nitrogen analyser based on the Dumas method (LECO FP-428) and equipped with a liquid injector has been tested. The intensive steam production during injection may result in poor nitrogen recoveries for volatile nitrogen compounds such as ethylene diamine. However, recoveries could be improved by slow injection and by filling the combustion tube with Cer(IV)-oxide. For the analysis of milk the instrument was calibrated with NaN3 solutions because their response was found to be less sensitive to burning conditions. Dumas-N and Kjeldahl-N of milk showed good correlation (r = 0.998). However, with the Dumas method about 6.7% (+ 0.035% N) higher nitrogen values were obtained. With a standard deviation of repeatability S(r) = 0.002% N (CVr = 0.33) and a between day reproducibility SD = 0.006% N (CVD = 1.1%) the precision of the Dumas method was similar to that reported for the Kjeldahl method. In order to avoid systematic errors the use of standard milk samples for calibration is recommended. It is concluded that modern instruments using the Dumas method allow precise measurements of nitrogen in milk with a high sample throughout.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Right-sided bacterial endocarditis due to Flavobacterium odoratum in a patient on chronic hemodialysis.

Bacterial endocarditis, particularly involving the left side, has been shown to occur in patients in regular hemodialysis. We report a case of right-sided endocarditis characterized by a very torpid evolution. Although the diagnosis was suspected early in the course, confirmation was obtained 2 months after the onset. Flavobacterium odoratum was identified in the fourth month of evolution and only after multiple blood cultures had been obtained. We believe the very low infectivity of F. odoratum and its very slow growth in culture media prevented an early diagnosis.

Endocarditis, Bacterial↗
PubMed1995

Rapid HPLC assay for the assessment of vitamin K1, A, E and beta-carotene status in children (7-19 years).

The method presented allows the determination of plasma concentrations of the fat soluble vitamins K1, A, E and beta-carotene. After the extraction of the plasma, the only clean-up step required consisted of washing the hexane-layer with a methanol/water mixture. The RP-HPLC system contained a zinc-filled reduction post-column and after chromatographic separation the vitamin K was detected by fluorescence. Only 0.5-1 ml plasma was required for this procedure. 2',3'-Dihydrophylloquinone was added as an internal standard. For phylloquinone the limit of detection was estimated at 0.09 nmol/l (0.04 ng/ml). Investigating a plasma pool with a mean concentration of 0.75 nmol phylloquinone/l plasma, the all-over coefficient of variation was 5.6% for within-day (n = 11) and 7.1% from day to day (n = 8). The rate of recovery was found to be in the range of 92-104% (the same pool as for the precision test was used, and the added amounts were 0.13, 0.5, 2.0 ng phylloquinone). From an aliquot of hexane-extract, the vitamins A, E and beta-carotene were separated by RP-HPLC. The concentrations of vitamins A, E and beta-carotene were measured on the UV and visible detector respectively. Coefficients of variation for all vitamins were < 10%. In a group of 7 to 19 year-old healthy children (n = 298), the concentrations of vitamins A, E, K1 and beta-carotene ranged from 0.34-2.10 mumol/l, 12.0-80.8 mumol/l, 0.09-2.22 nmol/l and 0.23-3.92 mumol/l respectively, and the medians were 1.02 mumol/l, 21.3 mumol/l, 0.49 nmol/l and 0.56 mumol/l respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Piperacillin/tazobactam in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections: an open non-comparative and multicentered trial. Latin American Clinical Research Group.

The aim of this study was to determine the clinical and bacteriological efficacy and safety of piperacillin-tazobactam (PT) (4g/500 mg IV tid) in the treatment of 107 adult patients with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) requiring hospitalization. Patients included were 66 men and 41 women with a mean age of 55.2 years (range 18-89), enrolled from Mexican (6) and Argentinean (5) hospitals. Ninety-nine clinically evaluable patients (92.5%), 87 with pneumonia and 12 with bronchitis, were treated for a mean period of 9.3 and 7.3 days, respectively. Response to treatment was favorable in 94.3% cases with pneumonia and 100% of cases with bronchitis; 86 cases (80.3%) were bacteriologically evaluable, 77 with pneumonia (eradication 74, persistence 1, superinfection 2), and 9 with bronchitis (eradication in all). Streptococcus pneumoniae was recovered in 24, Klebsiella pneumoniae in 21, Staphylococcus aureus in 8, Haemophilus influenzae in 7, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 5, Enterobacter spp. in 6, Escherichia coli in 6 and other organisms in 12. Toxicity or intolerance were not observed. Our data suggest that PT is a reliable therapy for severe LRTI.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Energy and nutritional intake in young weight lifters before and after nutritional counseling].

