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Biomedical subjects

E Jung

Publications and source records attributed to E Jung.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

A subpopulation of hippocampal glial cells specific for the zinc-containing mossy fibre zone in man.

The projection of the zinc-containing axons of granule cells of the fascia dentata, e.g. the mossy fibres, is restricted to the hilar region and sector CA3 of the hippocampus. Serial sections of human hippocampi were stained for zinc-containing fibres with a non-perfusion Timm method, while adjacent ones were stained with Darrow red and aldehydefuchsin. GFAP, glutamine synthetase immunocytochemistry and a specific silver stain were employed to label other subtypes of astrocytes. The distribution of Timm-stained areas correlates only with the distribution of aldehydefuchsin-positive glial cells, most probably astrocytes. Since glial cells regulate axonal outgrowth in a region-specific manner, it is temptative to speculate that the aldehydefuchsin-positive glial cell is a candidate for a specific neuron-glia interaction which is somehow involved in the control of outgrowth of mossy fibres.

Hippocampus↗
PubMed1991

[Somatic diseases in inpatient treatment of psychiatric patients].

This is a report on the frequency of somatic diseases in patients treated in regional psychiatric units (14471 courses of treatment). In 33.2% of all episodes (n = 4803) the psychiatrist diagnosed a somatic illness which was classified according to ICD-9. Most frequently quoted were diseases of the heart and the circulatory system (8.43% of all episodes), the nervous system (5.30%) and metabolic and endocrine disorders (5.17%). Distinct correlations between the rate of somatic morbidity and the variables age, sex and psychiatric diagnosis were found. In 4.04% of all episodes (n = 583) patients had to be transferred in a nonpsychiatric unit. 190 deaths were recorded, 18 of them in patients below the age of 65 years. The findings of this study show that hospitalized psychiatric patients are in need not only of psychiatric but also of medical care. A corroboration of this conclusion by further data is desirable.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Mortality of patients with organ-induced psychiatric disorders during inpatient psychiatric treatment].

In this paper data from seven psychiatric hospitals in Baden-Württemberg, which can be regarded as representative for this region, are analysed. All patients with organic mental disorders of the ICD-9 categories 290, 293, 294 and 310 were included, while patients with alcohol- or psychoactive drug-induced psychoses were excluded. During the period from 01.01.1984 to 30.06.1986, 1821 episodes of treatment were recorded. 41% of all patients were male, the mean age of the population was 72.4 +/- 15.1 years. During their stay in hospital 137 patients died from natural causes, which is to compare with an expected number of deaths of 18.3, calculated according to the age- and sex-adjusted mortality rates of the German population. With a ratio of 7.5 the mortality of the whole study population was significantly raised. In all diagnostic subgroups a correlation with raised mortality was found, the risk being highest in patients with acute organic psychosis. An inverse relationship between age and mortality could be established. The main causes of death were cardiovascular disorders and pneumonias. The data of this investigation indicate an unequivocally increased mortality risk of patients with organic mental disorder during their stay in acute psychiatric units. The causes for this phenomenon are discussed, as well as potential consequences for hospital care of patients with organic mental disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Loss of corneal endothelial cells following pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil implantation].

Endothelial cell loss contributes to severe corneal decompensation following pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil injection into the vitreous cavity. The corneal endothelium of 35 eyes (35 patients) was evaluated prospectively before and after pars plana vitrectomy in a clinical study by means of wide field specular microscopy (Roberts and Koester). Special attention was paid to differences between patients with and without silicone oil in the anterior chamber with respect to postoperative complications and endothelial cell loss. In 12 of the 35 eyes silicone oil was present in the anterior chamber. After a 6-month follow-up we found in all 35 eyes an average decrease in endothelial cell density of 22.9% +/- 13.3% compared to the preoperative values. A correlation between pre- and postoperative cell density (r = 0.827) after six months could be demonstrated. Logistic regression was used to estimate the statistical significance of various factors influencing endothelial cell loss such as inflammatory anterior chamber reaction, elevated intraocular pressure and silicone oil in the anterior chamber. Silicone oil in the anterior chamber was proved to be the main factor causing endothelial cell loss (p less than 0.025). Age group and number of previous intraocular surgical procedures showed no significant influence on endothelial cell loss.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Protein-DNA crosslinks induced by primary and secondary radicals.

Double-stranded DNA from calf thymus was irradiated in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) at a ratio of 1:10 by mass under air, N2 or N2O, with and without ethanol, tert-butanol or isopropanol in 10(-2) mol dm-3 sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0. The irradiated solutions were analysed by a nitrocellulose filter assay and by high-performance liquid gel chromatography. The results show that OH. radicals as well as hydrated electrons induce protein-DNA crosslinks. Further, alcohol radicals react with BSA producing protein radicals which become crosslinked to DNA. If OH radicals are scavenged by alcohol, strand breakage of DNA does not occur.

Alcohols↗
PubMed1988

[The value of the social service unit in ambulatory gerontopsychiatric management].

