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Biomedical subjects

E K Kuwert

Publications and source records attributed to E K Kuwert.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Results of 200 renal transplantations (author's transl)].

Two hundred renal transplantations were performed on 187 patients between July, 1972 and June, 1978. On a follow-up of 6--78 months the survival rate after allogenic transplantation was 80% at one year and 64% at five years. Satisfactory renal function was present in 62% at one year and 31% at six years. Gastrointestinal complications were common and caused about 40% of all deaths. Severe infections were the second most common cause of death. Local complications required explantation in 4%, and caused death in 0.5% of cases. Change in the treatment regimen, using less massive immunosuppressive measures during acute rejection, lowered the death-rate without a higher loss of transplants. The death-rate was 16% at three months and 26% at one year in the first of the 200 transplantations, but 6% and 12%, respectively, in the last 50 consecutive transplantations. The survival rate of patients with transplants is thus comparable to that of patients receiving chronic haemodialysis.

Azathioprine↗
PubMed1979

[Studies on human immunoglobulin preparations: I. Viral antibody profiles (author's transl)].

A study was undertaken to assess the viral antibody spectrum in human immunoglobulin preparations from four different manufacturers for intravenous and/or intramuscular application. Studies of the kind seem to be reasonable for calculating the expected therapeutic effect of the administered immunoglobulin. The investigated 16 gammaglobulin batches showed almost the same variety of viral antibodies and only slightly differring antibody titers. It is interesting to note, that antibodies to vaccinia virus could not be demonstrated. Quantitative determination of viral antibody titers in immunoglobulin preparations for standardization purposes should include the testing of antibodies to viruses against which a therapy with gammaglobulins is reasonable.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1979

[Studies on human immunoglobulin preparations: II. Purity and composition (author's transl)].

16 human immunoglobulin preparations for intravenous and/or intramuscular use of 4 different manufacturers were tested with regard to their purity and composition. Anticomplementary activity was detected in preparations for i.m. application, but surprisingly also in some preparations for intravenous use, a fact which may possibly cause allergic or anaphylactic reactions. Besides IgG, which accounted for the main part of the protein content, small amounts of IgA, IgD, and IgM were found. IgE was detected in every batch studied. Some contained IgE-concentrations, usually seen in atopic persons.

Drug Contamination↗
PubMed1979

[On the infectiousness of HBs-antigen-positive medical personnel (author's transl)].

Electronmicroscopic study of 29 HBs-antigen-positive personnel of a large hospital demonstrated virus material in the blood in all instances. In nine cases Dane particles, which are the infectious principle of the hepatitis B virus, were also seen. Dane-particle-positive personnel in a hospital could well be a risk to the patients if the carrier status or infectiousness of the person is not known.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1979

Interferon response to human diploid cell strain rabies vaccines in man.

Circulating interferon was found in volunteers immunized with 3.0 ml and 1.0 ml doses of human diploid cell strain (HDCS) rabies vaccines. Peak interferon titres were observed 17--25 hours after primary vaccination and the response diminished upon revaccination. The response was dose-related and did not correlate with the antigenic value of the vaccines or with the titre of infections virus in the vaccines before inactivation.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1979

[Studies on sensitization after repeated topic application of live attenuated influenza vaccine (Gripovax) (author's transl)].

A long term study with bivalent live influenza vaccine was carried out in 18 subjects with no previous history of egg protein hypersensitivity. Experimental conditions included a nine-fold vaccination schedule with collection of serum and nasal fluid. The parameters studied were determination of serium and local antibody formation as well as the demonstration of specific IgE antibodies in serum and nasal fluid. Our major interest was directed towards the question of potential sensitization after repeated doses of non-purified oral vaccine. The close medical follow-up of the subjects revealed no clinical signs of atopic reaction. There were no complaints regarding adverse reactions usually following local application of live influenza vaccines. Determination of total serum IgE rederately elevated levels before, during und after the trial; one vaccinated subject showed high concentrations prior to vaccination with no significant change during the experiment. That individual was ultimately classified atopic with a pronounced hypersensitivity to egg protein. Nevertheless this person tolerated nine doses of vaccine without side reactions and showed no significant increase in total or specific IgE antibodies. Concentrations of IgE in nasal secretion of non-atopic subjects are less than 2U/ml, whereas they are frequently higher in allergic patients and in the presence of nasal IgE levels greater than 4 U/ml one would expect a specific reaction to challenge allergens. In our vaccinees nasal IgE values were consistently within normal range, at no time exceeding 2.6 U/ml, even the atopic subject did not exhibit higher levels in nasal fluid. A correlation between systemic and local IgE antibodies revealed no pathognostic relations; in addition to this, specific IgE-serum-antibodies as measured in the RAST against ovalbumin allergen did not show any correlation to vaccination. These data present good evidence for the innocuity of the vaccine with regard to its repeated application in man.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1979