A well-balanced diet is an essential component for the development and maintenance of physical performance. Several studies on the dietary status of power athletes have shown, that there are still problems to realize the nutritional recommendations. The purpose of the present study was to analyse the energy- and nutrient intake of 11 young weight lifters aged 14 to 17 years before and after an intensive nutritional counselling (NC). Dietary status was evaluated by 7-day-protocols filled out by the young athletes 4 weeks before and 4 weeks after the NC. Before the NC the athletes (x: age 15, height 174 cm, weight 69.5 kg, BMI 22.2 kg/m2) had a mean energy intake of 179.7 kJ/kg body weight (11.2 MJ/day). The energy percentage of carbohydrate:fat:protein was 48:37:15. The protein consumption was 1.6 g/kg of body weight and the fluid intake was 1.7 l/day. The athletes did not meet the recommendation for niacin, folic acid, vitamin E, magnesium, calcium, iodine and zinc. After the NC the athletes had a significant higher energy percentage of carbohydrate and lower energy percentage of fat. In addition a significantly higher intake of fluid, dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals was observed. This study revealed that the young weight lifters without NC fall short of nutritional recommendations. With the intensive nutritional counselling an improvement of the nutrient intake could be reached. Additional nutritional counselling for the athletes and an intensive teamwork with the coach and parents of the athletes seem necessary to develop and stabilize a good nutritional behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Ski-flying: related catecholamine excretion compared with cross-country skiing.

We examined the catecholamine excretion and its performance-diagnostic relevance in athletes of the German National Team during ski-flying and cross-country skiing. Five athletes were examined during the 1986 World Championship ski-flying competition and eight athletes during a 24-km cross-country qualification test. There is little doubt that the special competitive conditions have considerable influence on the usefulness of these data. We decided to publish the results anyway since the results may expand our knowledge about the performance-diagnostic relevance of catecholamine excretion under competitive conditions. During cross-country skiing, the average noradrenaline elimination (1166 pmol.min-1) was about 150% higher and the average adrenaline elimination (243 pmol.min-1) about 30% lower than during ski-flying. The noradrenaline-adrenaline ratio was about 4.8 in cross-country skiing and 1.3-1.5 in ski-flying. Catecholamine excretion does, as expected, therefore permit differentiation of the various strains on the organism. The impression with respect to performance-diagnostic relevance arises that successful athletes show a more stable and lower excretion of noradrenaline under competitive conditions. This can only be a preliminary statement; it should serve to stimulate discussion and further investigations of the problem.

Catecholamines↗
PubMed1988

[The effect of temazepam on the functional capacity and metabolic and cardiocirculatory parameters in consideration of the "jet lag" syndrome].

In a double-blind placebo controlled study, 14 male healthy volunteers were examined the morning after they had received an evening dose of 20 mg temazepam (Planum) with regard to functional capacity, cardial, cardiovascular and respiratory regulation as well as neuromuscular excitability and metabolic changes. After being exposed to the bicycle ergometer load, oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide output, glucose and lactate concentration were determined; furthermore the neuromuscular excitability of the musculus vastus medialis, musculus rectus femoris and musculus quadrizeps femoris was estimated. Despite unimportant capacity reductions (p greater than 0.05) concerning the maximum capacity (2.2%) as well as the maximum oxygen uptake (4.3%) under treatment with temazepam, there could not be proved any significant changes regarding cardiopulmonary and metabolic functions. On eastern and western flights, top athletes showed a very fast adaptation to the day-night rhythm without hang-over.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Effect of vitamins and iron on performance and recovery in humans and in sports anemia].

In sports, vitamins along with minerals, particularly iron, and the energy nutrients such as carbohydrates, are considered especially important. Frequently single or multiple vitamins in combination with other active substances such as iron, other minerals or carbohydrates are administered. In sports, vitamins are added to carbohydrate mixtures or electrolytes enriched with vitamins are offered and frequently used. There is no doubt that due to the numerous effects of vitamins, a connection must exist between the vitamin status and athletic performance capability. It can be concluded that vitamin deficiencies have a negative effect on physical and mental performance. The release of energy can only attain its maximum output when the organism has the required substances at its disposal. Iron is of central importance among these active substances, since its presence in haemoglobin is essential for the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide, makes it possible for myoglobin to function as an oxygen supply depot and guarantees the functioning of internal respiration in the respiratory chain and various key enzymes. Muscle training increases not only the respiratory chain but also several other iron-rich enzymes. This makes even more astonishing the fact that a variety of recently published articles report on iron deficiency among athletes. The effect of the iron deficiency with anaemia (sports anaemia) is manifest in a reduction of aerobic capacity with an increase in lactate acidosis, greater fatigue, loss of appetite, muscular cramps and vasomotor disturbances.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1987

[Pyogenic hepatic abscess].