Care of aged mentally diseased patients is one of the subjects whose reform had been underlined as particularly urgent in the 1975 report on the state of psychiatry in the Federal Republic of Germany. Whereas in psychiatric hospitals there is now evidence of a growing trend to reduced hospital stay and to readmission after a period of release, no change seems to be in sight in respect of caring for the aged on an outpatient basis. The financial losses suffered by public health care organisations for aged mental outpatients have resulted in housing an increasing number of mentally ill persons of old age in homes for the aged, instead of caring for them as psychiatric outpatients. Since more and more aged persons will be represented among the population in future, it is more than ever before imperative to arrive at suggestions for a feasible solution. The article reviews the present situations (including acceptance of existing institutions by the aged) and explains the importance of public social care units in outpatient care of elderly people. The assessment was made by means of an official questionnaire operation in the Land of Baden-Württemberg. Efforts are suggested in respect of revised basis rules of organisation and staff to improve public outpatient gerontopsychiatric care.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1988

[Need for social psychiatric services--a management model in scientific evaluation].

Social-psychiatric services have for a long time been a focus in the controversial discussion about the further development of outpatient mental health care. Presented is the Baden-Württemberg Social Psychiatric Services model, which is oriented towards outpatient social welfare provision of persons with chronic mental illness, complementing the medical-psychiatric treatment provided by office-practice psychiatrists. Evaluation of the Social Psychiatric Service for its first year of full operation, 1984, has shown that this type of service delivery organization is capable, above all, of reaching persons with "recently" chronic mental illness, who are serviced in the framework of community mental health care systems mainly on an outpatient basis. Provision of care, i.e. of social welfare and counselling measures, may in this group constitute an efficient contribution towards their social rehabilitation. Effective functioning of this organizational model presupposes sufficiently well-established cooperation with other facilities and services involved in service provision, which, as the Baden-Württemberg trial has shown, can in actual fact be ensured.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1986

Prediction of outcome and utilization of medical services in a prospective study of first onset schizophrenics. Results of a prospective 5-year follow-up study.

After an introduction on design and definition of constructs, followed by an overview on case-finding, description of cohort and epidemiological considerations, this paper presents results on (social) disability (course of disability, prediction of disability), reported symptoms (course of symptomatology, prediction of symptomatology), observed (psychological) impairments (course of impairments, prediction of impairments, and value of impairment scores as predictors) and the utilization of medical services (scale of predominant utilization levels, longitudinal pattern of care, proportions of time in and out of hospital, prediction of length of hospitalization and cumulative time in rehabilitation institutions) in an epidemiological cohort of first onset schizophrenics prospectively over 5 years.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Chloroplasts of higher plants synthesize L-phenylalanine via L-arogenate.

The specific enzymological route of L-phenylalanine biosynthesis has not been established in any higher plant system. The possible pathway routes that have been identified in microorganisms utilize either phenylpyruvate or L-arogenate as a unique intermediate. We now report the presence of arogenate dehydratase (which converts L-arogenate to L-phenylalanine) in cultured-cell populations of Nicotiana silvestris. Prephenate dehydratase (which converts prephenate to phenylpyruvate) was not detected. Arogenate dehydratase was also found in washed spinach chloroplasts, and these data add to emerging evidence in support of the existence in the plastidial compartment of a complete assembly of enzymes comprising aromatic amino acid biosynthesis. Arogenate dehydratase from tobacco and spinach were both specific for L-arogenate, inhibited by L-phenylalanine, and activated by L-tyrosine. Apparent Km values for L-arogenate (0.3 X 10(-3) M), pH optima (pH 8.5-9.5), and temperature optima for catalysis (32-34 degrees C) were also similar.

Allosteric Regulation↗
PubMed1986

Reactions of reducing radicals with ribonuclease.

Radiation-induced reactions of hydrated electrons, formate- and ethanol radicals with ribonuclease were studied by pulse radiolysis and by electrophoresis. Initially formate radicals react rapidly and very specifically with the disulphide bonds of ribonuclease. This reaction leads to aggregation by intermolecular S-S-interchange, the process being more effective at pH 4, since formation and decay of S-S-.-radical anions increases with decreasing pH. With high doses additional unreducible aggregates are formed. Radical formation at the positively charged histidine residues seems to be involved. Hydrated electrons do not react as selectively as the formate radicals, but with several sites in native ribonuclease. Thus with low doses unreducible aggregates are formed. Electrophoresis shows that reaction of the electrons causes fragmentation of the peptide chain, when OH-radicals are scavenged. Very weak transient spectra and very little degradation result on reaction of ethanol radicals with ribonuclease.

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of growth of black and white infants during their first two years of life.

