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Biomedical subjects

E Jonsson

Publications and source records attributed to E Jonsson.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

A coaxial microwave applicator for transurethral hyperthermia of the prostate.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease of elderly men. The current definitive treatment for urinary obstruction caused by this disease is surgery (transurethral resection of the prostate, or TURP). Recent evidence suggests that hyperthermia may be a useful nonsurgical alternative for treatment of symptomatic BPH. A transurethral microwave applicator has been designed around a Foley catheter for delivery of local hyperthermia to the prostate. The Foley balloon is used to maintain the antenna position within the prostatic urethra. The Foley catheter also features an antenna choke to confine power deposition to the intended region. The antenna is a coaxial dipole designed to operate at 915 MHz. Qualitative and quantitative specific absorption rate (SAR) patterns are shown for this antenna. In vivo experiments in dog prostate demonstrate that temperatures > 42 degrees C can be obtained > 1 cm away from the catheter, while maintaining a maximum urethral temperature of 47 degrees C to 48 degrees C. Histology obtained acutely after the hyperthermia treatments showed minimal damage to the periurethral tissues. We conclude from these studies that this microwave applicator is capable of providing local hyperthermia to the prostatic tissues with a predictable and well-circumscribed thermal distribution.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Implications of minimally invasive therapy.

The field of minimally invasive therapy (MIT) raises many important issues for the future of health care. It seems inevitable that MIT will replace much conventional surgery. This trend is good for society and good for patients. The health care system, however, may find the change disruptive. The need for hospital beds will shrink. Day surgery and community care will grow. Physicians will have to have special training in doing the new procedures. New organizational forms of care will evolve. Quality assurance procedures will be needed to assure that out-of-hospital care is safe and effective. One negative consequence of MIT is that the indications broaden, so that many 'preventive' procedures may be carried out. Societies are doing little to face up to these changes. The potential of MIT could be enhanced by active policy interventions, including evaluation and attention to the organization and financing of health care.

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1993

Porosity of bone cement reduced by mixing and collecting under vacuum.

Palacos R bone cement was mixed in a commercial vacuum mixing system (MITAB), and in an experimental system allowing evacuating air from the powder before mixing and collecting the cement under partial vacuum. The effect on the porosity of mixing at different pressure levels was tested. The effect of evacuating air from the powder before mixing was also analyzed. The numbers and sizes of the voids in the cement samples were measured in radiographs and under the microscope. Also, the density of the cement was measured. Vacuum mixed samples had a substantial reduction of voids, as well as an increase in density compared to mixing at atmospheric pressure. After vacuum mixing and collection, a further reduction of the porosity and increased density were seen; all the large voids within the cement were eliminated at 0.05 bar absolute pressure.

Bone Cements↗
PubMed1993

Swedish obese subjects (SOS)--an intervention study of obesity. Baseline evaluation of health and psychosocial functioning in the first 1743 subjects examined.

This part of an on-going intervention trial analyses impacts of obesity on psychosocial factors and health. The study sample comprised 800 obese men (BMI > or = 34 kg/m2) and 943 women (BMI > or = 38 kg/m2) ranging in age from 37 to 57 years. All participants completed standardized health-related quality of life measures, a validated obesity-specific eating inventory and study-specific questionnaires on current and past health status, use of medical care and medications, socioeconomic status, dietary habits, physical activity habits, weight history and familial history of obesity. Chronic patients and population samples were used as reference. The obese reported distinctly poorer current health and less positive mood states than the reference subjects, women being worse than men. Anxiety and/or depression on a level indicating psychiatric morbidity were more often seen in the obese and again women reported more affliction than men. Furthermore, the average poor mental well-being was worst than in chronically ill or injured patients, such as rheumatoid, cancer survivors and spinal cord injured persons. Predictors of perceived health and psychosocial functioning could be discerned using a comprehensive system of statistical analyses (16-28% explained variance). A background of both somatic and psychiatric morbidity was decisive for the health and psychosocial functioning in the obese; joint symptoms and angina pectoris dominated among somatic variables. Physical inactivity was the most prominent of traditional risk factors. The number of dieting attempts and body image were important weight correlates. Our results provide further evidence to the effect that severe obesity is a crippling condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Continuous infusion of intrathecal morphine to control acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated bladder pain.

A 36-year-old man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome had incapacitating dysuria and vesical pain secondary to interstitial cystitis. When medical management and suprapubic urinary diversion failed to control the symptoms the patient was started on subarachnoid morphine sulfate. Bupivacaine was added 1 year later via an implanted Therex M-3000 implantable continuous infusion pump, which has continued successfully for more than 18 months. We believe that subarachnoid narcotics and other analgesic agents, such as clonidine, bupivacaine hydrochloride and baclofen, may prove equally valuable in the treatment of bladder spasm and pain. Furthermore, implanted intrathecal ports and pumps may have less associated risk of infection than the percutaneous vascular access catheters presently used for the continuous delivery of medications in immunosuppressed patients.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Hospital care versus home care for rehabilitation after hip replacement.

A pilot study was done to assess the feasibility of reducing the hospital stays of patients with total hip replacement (THR). The length of hospital stay for these patients depends largely on how rehabilitation, mostly physical therapy, is organized. This study shows that not more than a half hour per postoperative day was devoted to care services and rehabilitation activities. It is feasible and less expensive to reduce substantially hospital stay by planned physical therapy in the patient's home. These results have prompted a randomized controlled clinical trial to assess hospital versus home rehabilitation.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Swedish obese subjects (SOS). Recruitment for an intervention study and a selected description of the obese state.

