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Biomedical subjects

E Kato

Publications and source records attributed to E Kato.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Biscoclaurine alkaloids inhibit receptor-mediated phospholipase A2 activation probably through uncoupling of a GTP-binding protein from the enzyme in rat peritoneal mast cells.

The mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of biscoclaurine (bisbenzylisoquinoline) alkaloids on phospholipase A2 activation in the signalling system of stimulated rat peritoneal mast cells was studied. Cepharanthine, berbamine and isotetrandrine inhibited antigen- and compound 48/80-induced arachidonic acid liberation, but not diacylglycerol formation or histamine release. They had no effect on A23187-induced arachidonic acid liberation, which was prevented by p-bromophenacyl bromide, a known phospholipase A2 inhibitor, and also did not affect phospholipase A2 activity in a cell-free system including an exogenous phospholipid substrate. Each alkaloid also inhibited arachidonic acid liberation induced by guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) in saponin-permeabilized mast cells, and by mastoparan or NaF plus AlCl3 intact cells. Furthermore, each alkaloid abolished the inhibitory effect of islet-activating protein on the compound 48/80-induced arachidonic acid liberation. These data suggest that these alkaloids suppress the receptor-mediated phospholipase A2 activation through, at least in part, uncoupling of a GTP-binding protein from the enzyme, rather than by affecting the enzyme directly.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1992

Histopathology of eighth cranial nerve of mass stranded dolphins at Goto Islands, Japan.

We examined four dolphins (Grampus griseus) of 582 mass-stranded. Almost no contents were found in the alimentary canal. Nasitrema gondo and Crassicauda grampicola were found in the tympanic cavity. Severe degeneration of the eighth cranial nerve was observed microscopically in all animals and an egg of Nasitrema was found in a tissue crevice of the nerve. We propose that the nerves were damaged directly by Nasitrema.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Detection and clinical usefulness of urinary interleukin-6 in the diseases of the kidney and the urinary tract.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a key role in inflammatory and immune responses in the host. In the present study, the IL-6 activity in urine from patients with various renal diseases was examined to elucidate the pathological and clinical significance of urinary IL-6. In patients with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (mes-PGN) including, IgA nephropathy, the urinary IL-6 activity tended to increase with the progression of mesangial hypercellularity. In four patients with IgA nephropathy, urinary IL-6 activity increased markedly but transiently during episodes of acute exacerbation associated with upper respiratory tract infection. In addition, it was demonstrated that urine from patients with other types of PGN such as poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis and membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis contained large quantities of IL-6. However, the levels of urinary IL-6 activity were almost within the normal range in non-proliferative glomerular diseases such as membranous nephropathy, minimal change nephrotic syndrome and lupus nephritis (WHO class I and V), non-glomerular bleeding and orthostatic proteinuria. It should be noted that a marked increase in urinary IL-6 was often observed in the patients with urinary tract infection. These results indicated that IL-6 in urine might be derived from various types of cells participating in inflammatory reactions not only in the renal parenchyma but also in the urinary tract.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Survivals of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Escherichia coli in a gastropod mollusc, Heminerita japonica.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains D-3 and R-13 were found to be cleared within 7 days from a marine neritid gastropod mollusc, Heminerita japonica, maintained in artificial seawater with salinities of 15, 25 and 35 permil (%) at 25 degrees C. Escherichia coli strain YS-2 survived at a level of 10(2) colony forming units per gram in the mollusc maintained in 15% water for up to 14 days and fell to non-detectable level within 7 days in a 35% salinity group. The ability of H. japonica to clear these organisms seems to be less active than that of a marine species. Nerita albicilla, and more active than that of an estuarine species. Clithon retropictus.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Migratory deficiency of Clithon retropictus hemocytes to Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Escherichia coli.

Hemocytes of a marine gastropod, Nerita albicilla, but not those of an estuarine gastropod, Clithon retropictus, were observed to migrate to live and heat-killed cells of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Escherichia coli through Nucleopore membrane in Blind well chamber. The defective migration of C. retropictus hemocytes might reflect, at least in part, the survival of V. parahaemolyticus in the estuarine gastropod.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Acquired von Willebrand's syndrome with lupus-like serology.

We describe a 12-year-old boy with acquired von Willebrand's syndrome, who also had various autoantibodies. He presented with recent hemorrhagic symptoms and a prolonged bleeding time. Hemostatic studies revealed severely reduced levels of factor VIII procoagulant activity (VIII:C), von Willebrand's factor (vWF) antigen (vWF:Ag), and ristocetin cofactor activity (RCoF). An inhibitor that could be detected in the patient's plasma moderately decreased the levels of vWF:Ag in normal plasma, but did not interfere with the measurement of VIII:C or RCoF. Following the infusion of cryoprecipitate, half-lives of VIII:C, vWF:Ag, and RCoF were markedly reduced. 1-Deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin infusion induced normalization of the prolonged bleeding time and caused a marked increase in VIII:C, vWF:Ag, and RCoF. Prior to treatment, there was a uniform reduction of all the multimers of plasma vWF in sodium dodecyl sulfate agarose gel electrophoresis. Following prednisone therapy, clinical and hemostatic findings were improved, and the multimeric patterns of vWF were normalized. These findings suggest that the low levels of all three parameters of factor VIII and all the multimers of plasma vWF in the patient are caused by rapid elimination of factor VIII complex from the circulation.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Significance of tubulointerstitial lesions in biopsy specimens of glomerulonephritic patients.

