PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E Jantzen

Publications and source records attributed to E Jantzen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Characterization of a distinct group of slowly growing mycobacteria by biochemical tests and lipid analyses.

A group of slowly growing mycobacterial strains (n = 14) isolated from respiratory tract specimens was collected from 1971 to 1990 on the basis of growth characteristics and uncommon biochemical and glycolipid profiles. Growth at 25 to 45 degrees C, a negative Tween 80 hydrolysis test, a strong positive reaction in a 14-day arylsulfatase test, and susceptibility to ethambutol in combination with resistance to cycloserine were important for the initial separation. The strains had a distinctive glycolipid pattern which was unlike those of other mycobacterial species. Analyses of cellular fatty acids by gas-liquid chromatography and mycolic acids by thin-layer chromatography further characterized this homogeneous group of mycobacteria. The presence of 2-eicosanol (2-OH-20:0alc) and hexacosanoic acid (26:0) combined with the lack of 2-docosanol (2-OH-22:0alc) differentiated this group from other slowly growing mycobacteria.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1992

Meningococcal endotoxin in lethal septic shock plasma studied by gas chromatography, mass-spectrometry, ultracentrifugation, and electron microscopy.

We have compared gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis with the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay to quantify native meningococcal lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in five patient plasmas containing greater than 5 micrograms/liter by LAL. 3-Hydroxy lauric acid (3-OH-12:0) was used as a specific lipid A marker of neisserial LPS. The quantitative LAL results were confirmed by GC-MS (r = 0.98, P = 0.006). Seven patient plasmas were centrifuged at 103,000 g and the sedimentation behavior of native LPS compared with reference plasma proteins and with apo A1 and apo B100 representing high and low density lipoproteins. After 15 min of centrifugation, 84 +/- 2% (mean +/- SE) of the recovered LPS were found in the lower one-third of the centrifuged volume, whereas 6 +/- 1% remained in the upper one-third volume, indicating that meningococcal endotoxin circulates as complexes with high sedimentation coefficients. Bacterial outer membrane fragments were detected in the bottom fractions of three patient plasmas examined by means of electron microscopy. In three patient plasmas ultracentrifuged for 60 min at 103,000 g, the levels of apo A1 and apo B100 revealed minor changes, whereas only 1 +/- 1% of the recovered LPS remained in the upper one-third and 91 +/- 2% were found in the lower one-third volume. Few bioreactive LPS appear to be complexed with high and low density lipoproteins in meningococcal septic shock plasma.

Endotoxins↗
PubMed1991

Chemotypes of Mycobacterium malmoense based on glycolipid profiles.

Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of 72 Finnish clinical mycobacterial isolates presumptively identified as Mycobacterium malmoense revealed four major glycolipid profiles with two minor variations. An additional glycolipid profile was found in three British M. malmoense-like strains. No clear distinction between the strains could be made by means of gas chromatography of cellular fatty acids. The two M. malmoense-specific constituents, 2-methyleicosanoate and 2,4,6-trimethyltetracosanoate, were detected in all strains. The frequency of chemotypes other than that of the type strain was 8% among the Finnish isolates. This variation should be recognized when confirmative identification of mycobacteria is based on thin-layer chromatography of glycolipid extracts.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed1990

Acidovorax, a new genus for Pseudomonas facilis, Pseudomonas delafieldii, E. Falsen (EF) group 13, EF group 16, and several clinical isolates, with the species Acidovorax facilis comb. nov., Acidovorax delafieldii comb. nov., and Acidovorax temperans sp. nov.