SOS (Swedish obese subjects) is an on-going intervention trial designed to determine whether the mortality and morbidity rates among obese individuals who lose weight by surgical means (gastric banding, vertical banded gastroplasty and gastric by-pass) differ from the rates associated with conventional treatment. For this purpose, the study is recruiting a sample of obese men and women who constitute a registry of potential subjects from which the participants are drawn. Eligibility criteria for participation in the registry were: age at application 37-57 years and BMI greater than or equal to 34 kg/m2 for men and greater than or equal to 38 kg/m2 for women. Before receiving a health examination, all patients complete extensive questionnaires on current and past health status, utilization of medical care and medications, socio-economic status, psychological profiles, dietary habits, physical activity, weight history, and familial disposition to obesity. Each surgical case is matched to its optimal control in the registry, to ensure that the two groups do not differ systematically with respect to any of 18 matching variables that may affect prognosis. The first 1006 subjects included in the registry have been studied with respect to morbidity and compared with on-going population studies of men and women in Göteborg, Sweden. The relative risks of prevalent disease and symptoms associated with obesity in 50-year-old males and females respectively were 4.3 and 4.7 (dyspnoea), 14.7 and 11.8 (angina), 6.3 (myocardial infarction, males only), 2.1 and 4.5 (hypertension), 5.2 and 6.6 (diabetes), 4.6 and 26.1 (claudication) and 1.7 and 1.8 (gall bladder disease). Correspondingly, obese males and females display elevations of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin, triglyceride, and uric acid levels. However, total cholesterol was not increased in obese males and was in fact significantly lower in obese compared with reference women. HDL-cholesterol was lower in obese than reference men (data were not available in reference women). The rate of taking sick pensions was over twice as high in SOS obese patients than in population controls. Finally, comparison of measurements with self-reported prevalence estimates revealed a considerable amount of previously undiagnosed hypertension and diabetes in the obese subjects. These data suggest that the excess health risks associated with obesity may not be fully appreciated.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1992

Secondary cataract. An in vivo model for studies on secondary cataract in rabbits.

Secondary cataract formation is the most common postoperative complication following cataract surgery. To study different methods preventing the secondary cataract formation a relevant animal model is required. An in vivo rabbit model for studies on the prevention of secondary cataract formation is presented. The lens nucleus and cortex were removed by phacoemulsification, and two months later the growth of the secondary cataract was estimated by scoring on a scale from 0-4, both central and peripheral, and by measuring the wet mass of the dissected secondary cataract. The model seems to be a relevant way to study different concepts for the prevention of secondary cataract formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Angiographic management of retroperitoneal hemorrhage from renal angiomyolipoma in polycystic kidney disease.

Angiographic management of bilateral angiomyolipomas complicated by hemorrhage in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is presented. The patient had mild stigmata of tuberous sclerosis, and a family history of tuberous sclerosis and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. The radiographic features at diagnosis, and those present during and after embolization are described. Radiological criteria for diagnosis and successful control of bleeding with intra-arterial selective embolization are discussed. Radiographic features before, during and after embolization are exhibited.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Establishment in the piglet gut of lactobacilli capable of degrading mixed-linked beta-glucans.

The establishment in piglets of lactobacilli with ability to degrade mixed-linked (1----3), (1----4) beta-D-glucans was studied in faeces from 15 animals. The piglets had free access to creep feed with an estimated content of 2% beta-D-glucans from 5 days of age. On days 3 and 35, ca log 8 cfu/g of beta-glucan-degrading lactobacilli were found in a majority of the samples. On days 7, 14 and 21 such bacteria were only found occasionally. During establishment of the microflora in the neonate, the faecal lactobacilli of the piglet seemed related to those of the sow. Later, the metabolic activity of the lactobacilli in piglet faeces showed a connection to the composition of the diet. The possible relation of these bacteria to occurrence of beta-glucanases attributed to be endogenous in the pig is discussed.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1990

Standardized measurement of lateral spinal flexion and its use in evaluation of the effect of treatment of chronic low back pain.

To evaluate the effect of treatment of chronic low back pain, the report of subjective pain needs to be supplemented by objective information such as, for example on changes in the functional capacity of the spine. This paper presents a simple but reliable method in this respect i.e. by measuring the range of lateral spinal flexion. When two independent testers used the method the correlation coefficient between their recorded values was 0.98. In patients with chronic low back pain, the method showed that the range of lateral flexion increased after treatment. At linear regression analysis a significant correlation was found between increased range of motion and reduced pain.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Conscious sedation with propofol.

The study was designed to assess the suitability of propofol for conscious sedation. Thirty-one patients undergoing bilateral third molar surgery were randomly given either propofol or midazolam for sedation as an adjunct to local anaesthesia at the first visit, and the alternative at the second visit. Propofol, like midazolam, produced reliable sedation, good operating conditions, stable vital signs and profound amnesia, with minimum intra-operative and post-operative adverse effects. Furthermore, most patients were willing to undergo either sedation procedure again. The advantages of propofol over midazolam were the ease with which the degree of sedation could be altered and the quick recovery. Its disadvantages were pain during injection, increased talkativeness, the extra equipment needed, and cost.

Adolescent↗