To evaluate the significance of tubulointerstitial lesions in the cortical area of renal biopsy specimens, clinicopathological studies were performed on 101 cases of IgA nephropathy, 31 cases of IgA-negative (non-IgA) proliferative glomerulonephritis and 75 cases of idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis. The degree of tubulointerstitial lesions was assessed semiquantitatively by light microscopic observation and was correlated with the several histopathological and clinical parameters at biopsy, as well as with status at final follow-up (average follow-up period: 72 months). In these three types of glomerulonephritis, the degree of tubulointerstitial lesions in the cortical area was clearly correlated with the severity of glomerular injury, the prevalence of segmental sclerosis, global sclerosis, arteriolosclerosis, decreased renal function (GFR less than 70 ml/min) and hypertension (greater than 150/90 mm Hg) at the time of biopsy. The prevalence of stable renal function at final follow-up was statistically higher in the cases without tubulointerstitial lesions or with those whose lesions included less than 20% of the cortical area. From the above data, it was concluded that a semiquantitative evaluation of tubulointerstitial lesions in the cortex would reflect the severity of glomerular injury and also contribute to the assessment of prognosis in such primary glomerulonephritic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Results of radiotherapy in carcinoma of the larynx].

Long-termed treatment results have been analysed in 224 previously untreated patients with a squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx who were given irradiation for curative therapy. The 5-year cumulative local control rates of T1NO and T2NO cases with phonation were 80.9% and 74.1%, respectively and a total laryngectomy was chiefly performed for the recurrent cases. The 5-year cumulative local control rates with of without phonation were 97.0% and 91.8%, respectively. The introduction of a multi-disciplinary treatment was found necessary for the locally advanced cases (T4 or N3 cases), because of a low local control rate (about 25%) from radiotherapy alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Novel calcium antagonists. Synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of benzothiazoline derivatives.

A series of novel compounds having a benzothiazoline skeleton was studied for their structure-activity relationship (SAR) with respect to Ca2+ antagonistic activity. As test compounds, analogues of 3-acyl-2-arylbenzothiazolines (3) were synthesized. Benzothiazoline derivatives (3) exerted higher Ca2+ antagonistic activity than the corresponding thiazolidine derivatives (2). Effects of substituents R1-R4, the substitution position of the aminoalkoxy group and R2, and the length of the methylene chain on biological activities were examined. Compound 4 [3-acetyl-2-[5-methoxy-2-[4-[N-methyl-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethyl ) amino]butoxy]phenyl]benzothiazoline hydrochloride] showed a potent Ca2+ antagonistic activity in vitro and dual inhibition on the fast Na+ inward channel and the slow Ca2+ inward channel in Langendorff perfused rabbit hearts. Compound 4 also showed a long-acting hypotensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats and prevented acute pulmonary thrombotic death in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Recurrent attacks of vomiting, hypertension and psychotic depression: a syndrome of periodic catecholamine and prostaglandin discharge.

A syndrome of periodic catecholamine and prostaglandin E2 discharge is described in 2 patients aged 17 and 3 years. They had recurrent attacks of vomiting, hypertension and psychotic depression for several years with a fixed periodicity. At initiation of the attack, plasma ACTH, AVP, norepinephrine and prostaglandin E2 were markedly elevated, whereas dopamine was undetectable. This resulted in hypercortisolemia, hyponatremia and oliguria, which were completely normalized when the attack subsided. Dopaminergic inhibition by metoclopramide injection induced a sustained rise in plasma bicyclo-prostaglandin E2 in the patients, a transient rise in 4 controls, and no response in 8 control children. The 4 control responders had significantly higher plasma norepinephrine levels and aldosterone responses than the non-responders (P less than 0.001). There was a linear correlation between peak values of bicyclo-prostaglandin E2 and basal norepinephrine levels (r = 0.990, P less than 0.001). The patients released bicyclo-prostaglandin E2 and aldosterone more easily than the control responders in terms of plasma norepinephrine and dopamine levels. Treatment of the patient with clonidine was partially effective, whereas administration of indomethacin completely suppressed recurrence of the attacks for 1 year. These results suggest the etiologic possibility that the patients have a decreased dopaminergic inhibition of prostaglandin E2-mediated norepinephrine secretion, which causes periodic discharge of norepinephrine and concomitant release of ACTH and AVP.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Results of radiation therapy of stage I non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of Waldeyer's ring].

The treatment records of 107 patients with stage I diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the Waldeyer's ring, who were irradiated at 7 institutions from 1972 through 1985, were analyzed. The local control rate, the 5 year actuarial survival rate and the 5 year relapse-free survival rate were 96.4%, 76.2% and 76.6%, respectively. Any high risk group could not be found in the pathological subtype, the initial site of the tumor and the tumor size. There were 17 relapse cases within the first 2 years after radiotherapy. Most relapse occurred in the distant site from the irradiated field. With these results, the treatment policy of Waldeyer's ring lymphoma of stage I was discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Thin basement membrane syndrome in adults.

Eight (two men, six women) cases of adult thin basement membrane syndrome were studied to clarify the clinicopathological characteristics of the disease. The average age at the time of biopsy was 40 years. All the patients had persistent microscopic haematuria, normal renal function, and normal blood pressure, with the exception of one who was hypotensive. Most of them had persistent or transient proteinuria. Renal symptoms were found in four families, although no relative had Alport's syndrome. Renal biopsy findings observed by light and immunofluorescence microscopy did not indicate any important abnormalities, but extensive diffuse thinning of the glomerular basement membrane, ranging from 153 to 213 nm, was a constant finding by electron microscopy. All the patients retained stable renal function at the time of final follow up, indicating a benign prognosis of the syndrome.

Adolescent↗