[Rabies specific IgM- and IgG-antibody response in persons immunized with HDCS vaccine according to the Essen postexposure vaccination schedule (author's transl)].

A solid phase enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) was applied for the determination of rabies virus antibodies of the immunoglobulin classes G and M in sera of 10 young adults. Vaccinations were carried out with the Essen post-exposure vaccination schedule, which is recommended by the W.H.O., with the rabies HDCS vaccine with an antigen value of 1.9. From these results the rabies virus IgM/IgG-conversion was derived. Furthermore a comparison was carried out of results obtained with the ELISA, the mouse neutralization test, the complement fixation test and the hemagglutination inhibition test. Rabies virus-IgM-antibodies were detected already three days after the first vaccination. The IgM-antibody concentration increased to a maximum at the 22nd day p.v. In sera of seven of eight vaccinees rabies virus IgM-antibody was still detectable until the 90th day p.v. Rabies virus antibodies of the IgG-class were found in the serum of 1/7 vaccinees at the 7th day p.v. A steep increase of the rabies virus IgG-antibodies was observed from day 10 p.v. to a maximum between the 30th and 40th day p.v.. The titer values varied between 1:10-1:1600. The rabies virus IgM/IgG-conversion was observed after the 10th day p.v.. More than 75% of the total antirabies virus globulin fraction belonged to the IgG-class in sera of 6 of 9 vaccinees between the 22nd and 30th day of p.v.. A preponderance of the rabies virus IgM-antibodies was seen in 3 of 9 vaccinees until the 90th day p.v.. Most sensitive for the early detection of rabies virus antibodies was the IgM-ELISA followed by the IgG-ELISA, mouse-neutralization test, hemagglutination inhibition test and complement fixation test.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Local and systemic antibody response after vaccination with 3 different types of vaccines against influenza I. Hemagglutinationinhibiting antibodies (author's transl)].

A comparative study on the formation of hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies after vaccination with 3 different types of Influenza Vaccines (Whole virion, Splitvirion, and Subunit type) was performed in adults and children. The study populations were homogeneous as regards age and pre-immunization antibody profile. The following results were obtained: 1) Strain specific conversion rates for the A component (A/Victoria/3/75 H3N2) were 77% with the whole virion vaccine, 79% with the Splitvirion vaccine and 91% with the Subunit vaccine. The antibody conversion factors calculated on the basis of the geometric mean titers (GMT) were 5.0, 6,7 and 9.0 respectively. A fourfold increase in titers was observed in 68% of vaccinees with the whole virion vaccine, in 55% of vaccinees with the Splitvirion vaccine, and in 70% of vaccinees with the Subunit vaccine. 2) Local antibody formation on the basis of conversion rates yielded values of 18% (whole virion), 22% (Splitvirion), and 28% (Subunit vaccine). 3) Systemic antibody responses revealed predominantly strain and subtype specificity as opposed to local antibody formation which was also directed towards older sybtypes. This phenomenon was more pronounced in adults than in children. 4) A significant correlation was found between the local antibody production and the concentration of hemagglutination inhibiting serum antibodies as well as between the IgA concentration in nasal wash fluid and the percentage of individuals exhibiting local antibody formation in the upper respiratory tract system. 5) In children 6-14 years of age the antibody conversion rates were found to be 91-100% for the A component with the 3 vaccines under study. The GMT for the respective vaccines A, B and S ranged from 1:170 over 1:139 to 1:211. 6) With regard to the induction of hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies to the B component of the vaccine (B/Hongkong/8/73) either vaccine proved to be of insufficinet potency. Though conversion rates of 6/ to 77% (60-90% in children) were observed the GMT range was only 1:17 to 1:21 (1:21 to 1:35 in children). Only 29 to 35% of the adults and about one half of the children developed antibodies of greater than or equal to 1:40 after vaccination. With regard to this observation it has to be discussed whether one shouldn't consider monovalent A vaccines for future use in influenza vaccination campaigns.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Purity, anticomplementary activity, and viral antibody profile of NIG preparations for intravenous and intramuscular use.