Pseudomonas facilis and Pseudomonas delafieldii are inappropriately assigned to the genus Pseudomonas. They belong to the acidovorans rRNA complex in rRNA superfamily III (i.e., the beta subclass of the Proteobacteria). The taxonomic relationships of both of these species, two groups of clinical isolates (E. Falsen [EF] group 13 and EF group 16), and several unidentified or presently misnamed strains were examined by using DNA:rRNA hybridization, numerical analyses of biochemical and auxanographic features and of fatty acid patterns, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cellular proteins, and DNA:DNA hybridization. These organisms form a separate group within the acidovorans rRNA complex, and we propose to transfer them to a new genus, Acidovorax. We describe the following three species in this genus: the type species, Acidovorax facilis (formerly Pseudomonas facilis), with type strain LMG 2193 (= CCUG 2113 = ATCC 11228); Acidovorax delafieldii (for the former Pseudomonas delafieldii and most of the EF group 13 strains), with type strain LMG 5943 (= CCUG 1779 = ATCC 17505); and Acidovorax temperans (for several former Pseudomonas and Alcaligenes strains and most of the EF group 16 strains), with type strain CCUG 11779 (= LMG 7169).

Base Composition↗
PubMed1989

Gas chromatographic determination of (phosphorylated) 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid, heptoses and glucosamine in bacterial lipopolysaccharides after treatment with hydrofluoric acid, methanolysis and trifluoroacetylation.

Quantification of phosphorylated sugar constituents of lipopolysaccharides has been performed by the following sequence: dephosphorylation by treatment with hydrofluoric acid, cleavage to monomeric constituents by methanolysis and analysis of the released sugars by capillary gas chromatography. Lipopolysaccharides of Salmonella minnesota Rd1P+, Bordetella pertussis NIH 114 and Vibrio cholerae, NAG and 95R strains, were used as model substances. Comparison of the chromatographic data obtained from hydrofluoric acid-treated and untreated lipopolysaccharide preparations indicated that all lipopolysaccharides examined contained one moiety of glucosamine bound to phosphate in a stable linkage. 2-Keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid appeared phosphorylated to a variable extent. Lipopolysaccharides of the two V. cholerae strains contained one moiety of fully phosphorylated 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid, whereas in that of S. minnesota Rd1P+ only one of the three moieties was phosphorylated. Lipopolysaccharide of B. pertussis had one moiety of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid, ca. 70% phosphorylated. All four of the preparations examined contained L-glycero-D-manno-heptose in amounts varying from 2.6 to 5.2 moieties. In the lipopolysaccharides of B. pertussis and strain 95R of V. cholerae this sugar was unphosphorylated, whereas the two remaining strains contained one phosphorylated moiety of this sugar. Phosphorylated lipopolysaccharide constituents can be analysed by this approach on a 50-100 micrograms scale.

Bordetella pertussis↗
PubMed1989

Chemical composition of a lipopolysaccharide from Legionella pneumophila.

Lipopolysaccharide isolated from Legionella pneumophila (Phil. 1) was examined for chemical composition. The polysaccharide split off by mild acid hydrolysis contained rhamnose, mannose, glucose, quinovosamine, glucosamine and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate, in molar proportions 1.6:1.8:1.0:1.5:4.1:2.7. Heptoses were absent and glucose was probably mainly phosphorylated. The carbohydrate backbone of the lipid A part consisted of glucosamine, quinovosamine and glycerol, in the molar ratios 3.9:1.0:3.4, with glycerol as a phosphorylated moiety. A complex fatty acid substitution pattern comprising eight O-ester-linked, exclusively nonhydroxylated acids, and nineteen amide-linked, exclusively 3-hydroxylated acids was revealed. Both straight- and branched (iso and anteiso) carbon chains occurred. The major hydroxy fatty acid was 3-hydroxy-12-methyltridecanoic acid and six others were of a chain-length above 20 carbon atoms, with 3-hydroxy-20-methyldocosanoic acid as the longest. Two dihydroxy fatty acids, 2,3-dihydroxy-12-methyltridecanoic and 2,3-dihydroxytetradecanoic acids, were also detected. These results suggest that L. pneumophila contains a rather complex and unusual lipopolysaccharide structure of considerable biological and chemotaxonomic interest.

Carbohydrates↗
PubMed1989

Gas chromatography of mycobacterial fatty acids and alcohols: diagnostic applications.