Ten patients, 6 men and 4 women, with a mean age of 53 years, having pyogenic liver abscess, were studied to review the principal features of the clinical and bacteriological diagnosis. In 9 cases the abscess was located in the right hepatic lobe. Bacteriological diagnosis was made in 6 cases: the etiology was nonmicrobian in 3 and two microorganisms were found in the other 3 cases. The isolated pathogens were: Escherichia coli (3 cases), Staphylococcus sp (3 cases), Enterobacter agglomerans (1 case), Citrobacter sp (1 case), Streptococcus sp (1 case). The basic clinical pattern included fever in 9 patients, pain in upper right side of the abdomen in 8, jaundice in 5 and respiratory symptoms in 5. In 2 cases the diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasonography, in 2 by scintigraphy and in 3 both methods were used. Surgical drainage was practiced in 7 patients, with favorable course in 6. Three patients were not operated; 2 died and the third was cured with medical treatment. The importance of the clinical suspicion even with few data is pointed out, specially prolonged fever with painful syndrome in upper right side of the abdomen. The aid of the diagnosis imaging is valuable for verification. The precise bacteriological diagnosis by culture of the material obtained in surgery or by percutaneous drainage of the abscess allows the selection of the most suitable antibiotic therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Free and conjugated plasma catecholamines, lactate behavior and oxygen uptake at rest and in staged physical exertion as well as alpha receptor density in intact thrombocytes in trained athletes].

The influence of chronic static training on free and conjugated plasma catecholamines was investigated in 8 statically trained athletes (21 +/- 2 years of age) at rest and during incremental ergometric cycling. Plasma catecholamines are seen as biochemical indicators of the over-all sympathetic activity. Alpha-2-adrenoreceptors were additionally determined as one parameter of the organism's sensitivity to catecholamines. During modest and heavy exercise, free plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline are comparably low in statically and endurance trained athletes. They are lower than in untrained subjects. During exhaustion, however, free adrenaline responses of the statically trained athletes only amount to 30-50% of the concentrations observed in endurance trained athletes and untrained subjects. Free plasma dopamine and conjugated plasma catecholamines do not show any significant changes during ergometric exercise. Free and conjugated catecholamines correlate positively. Positive correlations are also observed between blood pressure and plasma catecholamines. These correlations however are clearer between conjugated catecholamines and blood pressure. This is also recognizable for the negative correlation between alpha-2-receptor density on intact platelets (1078 +/- 323 binding sites per cell) and conjugated catecholamines. In conclusion, statically trained athletes also show an alteration of sympathetic tone (catecholamines) comparable to that observed in endurance trained athletes. Maximal adrenaline responses however are lower in statically trained athletes than in endurance trained or untrained subjects. The alpha-adrenoreceptor density on intact thrombocytes seems to be increased in statically trained athletes.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Is the alpha adrenergic receptor density increased in intact thrombocytes in non-isometric trained athletes?].

Alpha-adrenoreceptors were determined as an equivalent to 3H-dihydroergocryptine (DHE) specifically bound on intact thrombocytes in five untrained volunteers (I), eight non-staticly trained sportsmen (II), and eight intensively staticly trained athletes (III). Bmax was 933 +/- 363 (I), 982 +/- 373 (II), and 1796 +/- 539 fmol DHE X 10(-9) thrombocytes (III). KD was 1.28 +/- 0.49 (I), 2.94 +/- 1.12 (II), and 3.58 +/- 1.07 nmol X l-1 (III). The number of binding sites per cell amounted to 561 +/- 202 (I), 589 +/- 224 (II), and 1078 +/- 323 (III). The thrombocytes of the staticly trained athletes showed a significantly higher number of binding sites and a slightly higher affinity (KD) than the other groups (p less than 0.01). However, a wide range of overlapping has to be considered. The biologic significance of these results and their transferability to other organs are open at present. It is the question whether an altered adrenoreceptor density may be one factor of a higher prevalence of hypertension in staticly trained athletes on which our research group has reported recently.

Blood Platelets↗