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Biomedical subjects

E K Shkhinek

Publications and source records attributed to E K Shkhinek.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

[The action of defensins on the corticosterone level of the blood and on the immune response in stress].

The influence of defensins on the level of corticosterone in the blood and immune response in stress was studied. Defensins were shown to have corticostatic activity in vivo in the models of stress- and ACTG-induced elevation of corticosterone. Also defensins abolished the immunosuppressive action of combining stress in animals. These results suggest that defensins may be endogenic peptides with stress-protective properties.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Altered interleukin-1 production in mice exposed to rotation stress.

This study examined the effects of rotation stress (78 circles per 1 min for 1 h: 10 min rotation + 5 min interval) on peritoneal macrophage release of lymphocyte-activating factors (LAF) and interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) concentration in mice (CBA x C57BL6)F1. Rotation stress induced the macrophages' release of LAF with peak reactions in 0-1 h after termination of stress, followed by elevation of plasma IL-1 alpha. Induction of LAF release was accompanied by a higher concentration of corticosterone (Cs) in the blood, most prominent at 0 and 0.5 h after termination of the stressful procedure, and recovering to normal values 1 h later. It is suggested that the stimulating effect of stress on LAF and IL-1 production possibly involves glucocorticoid hormones, as well as other stress-induced neurohumoral shifts accompanying the reaction of glucocorticoids. It is also possible that the activated production of LAF and IL-1 by macrophages has a stress-limiting role in cases of mild stress.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Effect of glucocorticoid hormones on the antigen-induced response of the cyclase systems of splenic cells in the rat and mouse].

The cyclic nucleotides level in rat and mouse cells increased after immunization with SRBS. These changes were absent in the tolerant mouse spleen. The cyclic nucleotides level in the rat spleen cells increased after injection of 0.5-1.0 mg, but not 5 mg/100 g of body weight of cortisol. Administration of cortisol (1-5 mg/100 g but not 0.5 mg/100 g) 10 min before immunization with SRBS (1 X 10(9) cells) prevents the elevation of cyclic nucleotides level induced by the antigen. Adrenalectomy 2 days before immunization results in the inhibition of cAMP reaction to antigen. The reaction of cyclic nucleotides of the spleen cells to antigen in the whole organism seems to depend on the hormones of the hypothalamus-hypophysis-adrenal-cortex system. It is possible that some optimal level of these hormones is necessary for the normal response of the spleen cells cyclic nucleotides to antigen.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1984

[Hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal system in the regulation of immunologic processes].

Glucocorticoids are concluded to be modulators of immune reactions capable of changing different parameters of the immune responses. The conclusion is based on investigation of correlations between endogenous glucocorticoids level and intensity of humoral and cell-mediated immune response in different experimental sets. Changes of cyclic nucleotides level in spleen lymphocytes induced by antigen were shown to depend on the intensity of hormonal shifts. The major significance of the intensity of hormonal changes and the sensitivity of cell populations to hormones for the final hormonal influence, is emphasized.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Endocrine and metabolic mechanisms of the pathological syndrome due to antigens of homologous glial tissue in monkeys].

Monkeys (Macaca mulatta) of both sexes repeatedly immunized with a complex of glial antigens of the homologous brain demonstrated abnormalities of hormonal functions after 1 to 5 weeks. These abnormalities were marked by a decrease in the total serum tyroxine (after 1 week) and a rise in the concentration of 11-hydroxycorticosteroids (11-OHCS) that occurred after 5 weeks. The changes in tyroxine level were more stable than those in the concentration of 11-OHCS. The immunized animals manifested changes in the disc electrophoregram of the serum. Application of stress resulted in a consistent elevation of the concentration of 11-OHCS and in temporary changes in the number and intensity of individual fractions of serum proteins. The fractional composition of serum proteins was different in control and experimental monkeys.

11-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1984

[Glucocorticoid hormones and the immune response].

The level of glyco- and mineralcorticoids in the blood and correlations between functional activity of hypothalamo-hypophyseal--adrenocortical system and antibody production, were investigated. The role of glycocorticoids in the immune system responses to antigen on the cellular and molecular levels including the changes in glycocorticoid binding sites and cyclo-nucleotides level, was shown. The role of glycocorticoids in actualization of the immune responses depending on the intensity and duration of hormonal changes, is considered from the standpoint of different sensitivity of the individual clones of immunocompetent cells to hormones.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The functional role of the posterior hypothalamic field in realizing the responses of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenal system in rabbits].

The role played by the area of the posterior hypothalamic field in the realization of reactions of the hypophysis-adrenal system in rabbits in response to the stimuli of various nature was studied. Bilateral electrolytic damage of the area under study, without causing any significant changes in the concentration of 11-OCS of the plasma at rest, led to the statistically significant intensification of the hormonal shifts in response to the immobilization, administration of ethinizol and horse serum. Control injries in the preoptic area caused no changes of this kind, and in case of the horse serum led to reverse shifts. The data obtained permitted a conclusion to be drawn that, along with mosaicity of the neuronal structures of the hypothalamus responsible for the hypophysis-adrenal system function individual zones could possess some specific effects, this being expressed in macroinjuries.

11-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of intraventricular administration of naloxone on stress-induced hormonal reactions].

The purpose of the work is to bring to light the role of naloxone-blocked CNS opioid receptors in the implementation of hormonal reactions caused by stress agents in male Wistar rats. Naloxone was administered at a dose of 10 micrograms/100 g body mass into the lateral cerebral ventricles via preliminarily implanted polyethylene cannulas. Stress stimuli (cooling at -20 degrees C for 10 min. and administration of a foreign protein/sheep erythrocytes at a dose of 10(9) cells) followed 30 min. after naloxone administration. Stress-induced changes in the concentrations of aldosterone and testosterone were shown to be significantly disturbed in animals receiving naloxone whereas changes in the concentrations of corticosterone and ACTH remained the same as those in animals not receiving the agent. Changes in hormonal functions and a type of stress showed correlation. It has been assumed that naloxone-blocked CNS receptors are involved in the implementation of stress-induced reactions of mineralocorticoid function of the hypothalamo-hypophyseo-adrenal system and androgenic function of the hypothalamo-hypophyseo-gonadal system.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The mechanism of the effect of interleukin-1 on the glucocorticoid level of the blood: the absence of a direct action of interleukin-1 on adrenal cortex cells].

The investigation is devoted to the problem of interaction of the body neuroendocrine and immune systems. A study was made of possible mechanisms of stimulating action of IL-1, a cellular mediator of the immune system, on glucocorticoid function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system. RIA and fluorescence methods as well as methods for obtaining IL-1 from activated rabbit leukocytes were employed. IL-1 was shown to increase the plasma level of corticosterone in rats in ip administration. It also produced a direct effect on the secretion of adrenal cells without enhancing ACTH stimulating action on them. The results of the investigation and literature data show that IL-1 action on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system is implemented through its influence on neurons of the cerebral hypothalamic areas secreting the corticotropin releasing factor.

Adrenal Cortex↗