Capillary gas chromatography of cellular fatty acids and alcohols has been used as a routine method for a period of two years in the mycobacterial diagnostic laboratory of Statens institutt for folkehelse, Oslo, Norway. All mycobacteria (165 isolates) other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MOTT) and 24 randomly selected M. tuberculosis isolates were studied. Twelve characteristic lipid constituents allowed the construction of a diagnostic scheme. Without exceptions, all 36 examined isolates belonging to the M. tuberculosis-complex were characterized by a relatively high concentration level of hexacosanoic acid (mean: 4%, range: 1-13%), low level of tetracosanoic acid (mean: 1%, range: 0.1-3%), lack of methylbranched acids other than tuberculostearic acid, and lack of fatty alcohols. Members of the MAIS-complex (73 isolates) were all characterized by the general presence of the fatty alcohols 2-octadecanol (mean: 2%, range: 0.1-5%) and 2-eicosanol (mean: 7%, range: 2-21%), relatively high levels of tetracosanoic acid (mean: 5%, range: 1-15%) and lack (or trace) of hexacosanoic acid and methylbranched acids other than tuberculostearic acid. All 16 isolates of M. gordonae were easily recognized by their unique lack of tuberculostearic acid and their content of 2-methyl-tetradecanoic acid (mean: 5%, range: 2-12%), and the M. xenopi isolates were the only examined strains containing the fatty alcohol 2-docosanol (mean: 9%, range: 2-13%). The six M. malmoense strains contained the two unique constituents 2-methyl eicosanoic acid (mean: 3%, range: 1-4%) and 2,4,6-trimethyl tetracosanoic acid (mean: 3%, range: 2-4%). The ten strains of M. kansasii were characterized by 2,4-dimethyl tetradecanoic acid (mean: 5%, range: 1-11%), whereas the seven strains of M. marinum shared 2,4-dimethyl hexadecanoic acid (mean: 4%, range 0.2-12%) as a specific marker.

Alcohols↗
PubMed1988

Campylobacter pylori infection and its relation to chronic gastritis. An endoscopic, bacteriologic, and histomorphologic study.

Campylobacter pylori was isolated from 27 of 61 gastric antral biopsy specimens and from 8 of 61 duodenal biopsy specimens. A significant correlation between the occurrence of C. pylori and chronic active gastritis was demonstrated. However, the presence of the bacterium on normal mucosa weakens the theory of C. pylori as a primary causal organism. There was a significant correlation between isolation of C. pylori and erosive lesions in the antral mucosa as diagnosed by endoscopy. No correlation was found between endoscopic findings and histologically verified chronic active gastritis. The microbiologic examinations in this study showed a high degree of homogeneity between the isolated strains of C. pylori. A 3-OH-octadecanoic acid of the bacterial cell wall seemed to be specific for this organism and was identified in all our isolates and in the type strain of C. pylori. We therefore conclude that all Campylobacter-like organisms isolated in this study belonged to one taxonomic unit.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Characterization of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis by DNA-DNA hybridization and cellular fatty acid analysis.

The DNA-DNA homologies obtained were more than 90 per cent for all strains examined, including the reference strains of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium. Consequently, in a genetic sense, M. paratuberculosis with its variants belong to a single species which should be considered a subspecies of M. avium. The same reference strains of M. paratuberculosis and M. avium showed small but distinct differences in the cellular fatty acid patterns. The Norwegian goat isolate proved to be M. paratuberculosis, while the three sheep isolates from Iceland and the Faroe Islands showed a typical M. avium pattern.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Quantification of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate in (lipo)polysaccharides by methanolytic release, trifluoroacetylation and capillary gas chromatography.

Several conditions of acidic anhydrous methanolysis were examined to optimize the release and minimize the degradation of unphosphorylated 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octonic acid (KDO) from bacterial lipopolysaccharides and polysaccharides. The reaction was monitored by capillary gas chromatography after derivatization by trifluoroacetic anhydride. The best results were obtained by use of 2 M hydrochloric acid at 60 degrees C for 2 h. Under these conditions a single KDO component appeared, and KDO was quantitatively released from all model compounds except when glycosidically linked to hexosamines. For quantitative cleavage of this linkage a reaction time of 6 h was required at 60 degrees C, giving rise to 5-10% of secondary KDO products. The KDO detection limit was about 250 pmol (50 ng) and the molar response was the same as for glucose. The KDO derivative gave a mass spectrometric fragmentation pattern consistent with a pyranosidic methylketoside methyl ester structure. Differentiation of KDO linkage types could be obtained by determination of the rates of KDO release by mild methanolysis.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1985

Gas chromatographic fatty acid profiles for characterisation of mycobacteria: an interlaboratory methodological evaluation.

