PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E Jokinen

Publications and source records attributed to E Jokinen.

48 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Effect of weaning on serum lipoprotein(a) concentration: the STRIP baby study.

Risk for coronary heart disease is increased in adult Caucasians with high serum lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] concentration. In adults the concentration is mainly regulated by genetic factors. Our previous study suggests that breast milk has a beneficial effect on serum Lp(a) concentration in infants. Now we analyzed the influence of weaning by measuring serum Lp(a) and cholesterol in 414 infants at 7, 13, 24, and 36 mo of age. At 7 mo the infants received, in addition to solid food, only breast milk (n = 148), breast milk and formula (n = 74), or formula only (n = 191). Median (range) serum Lp(a) concentrations were then 25 (< or = 12-743) mg/L, 35 (< or = 12-1188) mg/L, and 45 (< or = 12-577) mg/L in the three feeding groups, respectively (p = 0.0013). Breast milk and formula were changed to cow's milk in all infants before 12 mo of age. At 13 mo serum Lp(a) concentration had increased more in infants who were weaned from breast milk than in those who had been fed both breast milk and formula, or formula only (median increases 37, 26, and 20 mg/L, respectively; p = 0.0062). Thus the serum Lp(a) concentration was similar in all feeding groups at 13 mo. This finding was also observed at 24 and 36 mo. The increase in serum Lp(a) concentration was independent of the baseline Lp(a) level, apolipoprotein E phenotype, gender, and weight gain of the infants between 7 and 13 mo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Individualized dietary counselling of families: serum cholesterol concentration and growth of children aged 7-13 months.

We studied the effect of a change in dietary fat composition on serum total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and growth in healthy infants between 7 and 13 months of age. The intervention families (n = 22) received individualized dietary counselling when the infant was 7, 8 and 10 months of age. The intervention diet was designed to have a fat content of 35-45 E% of total energy intake in infants aged 7-12 months and 30-35 E% after 12 months of age. The ratio of saturated to monounsaturated to polyunsaturated fatty acids was designed to be 1:1:1. The children in the control group (n = 23) were given no specific advice on the fat composition of the diet. Intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the controls (5.9 E% versus 3.6 E%, p < 0.05). Serum total cholesterol concentration decreased significantly in the intervention group during the study from 4.16 +/- 0.41 mmol/l to 3.86 +/- 0.48 mmol/l (p < 0.05). The infants of both groups grew like average Finnish children. Modification of dietary fat composition, as widely recommended for adults and older children to prevent coronary heart disease, decreases cholesterol values in infants without affecting their normal growth.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1994

Cholesterol measurement by reflotron dry chemistry in infants, children and adults.

Cholesterol values measured with the Reflotron dry chemistry (Boehringer Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany) and enzymatic (CHOD-PAP) routine method in 4150 venous blood samples from 580 infants aged 7 months, 1778 children aged 13 months to 19 years, and 1792 adults aged 18-63 years showed good correlation between the two assay systems (r > 0.92). However, the mean cholesterol concentrations were 4.5%, 3.7% and 2.3% lower in infants, children and adults, respectively, if measured with the Reflotron analyser as compared with values obtained with the CHOD-PAP method. These differences in the values were greater when cholesterol values were low (significance for the slope of regression line, p < 0.001). Values were below the detection limit of the Reflotron assay (2.59 mmol l-1) in 104 (4.4%) and 4 (0.2%) of all paediatric and adult samples, respectively. When measured with the CHOD-PAP method, 75 (72%) and 3 (75%) of these same samples showed values which exceeded the 2.59 mmol l-1 detection limit. We conclude that Reflotron dry chemistry analyser is precise in fast measurement of serum cholesterol both in all paediatric subjects and adults. A particular problem in paediatric age groups is that about 4% of children have values below the detection limit of the Reflotron analyser.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Children in sauna: electrocardiographic abnormalities.

We studied changes in ECG in 81 children and 20 adolescents and young adults when they were exposed to heat stress in a climatic chamber, which resembled an ordinary Finnish sauna. Changes were similar to those caused by increased sympathetic activity in 57% of the subjects during the bath and in 23% during the recovery period. Three children had extrasystoles during and four after sauna. One previously healthy 5-year-old girl with wandering pacemaker suffered a 3.3 sec sinus arrest and had reversible junctional rhythm during the heat exposure. We conclude that, although these changes were transient and benign, the sinus arrest suggest that heat stress in sauna is considerable and may be risky for those children who have disorders of the sinoatrial node.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Children in sauna: hormonal adjustments to intensive short thermal stress.

