Biomedical subjects

E Jaros

Publications and source records attributed to E Jaros.

57 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Atypical axon-Schwann cell relationships in the common peroneal nerve of the dystrophic mouse: an ultrastructural study.

Several atypical features of myelination of the peripheral nervous system are reported in common peroneal nerve of dystrophic mice (129 Re J dy/dy): (i) central nervous system-like contact between myelin sheaths of adjacent nerve fibres; (ii) nodes and internodes of myelinated fibres enwrapped with cytoplasmic processes of Schwann cells from adjacent nerve fibres; (iii) Schwann cells of adjacent nerve fibres co-operating in formation of a single myelin sheath; and (iv) a single Schwann cell myelinating two separate axons. In view of the presence of similar features of myelination in the central nervous system, where the myelin producing cells lack basement membrane, we suggest that in the dystrophic peripheral nerves the development of these features can be attributed to the partial deficiency of the Schwann cell basement membrane. Two types of widened nodes of Ranvier are also identified: (i) nodes with paranodal damage; and (ii) nodes without paranodal damage. In addition, abnormal features of myelination are described which are likely to represent altered Schwann cell/axon relationships during demyelination and remyelination and/or decreased myelinating ability of Schwann cells. We interpret these findings as indicating a metabolic disorder of Schwann cells. They provide an experimental model for the investigation of factors involved in the origin and maintenance of the structural organization of peripheral nerve.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Neuropathological substrates of dementia and depression in vascular dementia, with a particular focus on cases with small infarct volumes.

The neuropathological substrates of dementia and depression were evaluated in 30 patients with cerebrovascular disease and significant cognitive impairment (VaD), with a particular focus on patients with small infarct volumes (<15 ml). VaD patients with small infarct volumes had a similar degree of cognitive impairment to those with larger infarct volumes (>15 ml) but were significantly more likely to be depressed and to have areas of microinfarction. A review of individual cases with small infarct volumes suggested that the combination of microinfarction, diffuse white matter disease and perivascular changes, or the overlap of neurodegenerative pathologies and microvascular changes were particularly important. Microinfarction was also significantly associated with major depression.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical presentations in monozygotic twins with dementia with Lewy bodies.

BACKGROUND: Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is widely recognized as the second most common neurodegenerative cause of dementia in patients over the age of 65. The clinical distinction between DLB and Alzheimers's disease (AD) can be difficult due to the significant clinical overlap between the two disorders. Although the specificity of current consensus criteria is high, the sensitivity of case detection is lower and more variable. In some cases, the diagnosis is only made at postmortem examination. CASE REPORT: Monozygotic twins with the neuropathological diagnosis of Lewy body disease are presented in this report. Despite a very similar presentation and a comparable course of illness, the twins received different clinical diagnoses during life, one DLB and the other AD. This highlights the difficulty of making a clinical diagnosis of DLB, which very much depends on recognizing the features of fluctuation in level of awareness, hallucinations, delusions and the occurrence of falls, and the interpretation of the importance of these signs and symptoms. Pathological examination was virtually identical for the two cases showing the classic neuropathological features of Lewy Body disease.

Journal Article↗