Three species of mycobacteria were cultured and processed for cellular fatty acid analysis by capillary gas chromatography in three laboratories to study interlaboratory variations of the resulting chromatographic profiles. Largely consistent and characteristic fatty acid profiles were obtained, although there were minor quantitative variations in the patterns due to methodological differences (cultivation, hydrolysis, derivatization, gas chromatographic conditions etc.). The following points were important for achieving informative and reproducible results. A chemically defined growth medium (e.g., Proskauer-Beck) provides more consistent profiles than the lipid-rich Löwenstein-Jensen medium. Harvesting directly into the digesting solution (NaOH or HCl in methanol) followed by heating or autoclaving is a simple and reliable way of releasing fatty acids. Care should be taken to ensure reproducible detection of long-chain alcohols either by using acid methanolysis or including a base-wash step in the procedure following alkaline hydrolysis. The temperature of the gas chromatographic injector should be at least 325 degrees C. A capillary column of a minimum length of 10 m coated with a methyl silicone is adequate. Our results indicate the possibility of recommending a practical and reproducible gas chromatographic procedure for mycobacterial characterisation.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1985

Fatty acid composition of oral isolates of Selenomonas.

Fatty acids of 16 strains of Selenomonas isolated from the human oral cavity were examined by gas-liquid chromatography. The strains showed similar patterns, characterized by the presence of straight-chain fatty acids in the range C11 to C18. Fatty acids of odd-numbered carbon atoms dominated and the major acids were n-pentadecanoate and 3-hydroxytridecanoate. The general fatty acid pattern of Selenomonas differed distinctly from those of other previously analysed anaerobic or microaerophilic Gram-negative bacilli.

Bacteroidaceae↗
PubMed1985

Further characterization including preliminary chemical analysis of antigen MLW1 from Mycobacterium leprae.

MLW1, an antigen preparation from Mycobacterium leprae previously shown to have a high content of M. leprae antigen No. 7 (ML7), was found to contain the typical cell wall constituents arabinose, galactose and mannose. The fatty acid composition of MLW1 was largely comparable to that of undisrupted cells. The capacity of MLW1 to stimulate lymphocytes was further studied. Good correlation was obtained between the in vitro lymphocyte responses to MLW1 and human-derived M. leprae, indicating similar specificity of the two antigen preparations in this test. The stimulatory activity of MLW1 was not significantly influenced by batch to batch variations, was well-preserved during storage and most of it was heat-stable. Attempts to remove the ML7 antigen indicate that this component plays a dominant role in inducing in vitro lymphocyte stimulation.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1983

Interactions of purified human ceruloplasmin with Lathyrus odoratus, Lens culinaris and Canavalia ensiformis lectins.

Human ceruloplasmin was isolated from normal serum by fractional polyethylene glycol precipitation and subsequent ion exchange chromatography. The molecular mass determined by ultracentrifugation was 132 kDa and an optical density ratio (A610/A280) of 0.046 was observed in the preparation. Immunoelectrophoresis, agarose-gel electrophoresis and N-terminal amino-acid sequence analyses showed that the ceruloplasmin preparation was highly purified, while dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis indicated some degradation of the protein. Affinity chromatography showed that only a fraction of ceruloplasmin was bound to Lens culinaris or Lathyrus odoratus lectin-Sepharose, whereas nearly all the protein was bound to Canavalia ensiformis lectin-Sepharose. The carbohydrate composition of the ceruloplasmin fractions was analysed. It is suggested that fucose might be a determinant for the microheterogeneity in the carbohydrate chains of ceruloplasmin.

Amino Acid Sequence↗