Hormonal response to Finnish sauna bath was investigated in 20 prepubertal children (age 5-10 years). Blood leukocyte count, plasma potassium, serum aldosterone, growth hormone and prolactin concentrations increased; plasma volume, plasma sodium, catecholamines, serum antidiuretic hormone, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), cortisol, and thyrotropin concentrations remained unchanged during sauna bath. One hour after sauna, serum thyrotropin, atrial natriuretic peptide and blood glucose concentrations decreased, whereas the rest of the hormones remained unchanged. Our results implicate that maintenance of homeothermia resulted in moderate hormonal changes in children during Finnish sauna bath which indicate similar adequate hormonal thermoregulatory adjustment as previously documented in adults.

Catecholamines↗
PubMed1990

Children in sauna: cardiovascular adjustment.

Children's circulatory adjustment to a 10-minute heat stress in a climatic chamber was studied in 61 children and 20 adolescents and young adults. The thermal conditions corresponded to those of an ordinary Finnish sauna bath. In all subjects the rectal temperature and heart rate increased during the heat exposure (P less than .001). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures remained unchanged in sauna, but the systolic and especially the diastolic blood pressure decreased (P less than .001) in children less than 10 years of age immediately after the heat exposure; two vasovagal collapses developed. Cardiac output increased in all but the less than 5-year-old children (P less than .001). This was due to a significant decrease in stroke volume (32.9%) (P less than .001) in children less than 5 years old. Stroke volume declined slightly even in the older subjects. These changes indicate that the Finnish sauna bath puts great demands on a child's circulatory regulation. To avoid possible cardiovascular side effects, particularly small children should be supervised carefully during sauna bathing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The sauna and children.

In Finland sauna bathing by infants and children is guided by an empirically acquired parental understanding of the limits of safe heat "exposure". Finnish children are rarely allowed into a sauna alone before they are 7 years old. Finnish parents observe the post sauna bathing behaviour of their children, and this helps them to establish safe limits of exposure and avoid any adaptation problems. The after effects of sauna bathing of children reported in this study are substantial enough to warrant clinical paediatric involvement in unravelling the relation between the psychosomatic symptoms reported by children and their exposure to the raised temperature. There is also the need, even in Finland, of investigating the sauna bathing of children to establish objective criteria for promoting safe sauna bathing habits. Sauna bathing is a centuries old family tradition in Finland. There are 1.4 million saunas in a country with population of some 4.8 million people. Most families either have their own sauna or one close to where they live. In addition, Finnish children have access to sauna facilities at local sporting, recreation and swimming centres. Sauna bathing often takes place in connection with physical education (PE) lessons or sporting club activities for those over the age of 7 years. The average Finnish family takes a sauna bath once a week, and Finnish children are introduced to sauna bathing in early infancy. Although exposure to the raised temperatures normally encountered in a sauna can cause thermoregulatory imbalances in children there are no established guidelines for the safe use of saunas by infants and children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Immunological studies on serpiginous choroiditis.

Immunological studies on 15 patients with serpiginous choroiditis gave no definite indications of the aetiology of the choroidal vascular lesion which appears to be the initial failure in this disorder. On the basis of the patients' history, recurrencies, and clinical and fluorescein angiographic features, it was suspected that the disorder was of inflammatory origin, probably vasculitis due to an abnormal immune response. To some extent this was supported by the laboratory findings. Of the histocompatibility antigens, HLA-B7 was found more frequently than expected in a Finnish population (54.5% versus 24.3%; P less than 0.05). Increased levels of antibacterial antibodies, ASO or ASTA, were found in eight patients and antiviral (herpes simplex) antibodies in two. One patient had earlier been treated due to positive syphilis serology, and one had an increased serum level of IgM as well as positive latex reaction in a dilution of 1:16. The serum concentration of complement component C3 was slightly decreased in three of the six patients studied and at the lower limit of the normal range in one. No manifestations suggesting systemic disease were found.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neurological development of 5-year-old children receiving a low-saturated fat, low-cholesterol diet since infancy: A randomized controlled trial.