Growth data were analyzed on 406 infants (211 black, 195 white) during their first two years of life. Only term children weighing more than 2500 g were included in the study. Prenatal and postnatal care were provided at the same university affiliated health maintenance organization. Mean birth weight of black female newborns was 150 g less than white female newborns with a statistical significance of P = .028. Mean birth weight of black male newborns was 40 g less than white male newborns. The difference was not statistically significant. Black male infants were significantly heavier at 12, 18, and 24 months and significantly taller at 24 months than their white counterparts.Significant differences in velocity of growth were seen between black and white female infants regardless of type of feeding. Black female infants gained more weight between 6 and 12 months and increased their length more rapidly between 18 and 24 months than their white cohorts. These data suggest that black infants demonstrate a somewhat different growth pattern than white infants.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1985

Birth weight doubling and tripling times: an updated look at the effects of birth weight, sex, race and type of feeding.

Data were collected on 335 infants from birth to age two years whose families were all subscribers to a prepaid medical care plan. Birth weights were not significantly different by race or gender. Doubling time (DT) was significantly later than that reported in the mid-70s. Tripling time (TT) was significantly later than that calculated from the National Center for Health Statistics growth charts. Birth weight was the most significant factor for both DT and TT. Gender significantly affected DT only. Race was directly significant only for DT, but became significant for DT and TT when adjusted for gender and type of feeding. Type of feeding was not significant. The group which tripled birth weight the earliest had a higher percentage of fatter infants and suggest early TT may be useful to indicate infants at risk for obesity.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1985

A urine preservative system to maintain bacterial counts. A laboratory and clinical evaluation.

The urinary tract is a common site of infection in the hospitalized, institutionalized, or ambulatory patient population. Ideally, urine should be cultured immediately or refrigerated up to 24 hours for quantitative examination for microorganisms. In the evaluation of patients at their homes or in long-term care facilities, rapid plating or refrigeration may not be practical. This is also true when evaluating small children in whom external collection devices are required to obtain a specimen. Because of these limitations, we evaluated a urine preservative and transport system, the Sage Products Urine Culture Tube, in a study of 1469 clinical specimens. This tube utilizes boric acid (1.1% final concentration) as a preservative. The Urine Culture Tube was easy to use and was as effective as refrigeration in maintaining bacterial counts. This system may be particularly useful where rapid transport or refrigeration is limited.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1983

Isolation and structure determination of a novel spiro-gamma-lactam, spiro-arogenate.

The eucaryotic microorganism, Neurospora crassa, is able under specified conditions (Zamir, L.O., Jung, E., and Jensen, R.A. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 6492-6496) to synthesize a cyclohexadienyl derivative of prephenic acid having the novel structure of a spiro-gamma-lactam. This L-gamma-(spiro-4-hydroxy-2,5-cyclohexadienyl)-pyroglutamate is herein given the trivial name, spiro-arogenate, to indicate its close relationship to the amino acid, L-arogenate. Spiro-arogenate is quantitatively converted to phenylalanine at mildly acidic pH and can be converted to arogenate by boiling at basic pH. The structure of spiro-arogenate was established through the application of spectroscopic techniques (ultraviolet, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and mass spectrometry). The 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra of spiro-arogenate isolated as the natural product conformed to the spectrum of spiro-arogenate prepared by chemical synthesis by S. Danishefsky and co-workers (Danishefsky, S., Morris, J., and Clizbe, L.A. (1981) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 103, 1602-1604). Circular dichroism established the S configuration of the asymmetric carbon at C-8 of spiro-arogenate.

Amino Acids, Dicarboxylic↗
PubMed1983

Co-accumulation of prephenate, L-arogenate, and spiro-arogenate in a mutant of Neurospora.

A mutant strain of Neurospora crassa blocked in each of the initial steps of tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine biosynthesis was previously shown to accumulate and secrete prephenate and L-arogenate (Jensen, R.A., Zamir, L.O., St. Pierre, M., Patel, N., and Pierson, D.L. (1977) J. Bacteriol. 132, 896-903). We now report the co-accumulation of yet another compound which was identified (Zamir, L.O., Tiberio, R., Jung, E., and Jensen, R.A. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. (1983) 258, 6486-6491) as the lactam derivative of L-arogenate. This structure, spiro-arogenate, undergoes a facile acid-catalyzed conversion to L-phenylalanine (as does L-arogenate). Since L-arogenate is conveniently quantitated as 5-dimethylaminonapthalene-1-sulfonyl (dansyl)-phenylalanine following acidification and dansylation, the unknown presence of spiro-arogenate may easily lead to overestimation of L-arogenate present in mixtures. Reliable quantitative assays for both L-arogenate and spiro-arogenate in mixtures were designed utilizing [3H]dansyl-chloride and exploiting the inability of the spiro-arogenate molecule to be dansylated in contrast to L-arogenate. The initial appearance of spiro-arogenate during accumulation lagged behind prephenate and L-arogenate, and spiro-arogenate accumulation leveled off after 5 days while prephenate and L-arogenate accumulations continued. It seems likely that spiro-arogenate is derived directly from L-arogenate. Prephenate, L-arogenate, and spiro-arogenate comprised about 70, 15, and 15% fractions of the total accumulation in a representative accumulation experiment designed to maximize spiro-arogenate yields. Modest variations in co-metabolite ratios were obtained under nutritional conditions where carbon source, growth temperature, duration of incubation time, and amino acid additions were experimental variables.

Amino Acids↗