Biomedical subjects

E K Betts

Publications and source records attributed to E K Betts.

13 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

The effect of administering or withholding dextrose in pre-bypass intravenous fluids on intraoperative blood glucose concentrations in infants undergoing hypothermic circulatory arrest.

Thirty-six fasted infants under 1 year of age who were scheduled for elective cardiac surgery using hypothermic bypass with circulatory arrest were randomized to receive a lactated Ringer's (LR) solution (group I) or a LR with 5% dextrose solution (group II) in the pre-bypass period. Marked increases in blood glucose concentrations were found following institution of bypass and circulatory arrest in the children in both groups. There was no correlation between the amount of dextrose infused in the pre-bypass period and the presence of hyperglycemia following institution of bypass. A single patient in group I was hypoglycemic (blood glucose less than 30 mg/dL) on the initial glucose determination and the blood glucose did not increase during the pre-bypass period. Elimination of dextrose from the parenteral fluids given before bypass will not eliminate hyperglycemia following institution of bypass; however, it may expose pediatric patients to the risks of hypoglycemia before bypass.

Blood Glucose↗

PubMed1989

Comparison of oral and intramuscular preanesthetic medication for pediatric inpatient surgery.

The child's fear of injections coupled with the concern that the psychologic advantage of intramuscular premedication may be all or in part negated by the trauma of injections prompted the authors to seek an oral preanesthetic medication to safely and reliably replace injections. The authors describe the results of a prospective, randomized, double-blind study comparing the pharmacologic effects of oral versus injectable preanesthetic medication in 67 healthy pediatric inpatients older than 1 yr. Children given the oral medication (meperidine 3.0 mg/kg, pentobarbital 4.0 mg/kg) were significantly more drowsy in the holding area (P less than 0.001) and more cooperative at the time of induction of anesthesia (P less than 0.01) than the children given intramuscular medication (morphine 0.1 mg/kg, pentobarbital 4.0 mg/kg). There were no other differences between the two groups. These data demonstrate that oral preanesthetic medication can be as or more effective compared with intramuscular medication in producing the desired effects without adverse side effects. As a result of this study, the benefits of preanesthetic medication can now be achieved in nearly all surgical patients without injections.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1988

The effect of preoperative oral droperidol on the incidence of postoperative emesis after paediatric strabismus surgery.

Most children vomit after strabismus surgery. Administration of intravenous droperidol to unpremedicated paediatric patients following induction but prior to eye manipulation markedly reduces the incidence of postoperative emesis. This study tested the hypothesis that even earlier administration of droperidol, orally as a component of an oral premedication, would further reduce the incidence of postoperative emesis in this group of patients. Sixty-five patients were randomized into three premedication groups. One group received the standard oral premedication used for all outpatients at our institution (meperidine 1.5 mg.kg-1, diazepam 0.15 mg.kg-1, atropine 0.02 mg.kg-1). In the other two groups, droperidol in a dose of 50 or 75 micrograms.kg-1 was substituted for the diazepam. Droperidol-treated groups demonstrated a significantly lower incidence of vomiting prior to hospital discharge compared to the groups that received the standard oral premedication (standard--73 per cent, 50 micrograms.kg-1 droperidol--33 per cent, 75 micrograms.kg-1 droperidol--36 per cent) without prolonging hospital stay.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1985