CONTEXT: Early childhood introduction of nutritional habits aimed at atherosclerosis prevention is compatible with normal growth, but its effect on neurological development is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To analyze how parental counseling aimed at keeping children's diets low in saturated fat and cholesterol influences neurodevelopment during the first 5 years of life. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial conducted between February 1990 and November 1996. SETTING: Outpatient clinic of a university department in Turku, Finland. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1062 seven-month-old infants and their parents, recruited at well-baby clinics between 1990 and 1992. At age 5 years, 496 children still living in the city of Turku were available to participate in neurodevelopmental testing. INTERVENTION: Participants were randomly assigned to receive individualized counseling aimed at limiting the child's fat intake to 30% to 35% of daily energy, with a saturated:monounsaturated:polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio of 1:1:1 and a cholesterol intake of less than 200 mg/d (n = 540) or usual health education (control group, n = 522). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Nutrient intake, serum lipid concentrations, and neurological development at 5 years, among children in the intervention vs control groups. RESULTS: Absolute and relative intakes of fat, saturated fatty acids, and cholesterol among children in the intervention group were markedly less than the respective values of control children. Mean (SD) percentages of daily energy at age 5 years for the intervention vs control groups were as follows: for total fat, 30.6% (4.5%) vs 33.4% (4.4%) (P<. 001); and for saturated fat, 11.7% (2.3%) vs 14.5% (2.4%) (P<.001). Mean intakes of cholesterol were 164.2 mg (60.1 mg) and 192.5 mg (71. 9 mg) (P<.001) for the intervention and control groups, respectively. Serum cholesterol concentrations were continuously 3% to 5% lower in children in the intervention group than in children in the control group. At age 5 years, mean (SD) serum cholesterol concentration of the intervention group was 4.27 (0.63) mmol/L (165 [24] mg/dL) and of the control group, 4.41 (0.74) mmol/L (170 [29] mg/dL) (P =.04). Neurological development of children in the intervention group was at least as good as that of children in the control group. Relative risks for children in the intervention group to fail tests of speech and language skills, gross motor functioning plus perception, and visual motor skills were 0.95 (90% confidence interval [CI], 0.60-1.49), 0.95 (90% CI, 0.58-1.55), and 0.65 (90% CI, 0.39-1.08), respectively (P =.85,.86, and.16, respectively, vs control children). CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that repeated child-targeted dietary counseling of parents during the first 5 years of a child's life lessens age-associated increases in children's serum cholesterol and is compatible with normal neurological development. JAMA. 2000;284:993-1000

Child Development↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Normal mitral and aortic valve areas assessed by three- and two-dimensional echocardiography in 168 children and young adults.

Our purpose was to investigate the effects of body size on the sizes of mitral (MV) and aortic valve (AV) areas by three-dimensional (3-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) echocardiography and to create the normal values for 3-D echocardiography. A total of 168 healthy subjects aged 2-27 years were studied by digitized 3-DE, 2-DE, and Doppler echocardiography.3-D echocardiography was performed by using rotational acquisition of planes at 18 degrees intervals from a parasternal view with electrocardiogram gating and without respiratory gating. The annular levels of MV and AV were identified from short-axis cut planes and their areas were measured by planimetry. The diameters of mitral annulus, left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), and aortic annulus were measured by 2-DE from the apical and parasternal long-axis views. Flow indices were measured by Doppler from MV inflow and the flow in LVOT and in the ascending aorta. Both MV and AV annular areas increased linearly in relation to body size. In the total study group the estimated areas for MV were 5.2 +/- 0.9 cm2/m2 by 3-DE, 3.7 +/- 0.5 cm2/m2 by 2-DE, and 2.0 +/- 0.4 cm2/m2 by continuity equation. The respective values for AV were 2.7 +/- 0.5, 2.1 +/- 0.3, and 1.8 +/- 0.4 cm2/m2. MV velocity time integral (VTI)/ascending aorta VTI increased from 0.80 (0.26) to 0.95 (0.23) with increased body surface area (BSA), whereas MV VTI/LVOT VTI was 1.2 (0.2) in all BSA groups. MV and AV annulus areas increase linearly in relation to body size. 3-DE gives greater estimates for the areas than 2-DE and Doppler equation methods. The data obtained from 168 healthy subjects may serve as a reference for clinical use in patients with various cardiac abnormalities.

Adolescent↗