16 normal immunoglobulin preparations of 4 different manufacturers for intravenous and intramuscular use were tested with regard to purity, anticomplementary activity, and viral antibody profile. Besides IgG, which accounted for the main part of the protein content, small amounts of IgA, IgD, and IgM were found. IgE was detected in every batch studied. Some contained IgE-concentrations, which are usually seen in atopic persons. Anticomplementary activity was detected in preparations for i.m. application but surprisingly also in some preparations for intravenous use, a fact which may possibly cause allergic or anaphylactic reactions. The investigated batches showed almost the same variety of viral antibodies and only slightly differing antibody titers. Antibodies to vaccinia virus could not be demonstrated.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

High risk groups for hepatitis B virus infection in a university hospital staff as determined by detection of HB antigens, antibodies, and Dane particles.

The prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HBs has been determined by solid-phase radioimmunoassay in 1815 university hospital employees and compared with the results obtained by investigating 131 metal workers and 86 laboratory technicians. Hospital personnel and here especially dialysis staff members and laboratory workers is at higher risk to acquire a hepatitis B virus infection than population compartments without contact to patients or blood. Electronmicroscopic studies revealed that a considerable number of the blood samples of HBsAg-positive staff members contained Dane-particles. These employees have to be considered infectious and possibly present a hazard to the patients they take care of.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Risk of infection with hepatitis B virus in laboratory staff (author's transl)].

Considerable differences were discovered when 61 student technicians and 86 qualified laboratory staff were investigated for presence of hepatitis B (surface) antigen and hepatitis B (surface) antibodies in the blood. HBs antigen was not found in the trainees whereas 4.7% of the qualified personnel were HBs antigen positive. Anti-HBs could be demonstrated in 6.6% of the trainees and in 36.1% of qualified technicians. These data demonstrate the considerable risk of medical personnel from hepatitis B virus particularly in laboratories. For prophylaxis of virus hepatitis B in laboratory personnel special hygienic measures, routine blood investigations for HBs antigen and anti-HBs, the planned placing of anti-HBs positive personnel and the value of passive immunisation with anti-HBs immunoglobulins are stressed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Experience in man with a purified rabies vaccine from huamn diploid cell (HDC) cultures (author's transl)].

A rabies HDC vaccine purified by density gradient centrifugation was used before and after exposure and the antigenic activity and tolerance investigated. Three injections on days 0, 7 and 21 induced neutralizing antibodies between 1:100 and 1: less than 1000 with 100% conversion rate, while one injection is sufficient for a booster. Vaccination after exposure is described; simultaneous passive immunization does not imply inhibition of the active immune response. Quantifiable local and general reactions seldom occur and serious neurological complications are not to be expected.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1978

[Carcinoembryonic antigen in retinoblastomas (author's transl)].

In 47 patients (46 children and 1 adult) with unilateral and bilateral retinoblastoma, the titer of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was determined. The CEA titer of children with active retinoblastomas was 1.44 +/- 0.26 ng/ml (x +/- SEM). Those patients whose retinoblastoma was inactivated by therapy did not show a significantly lower CEA titer. In the group of children with one eye removed because of a unilateral retinoblastoma, the CEA titer was significantly (P less than 0.1) lower. The globes of 25 children were examined histologically. In those cases with invasion of the optic nerve or choroid, the CEA titer was significantly higher (P less than 0.1) as compared with those where the tumor was limited to the retina alone.

Adult↗